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Articles 5641 - 5670 of 197916

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Vortex-Vortex Interaction Cavitation Inception Using Statistical And Multi-Phase Models, Nicholas Berthiaume Jan 2026

Vortex-Vortex Interaction Cavitation Inception Using Statistical And Multi-Phase Models, Nicholas Berthiaume

Open Access Master's Theses

This document is not being released in full, as it contains Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) subject to safeguarding and dissemination controls under the policies of the National Institute for Undersea Vehicle Technology (NIUVT). Only those portions authorized for release are included herein.

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Gaze Transition Entropy And Automation Trust In Multitasking Workspace, Yusuke Yamani, Austin Jackson, Tetsuya Sato, Feyishola Ashimi, Michael S. Politowicz, Eric T. Chancey, Makoto Itoh Jan 2026

Gaze Transition Entropy And Automation Trust In Multitasking Workspace, Yusuke Yamani, Austin Jackson, Tetsuya Sato, Feyishola Ashimi, Michael S. Politowicz, Eric T. Chancey, Makoto Itoh

Psychology Faculty Publications

Safe flight operation requires visual scanning across multiple displays in a cockpit, which collectively represent the state of the aircraft and supporting automation. Trust is a crucial factor that drives human-automation interaction, and recent work has suggested a relationship between an operator's visual attention and automation trust. One index that captures predictability of eye movements between different areas of interest is gaze transition entropy. The current work reanalyzed data from Sato et al., which examined eye movement patterns and trust in automation associated with the system monitoring task of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery. Results showed credible positive correlations between the …

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Formulation Development Of Topical Inserts Containing Doxycycline And Doxycycline Combined With Tenofovir Alafenamide And Elvitegravir For The Prevention Of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Vivek Agrahari, M. Melissa Peet, Jasmin Monpara, Rijo John, Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda, Pardeep K. Gupta, Meredith R. Clark, Gustavo F. Doncel Jan 2026

Formulation Development Of Topical Inserts Containing Doxycycline And Doxycycline Combined With Tenofovir Alafenamide And Elvitegravir For The Prevention Of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Vivek Agrahari, M. Melissa Peet, Jasmin Monpara, Rijo John, Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda, Pardeep K. Gupta, Meredith R. Clark, Gustavo F. Doncel

CONRAD Publications

Despite advances in oral and injectable HIV prevention options and oral prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of bacterial origin, there remains a critical need for effective on-demand topical (vaginal and rectal) products for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP). To fill this gap, we have developed single and first-in-kind multi-active topical inserts for bacterial STIs and HIV/STIs prevention. We have formulated two different inserts, one containing doxycycline (DOX) at 10, 50, and 100 mg doses for bacterial STI prevention, and a multipurpose prevention product (TED insert) that combines DOX (10 mg) with the antiretrovirals tenofovir alafenamide (TAF; 20 …

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Stem-Fit And Soil-Fit: Integrated Plant And Soil Nitrogen-Hormone Sensing With Machine Learning-Based Forecasting For Next-Generation Precision Agriculture, Nafize I. Hossain, Mohammad Solaiman, A.K.M. Ahsanul Habib, Md Al Mahmud Hossain Al Hadi, Shawana Tabassum Jan 2026

Stem-Fit And Soil-Fit: Integrated Plant And Soil Nitrogen-Hormone Sensing With Machine Learning-Based Forecasting For Next-Generation Precision Agriculture, Nafize I. Hossain, Mohammad Solaiman, A.K.M. Ahsanul Habib, Md Al Mahmud Hossain Al Hadi, Shawana Tabassum

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Inefficient fertilizer application in agriculture leads to reduced crop productivity, nutrient losses, and reduced crop resilience, highlighting the urgent need for real-time monitoring of plant–soil nutrient and stress dynamics. This research aims to develop and validate a multiplexed sensing platform for real-time, in-situ measurement of key soil nutrients (Soil-FIT) and plant phytohormones (Stem-FIT) involved in nitrogen signaling and stress regulation. The proposed sensor suite integrates 3D-printed modules for continuous monitoring of nitrate, ammonium, and pH in both soil and plant sap, along with salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethylene (ET) in plant sap. The sensors, …

