Engineering Commons^™

Natural Resource Pricing And Economic Development, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In a competitive equilibrium the price of a natural resource will be increasing at a rate equal to the social time preference rate, but in a monopoly market, the price will be increasing at less than social time preference rate. If the producer countries utilise their monopoly of production and sale of a natural resource for the purpose of developing their economies, the price of the natural resource will be growing at the rate at which the producer countries' economies are growing, whether or not the sales proceeds are used to finance their investment programmes, fully or partly.

Optimum Control Of Heating, Ventilating And Air Conditioning Systems, Terry R. Weaver

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The control of HVAC systems has traditionally been performed by relatively simple field hardware. The industry appears, however, to be ready for the use of more sophisticated measures. The paper presents several approaches to the conservation of energy in this area with the use of closed-loop computer control and optimization.

Coal Conversion Technology, Karen A. Dollar, Henry Allen Wiebe

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy consumption is rapidly increasing throughout the world and the United States is no exception. Efforts to reduce the dependence on oil imports have focused on utilization of our coal resources. This paper examines various coal conversion processes and presents a method for evaluating their contribution to energy production.

Designing Fire Protection For Steel Columns, Subcommittee On Fire Technology, Committee On Construction Codes And Standards

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Ole Miss Engineer 1975

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

A Guide To Preparing Research Reports And Technical Talks, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This manual has been prepared to provide guidance to writers of technical reports which are to be issued by the Division of Research, Kentucky Bureau of Highways. Concepts of technical report writing are presented. Specific instructions concerning the preparation and submission of reports for review are also presented. Appendices included provide rules for grammar, punctuation, etc. which cause engineer-writers particular problems.

Effects Of Water On Slope Stability, Tommy C. Hopkins, David L. Allen, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A brief state-of-the-art review of the effects of water on slope stability and the techniques for analysis is presented. The effective stress principle and basic considerations of slope stability, including design factors of safety, are discussed briefly. The derivations and effects of seepage forces and rapid drawdown on effective stress are also presented. Various conditions of external loading produce changes in effective stress. These changes are discussed and limiting conditions which should be analyzed are mentioned.

Limitations of total stress analyses are discussed in detail. It appears that, for soils having a liquidity index of 0.36 or greater (normally consolidated), …

The Generation Of Synthetic Speech Sounds By Digital Coding, Eddy Alan Steinberger

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The feasibility of representing human speech by serial digital codes was investigated by exercising specially constructed digital logic coupled with standard audio output equipment. The theories being tested represent a radical departure from previous efforts in the field of speech research. Therefore, this initial investigation was limited in scope to a study of unconnected English language speech sounds at the phenome level. The experiments were conducted in two parts, with the first being the development of serialized digital codes, for selected speech sounds, derived from actual human speech. The second part was to synthesize these sounds using the specially constructed …

An Engineering Solution To Improve Water Quality In A Tidal Lagoon, Richard Warren Price

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Rising demand for better water quality stimulated research and development of ways to improve the quality level in existing as well as proposed water systems. At present, most of the solutions focus on biological and chemical processes.

Many natural or man-made water bodies act as receivers for both point and non-point pollution sources. Employment of biological and chemical treatment has proved successful in many of these cases; however, in some cases a more natural physical solution of an engineering mode would be more desirable. A "flushing" technique using the tidal fluctuation as a driving force has been investigated and the …

An Analysis Of The Passenger Vehicle Interface Of Street Transit Systems With Applications To Design Optimization, Walter H. Kraft

Dissertations

This research analyzes the Passenger Vehicle Interface of the street transit systems and presents applications for design optimization. The Passenger Vehicle Interface (PVI) is defined as the interaction between the passenger and vehicle elements of the street transit system.

Human observer and photographic studies were conducted in 17 cities in the United States and Canada to measure the time for queues of passengers to board various transit vehicles. The data were analyzed by considering seven factors that affect the Passenger Vehicle Interface: Human Factor, Modal Factor, Operating Practices, Operating Policies, Mobility, Climate and Weather, and Other System Elements. Those effects …

The Chemical Effect Of Ultrasound On Cyanide Solutions, Nabil R. Zaki

Theses

An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the chemical effects of high intensity ultrasonic radiation on cyanide solutions. The effects of aeration, concentration of cyanide and temperatures on the reaction rate are investigated. The experiment was preformed in a 30 mm pyrex tube immersed at a fixed height in a constant volume water bath. Ultrasonic energy was applied through the use of a transducer epoxied at the bottom of the water bath. The power inputs to the transducer were 40W (27KHz) and 100W (21KHz).

