Engineering Commons^™

Ocean Sight One: Mixed Reality Experience, Lucas Michael Reyna

Computer Engineering

Ocean Sight One is an interdisciplinary project group consisting of Cal Poly staff and students from several different departments. It exists to educate the public on the marine ecosystems near the Santa Barbara coastline that is the home of twenty-three abandoned oil rigs. Despite one’s initial reaction to these massive abandoned structures, they actually provide an incredibly diverse dwelling for numerous forms of sea life. The site is a shining beacon for marine ecology researchers trying to formulate how to preserve wildlife in an era of worsening global environmental disruptions. The future of these oil rigs are not certain, as …

Fire Protection And Life Safety Analysis Of The Illinois Department Of Transportation (Idot) District Six Headquarters Building, Karl Mallinger

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

Enclosed in this report is a comprehensive analysis of the fire protection and life safety components of the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) District Six Headquarters building. The original building was constructed in 1972 and renovation operations were recently completed in 2022. The building is four stories in height with an aggregate floor area of approximately 69,300 square feet. The building functions as an office space for IDOT staff, therefore the majority of floor space is used as open office and private office space. The business spaces are supported by assembly spaces such as conference and break rooms on each …

Building San Francisco, Ca, Kevin Nguyen

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

The objective of this report is to conduct a thorough analysis and evaluation of the existing fire life safety and fire protection systems in place at the Building located in San Francisco, California. The building is classified as a Type II-A building and serves predominantly as office space. The building is six stories tall with a total gross area of approximately 97,170 SF.

The initial portion of this report concentrates on a thorough prescriptive-based analysis, which provides an evaluation of the egress design, fire alarm system, communication systems, fire suppression system, structural and construction design, smoke control, and flammability requirements. …

Analysis Of Scramento State University Union, Zachary Schuler

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

Sacramento State Union is a centrally located building with a large occupant load during the school year. This building is a 239,000-square-foot three-story structure built originally back in 1975. This original building was constructed using waffle slab construction. Additions in 1996 and 2016 were built using steel beam and girder construction to meet the total square footage we have today. This mixed-use occupancy is not only a congregation point, but many events are held in this building as well.

In this analysis of the building, fire life safety systems are reviewed and determined if they not only meet the minimum …

University Of Washington Bill & Melinda Gates Center For Computer Science & Engineering, Devin Ide

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

The purpose of this report is to analyze and evaluate the prescriptive and performance-based criteria used to design the fire protection systems installed in the Gates Center for Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington, Seattle Campus. The Gates Center is a five-story building housing business and assembly spaces such as classrooms, workrooms, offices, a lecture hall, event center, and a café. The main architectural feature is a central atrium, which connects the ground, first, second, and third floors of the building.

Aspects of the prescriptive-based fire protection design include egress, automatic sprinkler systems, detection and notification devices, …

Fire Protection And Life Safety Analysis Of The 2704-Hv Hanford Building, Guillermo Rodriguez

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

This report analyzes multiple aspects of fire protection and life safety design for the 2704-HV Building located at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation Site in Washington State. The analysis contained within focuses on both prescriptive and performance-based designs for the fire systems within the structure. The 2704-HV building is a two-story office building containing approximately 90 individual full-office spaces on each floor along with approximately 60 individual cubicle office spaces on each floor. There are various other types of gathering spaces within the 2704-HV layout including: conference rooms, showers, kitchen and dining areas, training rooms, and lobbies.

The 2704-HV building was …

Fire And Life Safety Evaluation Of An Assisted Living And Memory Care Center, Sarah Chandonait

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

This culminating project has been submitted as part of the graduate program in Fire Protection Engineering at Cal Poly. It documents an Assisted Living and Memory Care Center’s compliance with applicable fire safety prescriptions contained in the 2019 California Building and Fire Codes (CBC and CFC). Performance-based methods incorporating deterministic design fires were then used to verify that the final building design and operating procedures met the life safety needs of its unique occupants.