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Development Of Feature Tokenizer Deep Learning Model For Fault Diagnosis In Marine Propulsion System, Pratik Anand Deshpande, J. Preetha Roselyn, Prabha Sundaravadivel Jan 2026

Development Of Feature Tokenizer Deep Learning Model For Fault Diagnosis In Marine Propulsion System, Pratik Anand Deshpande, J. Preetha Roselyn, Prabha Sundaravadivel

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The fault diagnostics in Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor drive system is critical for operational safety and system lifespan in propulsion system applications. However, signature parameters such as currents, voltages, speed, and torque have provided nonlinear behavior, which limits the usefulness of traditional model-based approaches. This research provides a deep learning based intelligent system to monitor the failures in marine propulsion system. Each signal feature is represented as a structured token, with a specific class token used to collect global contextual information. The proposed model captures both local temporal dynamics and global inter-feature interdependence multi-layer self-attention processes, allowing for the …

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Decentralized Linear Solvers: Communication Cost And Privacy, Nelson G. Brasil, Vinay A. Vaishampayan Jan 2026

Decentralized Linear Solvers: Communication Cost And Privacy, Nelson G. Brasil, Vinay A. Vaishampayan

Publications and Research

We consider the problem of multiple parties iteratively solving a system of linear equations in a decentralized manner. Specifically, we solve for $\negr{x} \in \R^n$, the $n \times n$ system of linear equations $M\negr{x} = \negr{b}$ when each party only knows their row of the matrix $M$ and a single component of $\negr{b} \in \R^n$. Our objective is to determine the tradeoff between the accuracy of the solution and the total communication cost measured in bits. A fully connected, reliable mesh network is assumed to connect the different parties. We develop a general formulation that applies to a large class …

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A Critical Perspective On The Society Of Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry's Adherence To Founding Principles— Opportunities For The Future, Barnett A. Rattner, Annegaaike Leopold, Carys L. Mitchelmore, Glenn W. Suter, Mark S. Johnson, Adriana C. Bejarano, Lawrence A. Kapustka, Niranjana Krishnan, Derek C. G. Muir, Beatrice O. Opeolu, Martha Georgina Orozco-Medina, April Reed, Bruce W. Vigon, Adam R. Wronski Jan 2026

A Critical Perspective On The Society Of Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry's Adherence To Founding Principles— Opportunities For The Future, Barnett A. Rattner, Annegaaike Leopold, Carys L. Mitchelmore, Glenn W. Suter, Mark S. Johnson, Adriana C. Bejarano, Lawrence A. Kapustka, Niranjana Krishnan, Derek C. G. Muir, Beatrice O. Opeolu, Martha Georgina Orozco-Medina, April Reed, Bruce W. Vigon, Adam R. Wronski

Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) is a global organization whose mission is the advancement of environmental science and management through collaboration, leadership, communication and education. On SETAC's 45th anniversary, the following question was raised: Are the 1979 founding principles of SETAC, multidisciplinary approaches to solving environmental problems, multisector engagement and scientific objectivity, still useful, adequate and effective in fulfilling its mission? In a special session held at the 45th Annual Meeting in Fort Worth, Texas, United States, a critical evaluation of the founding principles was initiated by reviewing SETAC's history and ongoing activities, and recommendations were made …

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Explaining The Unseen: Multimodal Vision-Language Reasoning For Situational Awareness In Underground Mining Disasters, Mizanur Rahman Jewel, Mohamed Elmahallawy, Sanjay Kumar Madria, Samuel Frimpong Jan 2026