At a power of 40W, ultrasound had no chemical effect on cyanide solutions. At 100W, hydrogen …

Simultaneous Measurement Of Longitudinal Velocity And Temperature Fluctuations With A Single Wire In Non-Isothermal Flow, P. J. Mcconachie, K. J. Bullock

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

A method for measuring longitudinal velocity and temperature fluctuations with a single wire probe is presented and the principles of operation verified by an analog computer solution of the finite hot wire, anemometer control and signal processor equations. Examination of the basic equations reveals that such a probe is best suited to the study of turbulent water flows, thus allowing high Reynolds numbers to be attained without limitations on frequency response. Inherent sources of error are investigated and the method shown to be reliant mainly on the initial accuracy of wire calibration.

Front Matter, University Of Missouri--Rolla

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

No abstract provided.

Non-Isothermal Mercury Pipe Flow Turbulent Characteristics, T. W. Flaherty, L. L. Eyler, A. Sesonske

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The turbulence structure of fully-developed mercury pipe flow, with and without heat transfer, was studied using hot-film anemometry at Reynolds number of approximately 50,000. Single sensors and slanted multiple sensors were used to obtain the radial distribution of axial fluctuating velocity and temperature quantities. Isothermal data were generally in good agreement with comparable air data indicating similar velocity structure. Temperature intensity data agreed with other data in liquid metals.

Axial and radial turbulent heat flux results were somewhat inconclusive. Spectra and turbulence scales were developed providing a picture of the structure.

Energy Spectrum And Turbulent Scales In A Plane Air Jet, V. W. Goldschmidt, M. F. Young

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The energy spectra and longitudinal length scales measured in a free plane jet are presented. The actual convective velocity was used in determining the scales. The results show a universal spectral distribution along the axis but no obvious similarity in the large scale motion off the axis. The results are limited to x/D < 60. The measured scales suggest a noticeable increase of the microscale along the lateral coordinate but an essentially constant value along the axis. However the macroscales, increasing linearly along the axis do not show any similarity off the axis.

Two-Point, Two Component, Velocity Measurements In Turbulent Pipe Flow, J. S. Cintra Jr., B. G. Jones

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

An experimental study of the turbulent velocity field structure was performed in a pipe flow. The primary objective of this study was to provide a detailed velocity field structure, under isothermal conditions, for use as a reference condition for later investigations of the interactions between fluctuating velocity and temperature fields, under non-isothermal conditions, in turbulent pipe flow.

Two-point, two-component (u₁ and u₂) velocity correlation measurements were made with hot-film ('x' probes) anemometers separated in the radial direction as well as two-point axial component correlation measurements with axial separation.

The fluctuating signals were analyzed digitally and both space …

Unidimensional Turbulence In A Sheet Flow Under Rainfall - A Stochastic Analysis, H. L. Shahabian, A. Giorgini, J. W. Delleur, A. R. Rao

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Probability distributions of longitudinal velocity fluctuations are presented for cases with and without rainfall. They deviate from the normal distribution. These velocity fluctuations are fitted by an autoregressive - moving average process. The process explains adequately the variance of the series.

Measurement Of Both Gas And Particle Velocity In Turbulent Two-Phase Flow, D. E. Stock, J. T. Jurewicz, C. T. Crowe, J. E. Eschbach

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

A laser-Doppler anemometer was used to measure the velocity of both the gas and particles in a turbulent two-phase flow for conditions when the distribution of the velocities of the two phases overlaps. The velocities from the two phases are separated by comparing the Doppler amplitude to the pedestal amplitude. Results of the measure of the gas-particle flow downstream of a nozzle mounted in a circular pipe are presented.

Elucidation Of Burst Phenomena In Turbulent Boundary Layers Through Coherent Structure, W. W. Willmarth

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The present knowledge of the turbulent structure of boundary layers is reviewed and summarized. The work of several primary investigators of the bursting phenomenon is discussed. Models for the coherent structure are proposed based on the results of these investigations.

Hot-Film Anemometry In Air-Water Flow, J. M. Delhaye, J. P. Galaup

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The paper presents local measurements of void fraction and liquid velocity in a steady-state air- water bubbly flow at atmospheric pressure. Use is made of a constant temperature anemometer and of a conical hot-film probe.