The building under analysis was a 45,000 sq. ft, two-story, 58-bed residential care facility for the elderly. Occupants were all 60 years or older without acute …

Fire Protection Analysis Of A K-12 Classroom Building, Raymond Yip

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

The report evaluates the fire protection features of a K-12 classroom building (Bldg. B) in San Bernardino County, California. Bldg. B is a two-story Type V-A light timber frame construction. At the time of this report’s composition, Bldg. B is undergoing modernization construction. The fire protection analysis of this building consists of prescriptive and performance portions.

The prescriptive analysis verifies the compliance of building egress, passive, and active protection features with the 2019 edition of California Codes of Regulations Title 24 (Title 24) and Title 24-adopted National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards. The analysis comprises of four sections: egress, structural …

Iris Island Culminating Project Report, Cory Wolf

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

This report covers an analysis of each component of the fire protection system within the Iris Island building. The Iris Island building contains several unique features such as a three-story monumental stair on Levels 1 through 3. It also contains several mock court rooms and lecture rooms on Levels 2 and 3 as well as a two-story library on Levels 4 and 5. This document begins with a description of the prescriptive requirements for this building as required by the 2018 edition of the International Building Code. Analysis is performed for the egress systems, the fire resistive construction, the fire …

Thermoplastics Foams: An Automotive Perspective, Sai Aditya Pradeep, Srishti Shukla, Nathaniel Brown, Srikanth Pilla

Publications

The automotive industry has witnessed a massive shift in terms of materials used, ranging from being a metallic heavyweight in the 1950s to employing a hybrid sandwich of multiple material systems. This apparent shift can be attributed to achieving improvements in performance, safety and fuel efficiency, along with responding to the various environmental regulations imposed by different governments. The recent advocacy of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standard of 54.5 MPG by 2025 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [1] has spurred the sector at large towards the use of lightweight materials.

A Fire Protection And Life Safety Analysis Of An Oupatient Healthcare System Building, Conrad Chandler

Fire Protection Engineering: Culminating Experience Project Reports

The subject building of the report is an outpatient healthcare system building that is a two stories in height and 184,670 SF building. This building offers primary, specialty, and mental health outpatient care to patients throughout its state of location.

The facility is a mixed occupancy building with business as the primary occupancy, a surgery suite that classifies as an ambulatory health care occupancy, and assembly uses in the conference rooms, kitchen, and canteen. The Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) has adopted the National Fire Codes (NFC) published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and throughout this report, the life …

The Impact Of Retrofitted Ventilation Approaches On Long-Range Airborne Infection Risk For Lecture Room Environments: Design Stage Methodology And Application, Adam O'Donovan

Publications

There is a continued need to improve the energy (and by extension carbon) performance of the existing building stock in Europe and globally. Recent experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic have demanded even more of the built environment disciplines when it comes to air quality and ventilation rates particularly in teaching environments which are seen as necessary developmental sectors for the learning of the population. As such it is important that these spaces are safe for students and staff where, until now, infectious disease risk assessments were not typical. In addition to this, there is a risk that envelope refurbishment (which …

Analysis Of Arterial Compliance Using A Surrogate Arm Bench Top Model For The Validation Of Oscillometric Blood Pressure Methods, Christopher J. Cunningham

Master's Theses

A study was performed on a recently developed prototype of the Yong-Geddes surrogate arm design to collect compliance data of the various system components and determine the accuracy of measurements made through the bench top model. The study was performed to perceive the effectiveness of the model as a tool for validating non-invasive blood pressure detection monitors. Three stages of testing were performed to gather pressure and volume data from an artificial artery component, a sphygmomanometer, and the surrogate arm system to produce compliance estimations. Mathematical equations from supported arterial hemodynamics studies and clinical trials were applied to the pressure …