Explaining The Unseen: Multimodal Vision-Language Reasoning For Situational Awareness In Underground Mining Disasters, Mizanur Rahman Jewel, Mohamed Elmahallawy, Sanjay Kumar Madria, Samuel Frimpong

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Underground mining disasters produce pervasive darkness, dust, and collapses that obscure vision and make situational awareness difficult for humans and conventional systems. To address this, we propose MDSE, Multimodal Disaster Situation Explainer, a novel vision-language framework that automatically generates detailed textual explanations of post-disaster underground scenes. MDSE has three-fold innovations: (i) Context-Aware Cross-Attention for robust alignment of visual and textual features even under severe degradation; (ii) Segmentation-aware dual pathway visual encoding that fuses global and region-specific embeddings; and (iii) Resource-Efficient Transformer-Based Language Model for expressive caption generation with minimal compute cost. To support this task, we present the Underground Mine …

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Adaptive Multi-Grade Deep Learning For Highly Oscillatory Fredholm Integral Equations Of The Second Kind, Jie Jiang, Yuesheng Xu Jan 2026

Adaptive Multi-Grade Deep Learning For Highly Oscillatory Fredholm Integral Equations Of The Second Kind, Jie Jiang, Yuesheng Xu

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

This paper studies the use of Multi-Grade Deep Learning (MGDL) for solving highly oscillatory Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. We provide rigorous error analyses of continuous and discrete MGDL models, showing that the discrete model retains the convergence and stability of its continuous counterpart under sufficiently small quadrature error. We identify the DNN training error as the primary source of approximation error, motivating a novel adaptive MGDL algorithm that selects the network grade based on training performance. Numerical experiments with highly oscillatory (including wavenumber 500) and singular solutions confirm the accuracy, effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.

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Low-Energy Co2 Sequestration Via Palm Waste Biochar Activated With Carbide Lime For Mineral Carbonation Of Industrial Wastes, Maisa El Gamal, Ameera F. Mohammad, Basim Abu-Jdayil, Imen Ben Salem, Suhaib Hameedi Jan 2026

Low-Energy Co2 Sequestration Via Palm Waste Biochar Activated With Carbide Lime For Mineral Carbonation Of Industrial Wastes, Maisa El Gamal, Ameera F. Mohammad, Basim Abu-Jdayil, Imen Ben Salem, Suhaib Hameedi

All Works

A sustainable method for enhancing CO₂ capture and sequestration was developed by accelerating the carbonation of alkaline industrial wastes using carbide lime-activated biochar (BC(CLW)), an alkaline by-product of acetylene production. The biochar was produced from palm tree waste through slow pyrolysis at 400 °C, followed by activation with carbide lime slurry to enhance its alkalinity, surface basic sites, and reactivity toward CO₂. Three industrial residues, namely ladle furnace slag (LF), baghouse dust (BH), and cyclone silo dust (CD), were blended with 0, 5, 7, and 10 wt. % BC(CLW) and carbonated under ambient conditions. Characterization by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform …

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Solubility And Dissolution Mechanism Of Novel Multi-Ester Headgroup Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yan Ling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shi Zhang Cui, Yu Zhang, Wen Jing Shi, Zhao Nian Zhang, Wen Hui Ding, Pei Xu Ma, Zan Gao Jan 2026

Solubility And Dissolution Mechanism Of Novel Multi-Ester Headgroup Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yan Ling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shi Zhang Cui, Yu Zhang, Wen Jing Shi, Zhao Nian Zhang, Wen Hui Ding, Pei Xu Ma, Zan Gao

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To address the limited solubility and applicability of conventional hydrocarbon surfactants in supercritical CO2, a series of multi-ester headgroup surfactants were designed and synthesized by leveraging the CO2-philic properties of ester groups. The molecular structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR. A custom-designed laser-based apparatus was developed to quantify surfactant solubility and systematically investigate phase behavior in CO2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidate structure–solubility relationships across multiple scales, including solubility parameters, interaction energies, radial distribution functions (RDFs), and free volume fractions. Results indicate that, at 323.15 K, …

