Engineering Commons^™

Role Of Infrastructure In The Success Of Residential Developments In Michigan, Aditi Hardekar, M.G. Matt Syal

The Professional Constructor

Infrastructure systems are critical for the success of a residential development. These systems include the infrastructure within and around the development as well as facilities and amenities in the surrounding area. Most of the residential development literature tend to focus on the planning, layout, social aspects, and the residential units itself, but lack emphasis on the infrastructure systems. This paper identified supporting infrastructure for residential developments based on the review of research and industry literature, and several case studies nationwide. The availability and absence of infrastructure systems were investigated in each case study. The review led to the identification of …

Crash Data Analysis Tool: Research Report + User Guide, Eric R. Green, Paul Ross

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This manual describes the Crash Data Analysis Tool (CDAT), which can be used by KYTC staff and the agency’s work partners to securely access crash datasets. CDAT users can query and download data using flags stored during post-processing. Unlike KyOPS, however, CDAT’s location data are validated using geographic coordinates and several of county, route, and milepoint fields to ensure crashes are properly geocoded. CDAT grants access to data and information that can be used in conjunction with KYTC’s Data Driven Safety Analysis (DDSA) Implementation Guide to conduct highway safety analysis numerous KYTC processes. Historically, the Cabinet’s Division of Traffic Operations …

Dairy Manure Flushwater Treatment By Algae Raceway Ponds And Aerated Biofilm Reactors, Darin Son

Master's Theses

Nitrogen removal technologies can help dairy industries meet their nutrient management needs. This thesis investigated two separate treatment technologies for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal: algae raceway ponds and aerated biofilm reactors. Six 1000- liter algae raceway ponds and four 1000-liter tote tanks, each equipped with 10 sheets of nonwoven geotextile (i.e., thermally bonded or needle-punched) biofilm substrate, were used to treat the effluent from a flush dairy in central coastal California (TAN = 251 mg/L, cBOD5 = 204 mg/L). For the algae raceway ponds (TAN loading rate = 7 - 35 g/m³-day among 7-, 10- and 14-day hydraulic residence …

Development Of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks For Enhancing Post-Combustion Co2 Capture, Dustin Lee

Master's Theses

Post-combustion CO₂ capture is a promising approach for complementing other strategies to mitigate climate change. Liquid absorption is currently used to capture CO₂ from post-combustion flue gases. However, the high energy cost required to regenerate the liquid absorbents is a major drawback for this process. As a result, solid sorbents have been investigated extensively in recent years as alternative media to capture CO₂ from flue gases. For example, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials that have high surface areas, large pore volumes, and flexible designs. A large number of MOFs, however, suffer from 1) low CO …

Biomanufacturing Organized Collagen-Based Microfibers As A Tissue Engineered Device (Tend) For Tendon Regeneration, Yas Maghdouri-White, Nardos Sori, Stella Petrova, Hilary Wriggers, Nathan Kemper, Amrita Dasgupta, Kelly Coughenour, Seth Polk, Nick Thayer, Mario Rodriguez, Bill Simon, Anna Bulysheva, Kevin Bonner,, Steven Arnoczky, Samuel Adams, Michael Francis

Bioelectrics Publications

Approximately 800,000 surgical repairs are performed annually in the U.S. for debilitating injuries to ligaments and tendons of the foot, ankle, knee, wrist, elbow and shoulder, presenting a significant healthcare burden. To overcome current treatment shortcomings and advance the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, we have developed a novel electrospun Tissue ENgineered Device (TEND), comprised of type I collagen and poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) solubilized in a benign solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). TEND fiber alignment, diameter and porosity were engineered to enhance cell infiltration leading to promote tissue integration and functional remodeling while providing biomechanical stability. TEND rapidly adsorbs …

The Effect Of High Efficiency Building Technologies And Pv Generation On The Energy Profiles For Typical Us Residences, Evan S. Jones, Rosemary E. Alden, Huangjie Gong, Andrew G. Frye, Donald G. Colliver, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

The penetrations of high efficiency technologies and photovoltaic (PV) generation are increasing in the residential sector. Technologies such as improved insulation and efficient HVAC systems significantly affect the energy profile of a house. This effect varies due to climate characteristics, i.e. temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speeds. The effect of other technologies, such as efficient water heaters, lighting, or kitchen appliances, is mainly governed by human behavior, which may be represented by a schedule. This paper studies the performance of both climate-influenced and scheduled household devices among different levels of efficiency through combined computational and experimental methods. Three …