Microneedles For Wound Healing, Maya Matheny, Maggie Dubus, Lily Eribes

Bioengineering Senior Theses

Microneedles are a virtually painless and minimally invasive transdermal delivery system comprised of an array of micron-sized needles that can be used to deliver cells, drugs, proteins, and vaccines. However, a major challenge to this delivery method is controlling puncture depth. To advance the microneedle landscape, our project aims to identify and characterize the biomechanical cues between a microneedle puncture and a hydrogel skin phantom for pre-clinical testing A stopper microneedle design that controlled puncture depth into the phantom skin model patch to 150μm was tested on millimeter-thick mold-casted alginate slabs. The hysteresis loop differs in the presence and absence …

Guest Editorial: Special Issue On Green Iot For Future Space–Air–Ground–Ocean-Integrated Networks And Applications, Bo Rong, Mohamed Cheriet, Jon Montalban, Lei Shu, Yi Qian

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a critical role in enabling the seamless integration of disparate devices. Future IoT will rapidly expand its coverage to offer future worldwide omnipresent applications and services by merging communications in diverse spatial domains to build the space–air–ground–ocean-integrated network (SAGOI-Net). SAGOI-Net will include a significant number of battery-powered network nodes, such as satellites, unmanned vehicles, and underwater devices, due to the extremely vast geographic reach and dynamics in free space. Given the battery limitations, high-energy-efficiency communications and networking will be critical to the future system. Green SAGOI-Net seeks to not only bring ubiquitous connectivity to …

On The Measurement Of Nakazima Testing Based Out-Of-Plane Forming Limit Curves Using 2d Digital Image Correlation, Akshat Agha, Fadi Abu-Farha

Publications

The strain compensation method for measuring in-plane forming limit curves (FLCs) using 2D digital image correlation developed previously [A method of measuring in-plane forming limit curves using 2D Digital Image Correlation, SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf., 2023] was modified and extended to more versatile and popular out-of-plane FLCs. The current study introduces a straightforward strain compensation technique for measuring Nakazima testing based out-of-plane FLCs utilizing an affordable single-camera (2D) DIC system. In this study, forming tests are performed on two automotive-grade sheet metal alloys: DP980 steel and a 6xxx series aluminum alloy using the Nakazima test method. The experiments are …

Composites 4.0: Enabling The Modernization Of Legacy Manufacturing Assets In South Carolina, Amit Makarand Deshpande, Gayatri Keskar, Sai Aditya Pradeep, Saeed Farahani, Srikanth Pilla

Publications

Composites 4.0 is the implementation of Industry 4.0 concepts to plastics and composites manufacturing with the goal to overcome the complexities associated with these materials. Due to very complex process-structure-property relationships associated with plastics and composites, a wide range of process parameters need to be tracked and monitored. Furthermore, these parameters are often affected by the tool and machinery, human intervention and variability and should thus, be monitored by integrating intelligence and connectivity in manufacturing systems. Retrofitting legacy manufacturing systems with modern sensing and control systems is emerging as one of the more cost-effective approaches as it circumvents the substantial …

Morphology And Hemodynamics Of Cerebral Arteries And Aneurysms In A Rare Pair Of Monozygotic Twins, Hang Yi, Zifeng Yang, Luke C. Bramlage, Bryan R. Ludwig

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

In this preliminary study, the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms of cerebral aneurysms (CAs) in monozygotic twins (MTs) were investigated via a rare pair of MTs (twin A and twin B) involving four reconstructed arterial models using preclinical information. First, dimensions and configurated outlines of three-perspective geometries were compared. Adopting an in-vitro validated numerical CA model, hemodynamic characteristics were investigated in the MTs, respectively. Despite expected genetic similarities, morphological comparisons show that configurations of cerebral arteries exhibit significant differences between the twins. The ICA size of twin A is larger than that in twin B (2.23~25.86%), varying with specific locations, attributing to …

V2g Optimization For Dispatchable Residential Load Operation And Minimal Utility Cost, Rosemary E. Alden, Ashutosh Timilsina, Simone Silvestri, Dan M. Ionel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Research