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Flow Regime-Independent Two-Group Interfacial Area Concentration Model For Dispersed Gas-Liquid Flows In Large-Diameter Pipes, Hossein Barati, Takashi Hibiki, Joshua P. Schlegel, Naofumi Tsukamoto Jan 2026

Flow Regime-Independent Two-Group Interfacial Area Concentration Model For Dispersed Gas-Liquid Flows In Large-Diameter Pipes, Hossein Barati, Takashi Hibiki, Joshua P. Schlegel, Naofumi Tsukamoto

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In many power plants, boiling can result in two-phase flows during normal and accident conditions. Heat and mass transfers through the gas-liquid interface in a two-phase flow process are proportional to the interfacial area concentration (IAC). These calculations for nuclear systems are typically performed using advanced system analysis codes such as TRACE. TRACE uses a two-group (2G) model, where bubbles are divided into two groups according to their drag coefficients. Correlations are used to calculate the group-wise void fractions (VFs) and IACs. This study evaluates the accuracy of the TRACE 2G VF and IAC models for vertically upward dispersed flows …

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Implementation Of Tritium Transport In A Gas-Liquid Contactor Cfd Simulation Of Tritium Extraction From Lead-Lithium In Ansys Fluent, Anthony G. Bowers, Subash L. Sharma, Thomas F. Fuerst Jan 2026

Implementation Of Tritium Transport In A Gas-Liquid Contactor Cfd Simulation Of Tritium Extraction From Lead-Lithium In Ansys Fluent, Anthony G. Bowers, Subash L. Sharma, Thomas F. Fuerst

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Modifications to the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent were done to quantify and characterize tritium transport in gas-liquid contactors (GLCs). A double-slit, Ergun-like equation was employed for the porous media model, with Ergun coefficients validated with Sulzer's Sulcol software. Tritium transport from PbLi within the GLC was verified against analytical models. The geometry of the CFD model was based on the MELODIE GLC experiment. The hydrodynamic CFD pressure drop results align well with Sulcol estimations and fall between the predictions of the analytical Delft-Olujić and Billet and Schultes models. In terms of mass transfer efficiency, traditional mass transfer …

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Synthesis Of Nickel Nanoparticles By Gamma Irradiation And Femtosecond Laser Ablation, V. M. Rao, Y. Han, H. Tsai, C. H.C. Giraldo, T. Akyurek Jan 2026

Synthesis Of Nickel Nanoparticles By Gamma Irradiation And Femtosecond Laser Ablation, V. M. Rao, Y. Han, H. Tsai, C. H.C. Giraldo, T. Akyurek

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by (i) gamma irradiation of aqueous nickel chloride precursors and (ii) double scan femtosecond laser (FSL) ablation of a pure nickel foil in water. The nanoparticles produced by FSL ablation were further stabilized in acetone. Gamma radiolysis yielded nickel nanoparticles in the 2–22 nm range, with the average particle diameter governed by the total absorbed dose. Nickel nanoparticles produced by double scan FSL ablation were in the 2–17 nm range but less monodispersed than the nanoparticles produced via gamma radiolysis. FSL ablation proved to be superior in terms of yielding a higher number of smaller nanoparticles …

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Improving Evacuation Effectiveness On Cruise And Large Passenger Ships : An Analysis Of Human Factors, Safety Culture, And Behavioral Dynamics, Antonios Andreadakis Jan 2026

Improving Evacuation Effectiveness On Cruise And Large Passenger Ships : An Analysis Of Human Factors, Safety Culture, And Behavioral Dynamics, Antonios Andreadakis