On The Feasibility Of Electrification For Large Mobile Cranes, Donovin Lewis, Damien Lawhorn, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

Trends towards vehicle electrification to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and increase drive train efficiency have led vehicle manufacturers to seek out paths towards gradual hybridization. For heavy duty construction vehicles, electrification consists of two principle components: electric hybridization of the vehicle carrier and the vehicle's auxiliary function. Economic and physical feasibility for the transition to electrical replacements for critical system components is important for the gradual development of electrified systems. In this paper, we present an investigation into multiple pathways for the hybridization of mobile cranes paired with simulations that analyze the feasibility of system electrification. ADVISOR was used …

Trainer Appropriation And Transfer Of A New Prevention Approach In Material Handling Based On Action Principles, Denys Denis, Maud Gonella, Marie Comeau, Martin Lauzier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Mise en contexte et objectif

Prenant acte du constat d’échec des formations à la manutention axées sur l’enseignement exclusif de la technique sécuritaire « dos droit – genoux fléchis », une nouvelle approche d’intervention dite « stratégie intégrée de prévention en manutention » (SIPM) a été proposée en 2011. Son originalité repose, entre autres, sur l’utilisation de neuf principes d’action permettant de comprendre et de commenter la richesse des techniques de manutention utilisées naturellement par les manutentionnaires dans leur milieu de travail. L’étude a pour objectif central d’évaluer l’appropriation et le transfert de la SIPM par un groupe d’intervenants formés …

Developing An Open-Source Lightweight Game Engine With Dnn Support, Haechan Park, Nakhoon Baek

Faculty Publications

With the growth of artificial intelligence and deep learning technology, we have many active research works to apply the related techniques in various fields. To test and apply the latest machine learning techniques in gaming, it will be very useful to have a light-weight game engine for quick prototyping. Our game engine is implemented in a cost-effective way, in comparison to well-known commercial proprietary game engines, by utilizing open source products. Due to its simple internal architecture, our game engine is especially beneficial for modifying and reviewing the new functions through quick and repetitive tests. In addition, the game engine …

Longer Service Life Bridge Coatings, Danny Wells, Theodore Hopwood, Bobby Meade, Sudhir Palle

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has maintenance oversight responsibilities for approximately 1,100 steel bridges; it also helps local governments and other entities with maintenance painting on other steel bridges. Because maintaining steel bridges is costly, Cabinet officials asked Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) researchers to identify materials and methods that will prolong their service lives. Steel bridges are uniquely vulnerable to deterioration resulting from exposure to atmospheric conditions (e.g. moisture, ultraviolet rays) and chlorides, the latter due to the application of deicing materials. This study examines two strategies for extending service lives. First, it appraises a novel method of hot dip …

Review On The Suppression Of Zn Dendrite For High Performance Of Zn Ion Battery, Jufni Abdulla, Jin Cao, Panyawat Wangyao, Jiaqian Qin

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Researchers are paying more attention to the environmentally friendly and low-cost energy storage devices, due to the environmental issues and energy crisis caused by current commercial energy storage technologies. Zinc ion battery (ZIB) is one of the new, environment-friendly and low-cost energy storage technologies, which is the most promising alternative technology to replace the lithium ion battery applications. However, one of the challenges-dendrite growths during cycling of Zn anode is still limited its practical applications. In this review, the recent progress on suppression of Zn dendrite in various electrode design, electrolyte additives, and separator modifications for ZIBs is summarized.

Influence Of Cnts Addition On Structural And Superconducting Properties Of Mechanically Alloyed Mgb2, Sigitdwi Yudanto, Yulia Puspa Dewi, Perdamean Sebayang, Septian Adichandra, Agung Imaduddin, Budhy Kurniawan, Azwar Manaf

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The result of adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the lattice parameters, critical temperature and electrical resistivity of the MgB2 superconductors is reported.Structurally, the addition of CNTs was found to decrease the a-lattice from 3.086 Å of CNTs free sample to 3.078 Å and 3.074 Å of 5% and 10% CNTs added samples due to a substitution of C at the B site which presence in the form of Mg(B1-xCx)2 main phase. The doping level x of CNTs added samples were 2.25 at% and 3.75 at% respectively. The unreacted CNTs presence as the second phase and further acting as the suppression …