The signal is processed with a multi-channel analyzer. Void fraction and liquid velocities are determined from the amplitude histogram of the signal.

The integrated void fraction over a diameter is compared with the average void fraction along the same diameter obtained with a γ-ray absorption method.

The liquid volumetric flow-rate is calculated from the void fraction and liquid velocity profiles and compared with the indication …

Red Blood Cells And Turbulence, E. F. Blick, H. N. Sabban, P. D. Stein

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Measurements were made of the turbulence intensity of blood of various hematocrits (volume percentage of red cells in blood) flowing through an orifice. The maximum relative turbulence intensity was found to occur in the hematocrit range of 20% - 30%.

The Influence Of Suction On Energy Distribution In Fully Established Turbulent Pipe Flow, M. Schildknecht, J. A. Miller, G. E. A. Meier

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The influence of suction on the structure of turbulence in fully established pipe flow has been experimentally investigated. Extensive hot-wire measurements indicate major alterations in the turbulent energy distribution, particularly in the wall layers result from mild suction rates, less than 5 percent of the mean mass flow.

Turbulence Effects Upon Laser Propagation In The Marine Boundary Layer, K. L. Davidson, T. M. Houlihan

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Shipboard measurements of small scale temperature and velocity fluctuations have been accomplished to determine optical wave propagation properties of the marine boundary layer. Measurements were recorded for ocean conditions in Monterey Bay and in the confines of the Pacific Missile Range. Laser beam propagation measurements were performed in conjunction with the meteorological measurements.

Session Chairman Introductory Remarks, R. J. Hansen

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Laser Anemometer Signals And Frequency Demodulators For Highly Seeded Flows, R. V. Edwards

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

An analysis of the general characteristics of laser anemometer signals for liquid flows is made. Three detection schemes are analyzed:
(1) Spectral analysis of the photodetector output,
(2) frequency trackers, and
(3) counters
Where known, the strengths and weakness of each method are analyzed.

Spatial Filtering In Laser Anemometry, L. Lading

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The concept of spatial filtering is treated in relation to laser anemometry. The basic techniques are analyzed. Recommendations for specific set-ups are given.

Measurement Of Turbulence Power Spectra In Agitated Vessels Of Different Size With A Laser-Doppler Velocimeter, K. Van Der Molen, H. R. E Van Maanen

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

We have used the laser-Doppler velocimeter with a new noise reduction technique for measurements in water-filled, turbine-agitated vessels of several sizes, but of the same geometry. Mean velocities, turbulence intensities and turbulence power spectra were obtained in the impeller stream region.

With these results we hope, in the future, to put scaling rules for mixing vessels on a sounder basis.

Periodic And Random Excitation Of Streamlined Structures By Trailing Edge Flows, W. K. Blake

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

This paper is an examination of semi-empirical techniques which are shown to be effective in predicting the response of hydrofoils to flow excitation. Examples are given for buffeting by inflow turbulence, excitation by the boundary-layer pressures on the hydrofoil, and linear and non-linear excitation by vortex street formation in the wake. Co-ordinated aerodynamic and hydrodynamic measurements are used in Reynolds number - scaled experiments to determine both the flow induced forces and the hydro-elastic behavior on cantilever struts. An analytical formulation based on normal mode theory is used to combine the results.

An Investigation Of The Criteria Controlling Sustained Self-Excited Oscillations Of Cylinders In Flowing Water, R. King

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

In this paper, water channel experimental data are discussed and compared with conventional wind-tunnel data. Stability criteria are proposed for the cross-flow and flow directions of oscillation. Fluctuating drag force coefficients are deduced from a linear mathematical representation of the cylinder located in flowing water and oscillating in the flow direction.

Measurement Of The Low-Wavenumber Component Of Turbulent Boundary Layer Pressure Spectral Density, P. W. Jameson

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

This paper describes an experiment in which the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) over a flat plate excites bending waves in that plate predominantly through low-wavenumber components in the pressure field having the same wavenumber as the bending waves of the plate. The plate design is such that contributions to the bending waves from the convective peak of the TBL pressure and from acoustic noise are minimal. The level of response of individual modes of the plate is used to measure the intensity of these low-wavenumber spectral components in the TBL wall pressure.