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

Maritime trade has long constituted a central pillar of economic development, supporting global commerce and cultural exchange. Nevertheless, the maritime environment is inherently hazardous and therefore the protection of human life has consistently constituted and will continue to remain a central priority (Casson, 1995). An instrumental turning point in maritime safety occurred after the sinking of Titanic in 1912, which prompted in 1914 an International Conference dedicated to the protection of human life at sea; which ultimately led to the adoption of the International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) (Dalaklis, 2017). This Convention introduced internationally imposed safety …

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A Combined Stochastic And Physical Framework For Alloys And Metal Casting Processes Modeling, Simon N. Lekakh, Oleg Neroslavsky Jan 2026

A Combined Stochastic And Physical Framework For Alloys And Metal Casting Processes Modeling, Simon N. Lekakh, Oleg Neroslavsky

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High temperature metal casting processes have dualistic nature and conceptually consist of two parts of distinct processes: the first type is deterministic, strictly obeying the physical law, while the second type is stochastic. Therefore, the metal casting processes are not precisely predictable, and deterministic considerations cannot provide exact outcomes. To solve this problem, the combined stochastic and deterministic framework was suggested. The local processes were described using deterministic models for several parameter arrangements, while the distribution of these arrangements on macro level was calculated using stochastic approaches. The approach was used for cast alloy design, investment casting process optimization, and …

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Thermal Transformations And Mechanical Properties Of All-D-Metal Mn2fecu Heusler-Type Shape Memory Alloy, Choji J. Daches, Joseph W. Newkirk, Mario Buchely Jan 2026

Thermal Transformations And Mechanical Properties Of All-D-Metal Mn2fecu Heusler-Type Shape Memory Alloy, Choji J. Daches, Joseph W. Newkirk, Mario Buchely

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

All-d-metal Heusler alloys are emerging functional materials in which magnetic ordering, lattice distortion, and mechanical behavior are strongly coupled through d–d electronic interactions. This study systematically investigates the structural, thermal, magnetic, and mechanical properties of Mn₂FeCu synthesized within a Heusler-type compositional framework. SEM/EDS revealed a dual-phase FCC-based microstructure consisting of Mn–Fe–rich and Mn–Cu–rich domains, while XRD confirmed FCC symmetry with compositional partitioning rather than full L2₁ ordering. Differential scanning calorimetry identified partial melting of the Cu-rich phase near ~ 900 °C. Dilatometry showed a thermoelastic FCC → FCT transformation at ~ 770–780 °C with a recoverable strain of ~ 0.067%. …

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Design Of Novel Gating Systems For Steel Castings, K. Balasubramanian, Laura Bartlett, M. Xu Jan 2026

Design Of Novel Gating Systems For Steel Castings, K. Balasubramanian, Laura Bartlett, M. Xu

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Gating systems play an important role in determining the quality and mechanical properties of castings. To understand the efficiency of gating systems, four systems, namely pressurized system, non-pressurized system, naturally pressurized system with a side riser and a naturally pressurized system with a top riser, were studied. The naturally pressurized systems were provided with overflows which collected the incoming metal swirl. Parameters like velocity of metal flow, air entrapment, microporosity and Niyama criterion were considered, and a design was developed with a common pouring basin. 8630 alloy was poured into two molds using a teapot ladle. The inclusion analysis revealed …

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Comparative Evaluation Of Gating Systems In Femnal Castings, K. Balasubramanian, Laura Bartlett, M. Xu Jan 2026

Comparative Evaluation Of Gating Systems In Femnal Castings, K. Balasubramanian, Laura Bartlett, M. Xu

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To understand the efficiency of gating systems, four systems, namely AFS styled pressurized system, AFS styled non-pressurized system, naturally pressurized system with a side riser and a naturally pressurized system with a top riser, were studied. The naturally pressurized systems were provided with overflows which collected the incoming metal swirl while the pressurized and non-pressurized systems had runner wells. Parameters like velocity of metal flow, air entrapment, microporosity and Niyama criterion were considered, and a design was developed with a common pouring basin using solidification software. Two molds were 3D printed using carbonitride sand, and steel of composition Fe-29Mn-8.2Al-0.91C-0.88Si-0.49Mo was …