Effects Of Quenchants On Microstructures And Mechanical Properties Ofsteel Gradeaisi 5160, Pattama Apichai

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research aims to study the effects of the quenchants in hardening process on microstructures and mechanical properties of alloy steel grade AISI 5160. The heat treatments include hardening at 900 (Q1), 870 (Q2), 840 (Q3), 810 (Q4) and 780°C (Q5),respectively, followed by quenching into water, oil and brine solution. Microstructures were measured scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.For each condition, hardness and tensile testing were measured. It was found that the microstructure in the as-sheetcondition consisted of ferrite and pearlite. The observed microstructures after quenching process were martensitewith a small amount of retained austainite. The hardening at …

Optical Properties Of Tio2@Ag Nanowires And Nanospheres, Thananchai Dasri, Panuwat Chaiyachate, Sasiporn Audtarat, Panadda Charee, Artit Chingsungnoen

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Nanoparticles (NPs) with nonmetallic cores and metallic shells (such as Au, Ag, and Cu) can exhibit improve absorption efficiency due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), charge density oscillations at the surfaces of these core-shell composite nanoparticles. In this study, the effect of the geometry of TiO2@Ag core-shell composite nanoparticles on their optical absorption properties was theoretically illustrated in the wavelength ranges between the visible and infrared light regions of electromagnetic radiation. These nanostructures were modeled by varying the TiO2 core and Ag shell radii of the composite nanospheres and nanowires. The results indicate that varying the TiO2 core radius …

Incorporation Of Fe And Cu For Antibacterial Performance Enhancement Of Fe-Cu-Zno Nanocomposites Synthesized By A Facile Chemical Precipitation, Sucheewan Krobthong, Sutthipoj Wongrerkdee

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Fe-Cu-ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using simple chemical precipitation under a violent stirring condition, and characterized by dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The particle size distribution is observed not only a large size of 100 nm to 2 m, but also a small size of 0.4-5.0 nm. The absorbance peaks of the nanocomposites exhibit a small blue shift in comparison with ZnO. Surface defects are explored in the nanocomposites including irregular shapes, rough surfaces, and aggregation. The nanocomposites and ZnO have similar hexagonal wurtzite structures. However, the nanocomposites have more …

Corrosion And Cavitation Erosion Properties Of Sub-Micron Wc-Co /Cr3c2-Nicr Multi-Layered Coating On Aluminium Substrates, Srinivas Vadapalli, Umachaitanya Pathem, Venkata Ramana S N Vuppala, Kodandarama Rao Chebattina, Jaikumar Sagari

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Marine and automobile components are subjected to corrosion and cavitation erosion during their service. This paper aims to study the use of hard coatings on aluminium substrates with multiple layers of coating comprising of sub-micron sized WC-Co andCr3C2-NiCr for enhancement of hardness, corrosion and cavitation erosion properties. Coatings are applied on aluminium substrates using high-velocity liquid fuel (HVLF) spray technique and the coating parameters are optimized for best results. The results indicate that multiple layered coating with alternate film coatings of Cr3C2-NiCr & submicron WC-Co has significantly improved the hardness of aluminium surface. The resistance to corrosion with multiple layers …

Impact Of Fillers For Acrylic Compositions On Their Stability In Aggressive Mediums And Adhesive Strength, Liudmyla Trykoz, Svetlana Kamchatnaya, Oksana Pustovoitova, Inna Saiapina, Dmytro Borodin

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This paper aims to reveal the change of diffusion coefficient and permeability of the acrylic composition with different types of fillers (such as cement, sand, mica, and talc) in the various aggressive mediums. Also, the adhesive strength was determined as the maximal stress caused by detaching metal plate from the surface of the concrete. To evaluate the stability of the compositions, the samples of the acrylic compositions were saturated with acid and alkali solutions during a certain time. Basing on the mass change, the coefficients of diffusion, sorption, and permeability were calculated. The sand filled acrylic composition showed the least …

Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of The Influence Of Temperature On The Fracture Behavior Of High Impact Polystyrene Evaluated By The J-Integral Approach Using Multiple Specimen Method, Hanan El Bhilat, Abdelilah Hachim, Houda Salmi, Khalid El Had