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity among consumers and are expected to play a significant role in the future of transportation. Within this paper, a reverse auction is formulated through an optimization problem to minimize the utility energy cost using Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation, as well as transition residential communities to dispatchable aggregate constant load profiles for demand response (DR). The evolution-ary V2G Auction (eV2GA), including the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), is proposed for the formulated problem. It uses co-simulation with OpenDSS for power flow analysis as part of the objective function to account for physical constraints of infrastructure on …

Electric Water Heater Modeling For Large-Scale Distribution Power Systems Studies With Energy Storage Cta-2045 Based Vpp And Cvr, Rosemary E. Alden, Huangjie Gong, Tim Rooney, Brian Branecky, Dan M. Ionel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Research

As the smart grid involves more new technologies such as electric vehicles (EVs) and distributed energy resources (DERs), more attention is needed in research to general energy storage (GES) based energy management systems (EMS) that account for all possible load shifting and control strategies, specifically with major appliances that are projected to continue electrification such as the electric water heater (EWH). In this work, a methodology for a modified single-node model of a resistive EWH is proposed with improved internal tank temperature for user comfort modeling and capabilities for conservation voltage reduction (CVR) simulations as well as Energy Star and …

Graphite: Open Source 2d Graphics Editor, Christopher H. Mendoza, Oliver A. Dolan

Computer Science and Software Engineering

Graphite is an open source 2D graphics editor aiming to provide a useful alternative to the Adobe product suite while integrating modern ideas from research and industry, including a node-based procedural approach that makes the design process fully non-destructive. Tools from the VFX and gamedev industry like Nuke, Houdini, and Substance Designer have proven the power and flexibility of node-based systems, but they are each lacking in their user experience because of the deep level of complexity that is not abstracted into simpler concepts for users (Adobe Systems, SideFX, The Foundry Visionmongers Ltd., n.d.). Graphite puts the node-based core into …

Experimental And Machine Learning Studies On Chitosan-Polyacrylamide Copolymers For Selective Separation Of Metal Sulfides In The Froth Flotation Process, Keitumetse Monyake, Taihao Han, Danish Ali, Lana Z. Alagha, Aditya Kumar

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The froth flotation process is extensively used for the selective separation of valuable base metal sulfides from uneconomic associated minerals. However, in this complex multiphase process, various parameters need to be optimized to ensure separation selectivity and peak performance. In this study, two machine learning (ML) models, artificial neural network (ANN) and random forests (RF), were used to predict the efficiency of in-house synthesized chitosan-polyacrylamide copolymers (C-PAMs) in the depression of iron sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite) while valuable base metal sulfides (i.e., galena and chalcopyrite) were floated using nine flotation variables as inputs to the models. The prediction performance of …

Compliance Requirements For Eu Market- The Ce Marking, M G Sathyendra Mr.

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

This article is a simple overview of the CE compliance process useful for startups and manufacturers. It covers the entire process and dos and don’ts while obtaining a CE mark.

Hydrogen-Bonding Trends In A Bithiophene With 3- And/Or 4-Pyridyl Substituents, Alison M. Costello, Rebekah Duke, Stephanie Sorensen, Nadeesha Kothalawala, Moses Ogbaje, Nandini Sarkar, Doo Young Kim, Chad Risko, Sean Parkin, Aron J. Huckaba

UK CARES Faculty Publications

To improve the charge-carrier transport capabilities of thin-film organic materials, the intermolecular electronic couplings in the material should be maximized. Decreasing intermolecular distance while maintaining proper orbital overlap in highly conjugated aromatic molecules has so far been a successful way to increase electronic coupling. We attempted to decrease the intermolecular distance in this study by synthesizing cocrystals of simple benzoic acid coformers and dipyridyl-2,2′- bithiophene molecules to understand how the coformer identity and pyridine N atom placement affected solid-state properties. We found that with the 5-(3-pyridyl)-5′-(4-pyridyl)-isomer, the 4- pyridyl ring interacted with electrophiles and protons more strongly. Synthesized cocrystal powders …

A Low Cost Iot-Based Arabic License Plate Recognition Model For Smart Parking Systems, Mohammad Mahmoud Abdellatif, Noura Hany Elshabasy, Ahmed Emam Elashmawy, Mohamed Abdelraheem