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Microstructure And Properties Of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys, Ertugrul Demir, Seung Min Ha, Anish Ranjan, Xingshuo Zhang, Aaron Penders, Mukesh Bachhav, Xiaochun Li, Lin Shao, Alexander Demblon, Haiming Wen, Enrique Lavernia Jan 2026

Microstructure And Properties Of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys, Ertugrul Demir, Seung Min Ha, Anish Ranjan, Xingshuo Zhang, Aaron Penders, Mukesh Bachhav, Xiaochun Li, Lin Shao, Alexander Demblon, Haiming Wen, Enrique Lavernia

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys are a critical class of structural materials for extreme environments, owing to their unique combination of high-temperature strength, thermal stability, and radiation tolerance, enabled by a very high density of nanoscale oxide dispersoids. These features make ODS alloys attractive for advanced nuclear systems, aerospace applications, and other harsh-service conditions where conventional alloys rapidly degrade. Despite decades of development, key challenges remain in understanding how nanoscale oxides interact with matrix microstructures, alloy chemistry, and irradiation-induced defects to control macroscopic performance. This review provides a focused, mechanism-based synthesis of the microstructural features that govern the properties of ODS …

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Overcoming Resolution Vs. Throughput Trade-Offs In Ceramic Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Via Viscoelastic Filament Stretching, Abid H. Rafi, David W. Lipke, Jeremy L. Watts, Gregory E. Hilmas, Ming C. Leu Jan 2026

Overcoming Resolution Vs. Throughput Trade-Offs In Ceramic Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Via Viscoelastic Filament Stretching, Abid H. Rafi, David W. Lipke, Jeremy L. Watts, Gregory E. Hilmas, Ming C. Leu

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fabricating large, monolithic ceramic parts using material-extrusion additive manufacturing remains challenging due to difficulty maintaining uniform moisture content during printing, which can lead to drying-induced defects such as warping and cracking, especially as part size and print time increase. Fabricated parts have trade-offs among print resolution, high throughput, and structural fidelity. Our study has shown that increasing the ratio of nozzle traverse speed vs. material extrusion speed increases filament stretching in viscoelastic ceramic paste, helping to overcome the trade-offs between resolution and throughput. Using aqueous ZrB2–SiC (70/30 vol.%) as a representative ultra-high temperature ceramic paste, rheological characterisation revealed viscoelastic yield-stress …

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N-Radii Approach For Multi-Scale Characterization Of Graphite Shape In Cast Iron, Simon N. Lekakh, Laura Bartlett Jan 2026

N-Radii Approach For Multi-Scale Characterization Of Graphite Shape In Cast Iron, Simon N. Lekakh, Laura Bartlett

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Knowledge of multi-scale particle macro-shape and micro-surface topology is critical in many technical disciplines. Specifically, quality assessment of the shape of the graphite phase in cast irons is essential for day-to-day metal casting operations. Common methods for evaluating particle macro-shape have several drawbacks, often resulting in underestimation of sharp corners and surface texture. In this article, a method based on plotting n-radii from the center of mass to the perimeter and computing multi-scale topological characteristics is described and tested. Parametric tests, involving variations in the number of n-radii and image resolution, were performed to optimize the test parameters. The method …

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Modeling Of Transformation Temperatures In Cast Martensitic Stainless Steels-Ca6nm: Effects Of Composition, Heating Rate, And Grain Size, Ugochukwu Agbedo, Mario Buchely, Laura Bartlett, Caelan Kennedy Jan 2026

Modeling Of Transformation Temperatures In Cast Martensitic Stainless Steels-Ca6nm: Effects Of Composition, Heating Rate, And Grain Size, Ugochukwu Agbedo, Mario Buchely, Laura Bartlett, Caelan Kennedy