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The aim of the present work is to study the mechanical behavior in fracture of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) subjected to tensile tests under the effect of temperature to determine the R-curves. The theory of the J-integral contour has been used for the development of a characterization method of the fracture strength appropriate to the case of this non-linear elastoplastic polymer material. To this end, we used the method of multiple specimens (Single edge notch tension SENT) of thin thickness; we used several identical test pieces containing cracks of the same lengths. The tensile tests wereconducted under different temperatures, ranging …

Optimization Of Wet Sliding Wear Parameters Of Titanium Grade 2 And Grade 5 Bioimplant Materials For Orthopedic Application Using Taguchi Method, Sachin Ganeshrao Solanke, Vivek R. Gaval

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In this research ball on disc wear tests have been carried out on Titanium grade 2 and Titanium grade 5 material using ASTM G-99 standard at room temperature in simulated body fluid. The tribological property such as the weight loss was studied by using the Taguchi design of experiments. The design of experiment was done using an L18 orthogonal array. An analysis of variance demonstrated that the individual contribution such as the applied normal load factor was 91.17% for weight loss, which means it is highest individual contribution as compared to other factors so it was concluded that weight loss …

Open-Source Grinding Machine For Compression Screw Manufacturing, Jacob Franz, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Some of the most promising distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) technical systems use fused particle fabrication (FPF) or fused granular fabrication (FGF), where compression screws force post-consumer waste plastic through a heated nozzle for direct 3D printing. To assist the technical evolution of these systems, this study provided the details of an invention for a low-cost, easily replicable open-source grinding machine for compression screw manufacturing. The system itself can be largely fabricated using FPF/FGF following the self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) methodology. This grinding machine can be made from a cordless cut-off grinder and < $155 in parts. The new invention is demonstrated to be able to cut custom screws with variable (i) channel depths, (ii) screw diameters, (iii) screw lengths, (iv) pitches, (v) abrasive disk thicknesses, (vi) handedness of the screws, (vii) and materials (three types of steel tested: 1045 steel, 1144 steel, and 416 stainless steel). The results show that the device is more than capable of replicating commercial screws as well as providing makers with a much greater flexibility to make custom screws. This invention enables the DRAM toolchain to become even more self-sufficient, which assists the goals of the circular economy.

Querying Recurrent Convoys Over Trajectory Data, Munkh-Erdene Yadamjav, Zhifeng Bao, Baihua Zheng, Farhana M. Choudhury, Hanan Samet

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Moving objects equipped with location-positioning devices continuously generate a large amount of spatio-temporal trajectory data. An interesting finding over a trajectory stream is a group of objects that are travelling together for a certain period of time. Existing studies on mining co-moving objects do not consider an important correlation between co-moving objects, which is the reoccurrence of the movement pattern. In this study, we define a problem of finding recurrent pattern of co-moving objects from streaming trajectories and propose an efficient solution that enables us to discover recent co-moving object patterns repeated within a given time period. Experimental results on …

A Genetic Algorithm To Minimise Number Of Vehicles In An Electric Vehicle Routing Problem, Kiian Leong Bertran Queck, Hoong Chuin Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and charging infrastructure are starting to become commonplace in major cities around the world. For logistics providers to adopt an EV fleet, there are many factors up for consideration, such as route planning for EVs with limited travel range as well as long-term planning of fleet size. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm to perform route planning that minimises the number of vehicles required. Specifically, we discuss the challenges on the violations of constraints in the EV routing problem (EVRP) arising from applying genetic algorithm operators. To overcome the challenges, techniques specific to addressing the …

A Hybrid Framework Using A Qubo Solver For Permutation-Based Combinatorial Optimization, Siong Thye Goh, Sabrish Gopalakrishnan, Jianyuan Bo, Hoong Chuin Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we propose a hybrid framework to solve large-scale permutation-based combinatorial problems effectively using a high-performance quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) solver. To do so, transformations are required to change a constrained optimization model to an unconstrained model that involves parameter tuning. We propose techniques to overcome the challenges in using a QUBO solver that typically comes with limited numbers of bits. First, to smooth the energy landscape, we reduce the magnitudes of the input without compromising optimality. We propose a machine learning approach to tune the parameters for good performance effectively. To handle possible infeasibility, we introduce …