Electrical Engineering

License Plate Recognition is one of the significant enablers that can be utilized in wide range of applications in ITS and smart cities. The proposed design relies on three image processing stages to achieve license plate identification with high accuracy which are pre-processing, segmentation, and character recognition. The canny edge detection method with various thresholds, contour detection, and masking techniques are used to locate the car edges and license plate. In the experiment presented in this paper, 200 images were used to identify Egyptian car plates. The model successfully identified Arabic license plates with 93% accuracy. A prototype is implemented …

Embodied Energy And Carbon Footprint Of Concrete Compared To Other Construction Materials, Hector Estrada, Luke Lee

All Faculty Articles - School of Engineering and Computer Science

The main objective of infrastructure design codes is to protect the public’s welfare, health, and safety, none of which appear directly related to the current sustainability movement that has focused on protecting the natural environment, conserving resources, and minimizing the toxicity of construction materials and processes. Some United States jurisdictions have adopted language related to sustainability based on the United States Green Building Council to curtail adverse effects of global climate change, minimize environmental impact of new construction of built assets (i.e., buildings and infrastructure), and in some cases, improve air quality in the community. The focus of this paper …

Evaluation Of Metaverse Traffic Safety Implementations Using Fuzzy Einstein Based Logarithmic Methodology Of Additive Weights And Topsis Method, Muhammet Deveci, Dragan Pamucar, Ilgin Gokasar, Mario Köppen, Brij B. Gupta, Tugrul Daim

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

As the Metaverse’s popularity grows, its effect on everyday problems is beginning to be discussed. The upcoming Metaverse world will influence the transportation system as cross-border lines blur due to rapid globalization. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of the Metaverse and its alternatives to traffic safety, as well as to prioritize its advantages. The case study is based on a densely populated metropolis with an extensive education system. The city’s decision-makers will have to weigh the pros and cons of the Metaverse’s effect on traffic safety. To illustrate the complex forces that drive the decision-making …

Drop Test Release Mechanism, Sophie M. Getty, Matthew A. Tichenor, Nash W. Levy, Connor D. Dilloughery

Mechanical Engineering

Many boxes for shipping undergo drop tests by the manufacturer to ensure their durability. Certain constraints are necessary to successfully carry out these tests such as not damaging the box prior to the drop and maintaining consistency throughout every drop.

Our team has designed a Drop Test Release Mechanism that addresses these constraints. It provides repetitive drops for different objects that vary in shape and size such as small electronics or parts. This device utilizes a soft-clamping mechanism that can release an object with minimal force applied onto it prior to drop. A frame made of 80/20 was designed to …

Animatronic Monarch Butterfly: Mechanical System, Janine Rae Moreno, Enrico Cruz, Alexia Murphy, Lakshmanan Muthukaruppan

Mechanical Engineering

This report describes the design, manufacturing, and design verification of an interactive animatronic monarch butterfly created by a team of mechanical and computer engineering students for the Girl Scouts of California's Central Coast. The purpose of the project is to engage Girl Scouts in learning about monarch butterflies and provide hands-on experience in robotics and STEM. The report covers design changes, manufacturing processes, and assembly of various components, including the butterfly body, wings, legs, and electronic housing. The software and electronics used in the project are also briefly discussed, as the computer engineering team was responsible for the software and …

Cooled Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber, Benjamin Gibson, Kealan Frederick Harris, Ryan Frank Schackel, Bjorn Thorsen

Mechanical Engineering

Cooling may affect the thrust output of a small-scale rocket. Little research is published about small-scale rocket performance. We hypothesize the thrust produced varies as the amount of cooling varies. To facilitate assessing this hypothesis, we have designed and built a liquid rocket engine rated for at approximately 25 lb_f of thrust. Our objective was to build in parallel with Cal Poly Space Systems, who built a rocket engine with similar specifications except without cooling. Our challenge is to integrate film cooling, so that the effects of cooling may be compared to Cal Poly Space System’s engine which has …