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate prediction of the critical transformation temperatures Ac1 and Ac3 is one of the essential factors in the heat treatment of CA6NM cast martensitic stainless steel. In this study, the influence of alloy composition, heating rate, and prior austenite grain size on the critical temperatures was quantified using dilatometric measurements and statistical modeling. Six heat treatment conditions produced prior austenite grain sizes ranging from ~75 to 247 µm. Experimental results showed that grain size variations produced only minor changes in Ac1 and Ac3, indicating a weak dependence of transformation temperatures on prior austenite grain size within the investigated range. In …

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Multiphysics Simulation And Experimental Validation Of Phase Transformation And Hardness In Jominy End-Quenched Low-Alloy Steels, J. S. Alabi, E. Heidari, M. F. Buchely, K. Chandrashekhara, S. N. Lekakh, R. J. O'Malley, V. A. Athavale, A. Kumar Jan 2026

Multiphysics Simulation And Experimental Validation Of Phase Transformation And Hardness In Jominy End-Quenched Low-Alloy Steels, J. S. Alabi, E. Heidari, M. F. Buchely, K. Chandrashekhara, S. N. Lekakh, R. J. O'Malley, V. A. Athavale, A. Kumar

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-volume industrial continuous hot-rolled steel heat treatment processes involve sophisticated multi-phase modeling. The performance of a given process can be optimized by coupling phase transformation kinetics with the cooling conditions of the process. This study develops a multiphysics model to simulate an intensive quenching process for steel, which is inherently transient and highly dependent on numerous parameters. The simulated object was a Jominy end-quenched specimen geometry using two commercial steels, AISI 4130 and AISI 4140, with the goal of transferring a verified methodology to the heat treatment process for industrial heavy-section products (bars, slabs). The simulation employs thermal, mechanical, and …

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Effect Of Complex Alloying Elements On Oxide Scale Formation And Water-Jet Descaling Performance On Continuously Cast Low-Carbon Steels, Tochukwu P. Ojiako, Tsvetkov Dmitry, Mario Buchely, Haiming Wen, Simon N. Lekakh, Ronald J. O'Malley Jan 2026

Effect Of Complex Alloying Elements On Oxide Scale Formation And Water-Jet Descaling Performance On Continuously Cast Low-Carbon Steels, Tochukwu P. Ojiako, Tsvetkov Dmitry, Mario Buchely, Haiming Wen, Simon N. Lekakh, Ronald J. O'Malley

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The formation and evolution of oxide scale in contact with mold flux during continuous casting, subsequent reheating, and hydraulic descaling are strongly governed by steel chemistry. To elucidate the effect of complex alloying elements (Si, Mn, and Cr), two industrially produced continuously cast low-carbon steel grades for manufacturing stamped parts (a base and alloyed steel grade) were investigated. The objective was to determine how alloying elements influence oxidation behavior, scale morphology, interfacial adhesion, and water-jet descaling efficiency. Continuously cast slab specimens were subjected to controlled thermal and atmospheric oxidation cycles simulating multistage industrial practice. Three initial surface conditions (industrial as-cast, …

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High Temperature Mold Gap Measurement Using Optical Fiber Interferometry, Jie Huang, Ronald O'Malley, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Deva Prasaad Neelakandan, Muhammad Roman Jan 2026

High Temperature Mold Gap Measurement Using Optical Fiber Interferometry, Jie Huang, Ronald O'Malley, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Deva Prasaad Neelakandan, Muhammad Roman

Patents

A temperature insensitive fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer based mold gap measurement system that can be employed in foundry and continuous casting facilities for both non-ferrous and ferrous production applications. For steel continuous casting, the sensor is also capable of detecting crystallite formation in the mold flux layer within the mold gap by detecting reflections from both the flux layer and the steel shell to facilitate direct mold lubrication monitoring for continuous casting. These interferometers can also be easily multiplexed to perform interface shape measurements or monitor gap variations at various positions within a complex mold design. The ability to measure …