Recent Development In Beta Titanium Alloys For Biomedical Applications, Liang Yu Chen, Yu Wei Cui, Lai-Chang Zhang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. β-type titanium (Ti) alloys have attracted a lot of attention as novel biomedical materials in the past decades due to their low elastic moduli and good biocompatibility. This article provides a broad and extensive review of β-type Ti alloys in terms of alloy design, preparation methods, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility. After briefly introducing the development of Ti and Ti alloys for biomedical applications, this article reviews the design of β-type Ti alloys from the perspective of the molybdenum equivalency (Moeq) method and DV-Xα molecular orbital method. Based on these …

Reach-Scale Model Of Aquatic Vegetation Quantifies N Fate In A Bedrock-Controlled Karst Agroecosystem Stream, Nolan Lewis Bunnell, William I. Ford, Alex W. Fogle, Joseph L. Taraba

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

In-stream fate of nutrients in karst agroecosystems remains poorly understood. The significance of these streams is recognized given spring/surface water confluences have been identified as hotspots for biogeochemical transformations. In slow-moving streams high in dissolved inorganic nutrients, benthic and floating aquatic macrophytes are recognized to proliferate and drastically impact nutrient fate; however, models that quantify coupled interactions between these pools are limited. We present a reach-scale modeling framework of nitrogen dynamics in bedrock-controlled streams that accounts for coupled interactions between hydrology, hydraulics, and biotic dynamics and is validated using a multi-year, biweekly dataset. A fluvial N budget with uncertainty was …

As The Role Of The Driver Changes With Autonomous Vehicle Technology, So, Too, Must The Law Change, Nanci K. Carr

St. Mary's Law Journal

Getting a driver’s license is a highly anticipated rite of passage for most teenagers. Being alone behind the wheel, in control of a 3,000-pound machine, is an honor, a privilege, and a sign of adult responsibility. How will that change when driver’s licenses become licenses “to cause technology to engage” with the increased use of autonomous cars? Will driver’s education courses, with their focus on safety rules and defensive driving techniques, be eliminated if all a vehicle operator needs to do is push a button and the vehicle does the rest? While arguably autonomous cars are safer, they will not …

Arliss Lite: An S4 Pocketqube Falcon 9 Airframe, Ken Biba

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A report authored by Ken Biba titled "ARLISS Lite: An S4 PocketQube Falcon 9 Airframe" from September of 2020.

Self-Learning Algorithm To Predict Indoor Temperature And Cooling Demand From Smart Wifi Thermostat In A Residential Building, Kefan Huang, Kevin Hallinan, Robert Lou, Abdulrahman Alanezi, Salahaldin Alshatshati, Qiancheng Sun

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Smart WiFi thermostats have moved well beyond the function they were originally designed for; namely, controlling heating and cooling comfort in buildings. They are now also learning from occupant behaviors and permit occupants to control their comfort remotely. This research seeks to go beyond this state of the art by utilizing smart WiFi thermostat data in residences to develop dynamic predictive models for room temperature and cooling/heating demand. These models can then be used to estimate the energy savings from new thermostat temperature schedules and estimate peak load reduction achievable from maintaining a residence in a minimum thermal comfort condition. …

Colloidal Silica: Cement Enhancing Admixture Product Evaluation, Lieska Halsey, David Hansen

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

As Class F- fly ash (F-ash) becomes scarce, PCC engineers will look to other supplemental cementitious materials (SCM) to replace F-ash and its ASR mitigating properties. Colloidal silica (CS), or nano-silica, has been shown to mitigate ASR at certain replacement levels; however, CS cannot be a full replacement of F-ash. Engineers at the Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) learned of CS from a presentation given by Intelligent Concrete, Inc. at the 2019 Nebraska Concrete Professionals Association Conference and decided to investigate the potential use of CS in NDOT concrete mix designs.

Evaluation Of Mixtures And Pavement Performance For Rehabilitation Methods, Mohammad Rahmani, Gabriel Nsengiyumva, Yong-Rak Kim, Jiong Hu

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

Pavement rehabilitation practice involves milling an asphalt surface and placing a new layer. The incorporation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures brings cost savings and preserves the environment and natural resources. However, the use of recycled materials can compromise pavement performance, in particular, RAP can contribute to cracking because the mixtures with recycled materials become more brittle. In Nebraska, pavement rehabilitation has mostly been conducted by milling old 4-in. asphalt surface and placing a new 4-in. layer. Due to the potentially increased use of RAP mixtures for pavement rehabilitation, it is necessary to look into potential applications of RAP-induced overlay …