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Fluorescent Security Glass, Rachel Leigh Grodsky, Richard Brow, Melissa Malone Teague Jan 2026

Fluorescent Security Glass, Rachel Leigh Grodsky, Richard Brow, Melissa Malone Teague

Patents

A tamper-evident glass and methods of using the tamperevident glass are provided herein. The tamper-evident glass comprising at least a first plurality of tamper-evident elements, which may be unique or near unique to each manufacturing of tamper-evident glass. The initial state of tamper-evident glass and positioning of the plurality of tamper-evident elements may be mapped through digital scanning to create a digital file of the current state of the tamper-evident glass. The tamper-evident glass may be scanned again to create a new digital file for comparison and to determine if a tampering event has occurred. The tamper-evident elements may include …

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Transverse Magnetic Mode Split Post Dielectric Resonator, Donghyun Kim, Xiaoning Ye, Chaofeng Li Jan 2026

Transverse Magnetic Mode Split Post Dielectric Resonator, Donghyun Kim, Xiaoning Ye, Chaofeng Li

Patents

A device for measuring a property of a substrate comprises an enclosure,two resonators,and two probes.The substrate has a top surface, and the enclosure defines a cavity for placing the substrate. The resonators extend into the cavity of the enclosure. The probes extend into the cavity, and each of the probes comprises a loop that extends about an axis that is substantially parallel to the top surface of the substrate so that the probes are operable to excite a transverse magnetic mode signal in the cavity.

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Elevated Temperature Flexure Behavior Of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Zrb2–Zrsi2 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, Jacob Stacy, Aaron Ginsparg, Jason Lonergan, Jeremy Watts, Gregory Hilmas Jan 2026

Elevated Temperature Flexure Behavior Of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Zrb2–Zrsi2 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, Jacob Stacy, Aaron Ginsparg, Jason Lonergan, Jeremy Watts, Gregory Hilmas

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Ultrahigh temperature ceramic matrix composites (UHTCMCs) were fabricated from unidirectional prepreg tapes consisting of a matrix of ZrB2 with 5, 10, and 15 vol.% ZrSi2 additions and continuous polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers and were densified at 1600°C in a hot press. The relative matrix densities ranged from 88% to 93% with interlayer spacings of ∼72 µm and fiber volume fractions between 30% and 36%. Phenolic resin additions were utilized to react with ZrSi2 acting as a transient sintering aid to form ZrC and SiC phases. Elastic moduli of the UHTCMCs decreased with increasing temperature during 4-pt flexure testing. …

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Quantitative Grain Structure And Texture Analysis Of Hot-Pressed Zrb2 Via 3d Ebsd, Randi Swanson, Michael Chapman, Yue Zhou, Ashley Hilmas, Lisa Rueschhoff, Michael Uchic, William Fahrenholtz, Scott J. Mccormack Jan 2026

Quantitative Grain Structure And Texture Analysis Of Hot-Pressed Zrb2 Via 3d Ebsd, Randi Swanson, Michael Chapman, Yue Zhou, Ashley Hilmas, Lisa Rueschhoff, Michael Uchic, William Fahrenholtz, Scott J. Mccormack

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Understanding and controlling the grain structure of ZrB2 is critical for optimizing its mechanical and thermal performance in high-temperature applications. Fully dense ZrB2, densified by hot pressing at 2150˚C and 32 MPa, was analyzed in three dimensions using electron backscattered diffraction, electron and optical microscopy, and mechanical polishing serial sectioning. Grain size followed a gamma distribution, with extreme deviations observed only in the largest 0.1% of grains. Large grains exhibited plate-like morphologies, with the shortest-to-longest axis ratio converging to ∼0.4 as grain volume increased. This work revealed a crystallographically controlled growth mechanism orthogonal to [0001] that is …

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