Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (40978)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (39916)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (36826)
- Mechanical Engineering (30105)
- Computer Engineering (25675)
-
- Computer Sciences (17350)
- Materials Science and Engineering (16716)
- Chemical Engineering (14175)
- Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering (13849)
- Civil Engineering (11817)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (11503)
- Aerospace Engineering (11138)
- Education (8222)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (8032)
- Environmental Sciences (6967)
- Life Sciences (6323)
- Arts and Humanities (6246)
- Environmental Engineering (6139)
- Transportation Engineering (5927)
- Engineering Science and Materials (5728)
- Electrical and Electronics (5710)
- Energy Systems (5642)
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (5413)
- Other Mechanical Engineering (5097)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (4754)
- Geotechnical Engineering (4591)
- Mining Engineering (4566)
- Construction Engineering and Management (4463)
- Business (4359)
- Institution
-
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (21751)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (11227)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (7981)
- University of Kentucky (6351)
- Purdue University (6329)
-
- Air Force Institute of Technology (5718)
- Utah State University (5445)
- Brigham Young University (4855)
- Old Dominion University (4728)
- Technological University Dublin (4608)
- University of Central Florida (4586)
- New Jersey Institute of Technology (4293)
- China Simulation Federation (3880)
- Chulalongkorn University (3655)
- Wright State University (3445)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (3306)
- University of Texas at Arlington (3180)
- TÜBİTAK (3106)
- Engineering Conferences International (2957)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (2873)
- Louisiana State University (2821)
- Portland State University (2764)
- Michigan Technological University (2631)
- Clemson University (2610)
- University of South Carolina (2363)
- University of Texas at El Paso (2169)
- Marquette University (2091)
- Chinese Chemical Society | Xiamen University (2029)
- Washington University in St. Louis (1829)
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group (CCTEG) (1799)
- Keyword
-
- Engineering (2859)
- Machine learning (1443)
- Optimization (1218)
- Simulation (1173)
- Applied sciences (1099)
-
- Construction (903)
- Design (874)
- Sustainability (871)
- Machine Learning (836)
- Deep learning (810)
- Modeling (746)
- Additive manufacturing (579)
- Concrete (546)
- Safety (535)
- Computer Science (531)
- Architecture (525)
- Artificial intelligence (509)
- Building (499)
- Nanoparticles (481)
- Robotics (477)
- Education (466)
- CFD (450)
- UAV (443)
- Corrosion (442)
- Energy (442)
- Engineering education (425)
- Conference (411)
- ASME (401)
- Proceedings (401)
- Mechanical Engineering (391)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (5653)
- 2025 (8631)
- 2024 (9262)
- 2023 (9782)
- 2022 (9363)
-
- 2021 (9985)
- 2020 (10651)
- 2019 (10504)
- 2018 (8953)
- 2017 (8351)
- 2016 (9613)
- 2015 (7536)
- 2014 (7263)
- 2013 (7300)
- 2012 (6318)
- 2011 (5831)
- 2010 (5397)
- 2009 (4161)
- 2008 (4190)
- 2007 (3831)
- 2006 (3388)
- 2005 (3070)
- 2004 (2780)
- 2003 (2065)
- 2002 (1790)
- 2001 (1793)
- 1999 (1305)
- 1998 (1356)
- 1993 (1342)
- 1991 (1363)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (11527)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (4148)
- Masters Theses (3926)
- Journal of System Simulation (3880)
- Theses (3481)
-
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works (3478)
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (3402)
- Faculty Publications (3298)
- Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (3106)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (2554)
- International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering (2055)
- Journal of Electrochemistry (2029)
- Master's Theses (2027)
- Dissertations (1885)
- Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report (1820)
- Doctoral Dissertations (1809)
- Coal Geology & Exploration (1799)
- International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (1566)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (1499)
- Articles (1409)
- Browse all Theses and Dissertations (1369)
- Open Access Theses & Dissertations (1323)
- Computer Science & Engineering Syllabi (1312)
- LSU Master's Theses (1307)
- Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan (1299)
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works (1282)
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works (1268)
- Publications (1257)
- All Theses (1247)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (1238)
- Publication Type
Articles 183691 - 183720 of 197022
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Tool For Developing Diagnostics For A Digital Switching System, David G. Tagge
A Tool For Developing Diagnostics For A Digital Switching System, David G. Tagge
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Testing large digital systems is difficult. Throughout the literature on “design for testability,” the existence of diagnostic software is assumed. However, developing such software is a significant task. A hardware test fixture was developed to assist in the development of diagnostic software for a Stromberg-Carlson Corporation switching system. Two circuit boards were designed, constructed, and debugged.
Thmfp Reduction In Potable Water Using Granular Activated Carbon With And Without Pre-Ozonation, Rebecca M. Ciliax
Thmfp Reduction In Potable Water Using Granular Activated Carbon With And Without Pre-Ozonation, Rebecca M. Ciliax
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the effectiveness of using granular activated carbon (GAC) to reduce trihalomethane formation potential (TIIMFP) in potable water . The City of Melbourne , Florida was chosen as a study site due to excessive levels of THM's in the finished water (greater than the 0.1 mg/1 standard). A pilot plant s tudy lasting 473 days included two GAC column systems : one receiving unozonated water, the other ozonated water. The water used in these experiments was obtained from Lake Washington, a highly colored surface water source which supplies Melbourne . The water applied to the GAC columns was …
Level Curve Concept For Facility Planning Using The Apple Ii Graphics Tablet, Craig E. Kirkland
Level Curve Concept For Facility Planning Using The Apple Ii Graphics Tablet, Craig E. Kirkland
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of using a low cost microcomputer graphics system to assist the practicing engineer in solving facility planning problems. In many cases the lower resolution of the microcomputer system may be adequate and a better choice than a more expensive system. A demonstration microcomputer graphics system was developed using the Apple II Plus computer and an Apple Graphics Tablet. The facility planning problem chosen was single-facility location using the level curve concept in the rectilinear movement case. Two separate programs were written. The first was used to define the layout of …
Data Acquisition And Analysis Routines For Laser Propagation Experiments, Steven M. Burke
Data Acquisition And Analysis Routines For Laser Propagation Experiments, Steven M. Burke
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Processing and analysis routines giving normalized moments of optical intensity, structure functions of wind velocity and temperature, central moments, and various measures of the turbulence parameter, C2N, are presented. Rapid analog-to-digital data conversion and storage to implement this analysis using MINC 11/23 with RT11 operating system are discussed. Coding for file organization and implementation of processing routines on the VAX 11/750, VMS operating system are also discussed.
Metal Leaching Characteristics Of Three Synthetically Generated Metal Finishing Sludges, Christopher M. Cherniak
Metal Leaching Characteristics Of Three Synthetically Generated Metal Finishing Sludges, Christopher M. Cherniak
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
A study was performed involving the leaching characteristics of three synthetically-generated metal finishing sludges. Three precipitates (one hydroxide, two sulfide-based) containing varying concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc were dewatered and subjected to an EPA-regulated limits. The sludge generated from an insoluble sulfide process exhibited the fewest parameters in violation (two), while the soluble sulfide sludge had one metal in compliance and the hydroxide sludge had none. On a metal-by-metal basis, the lead and copper exhibited the greatest capacity to withstand resolubilization in a low pH (5) environment. Nickel and zinc were present at the highest leachate concentrations …
An Automated System For University Placement Center Interview Scheduling And Database Management, John C. Debo
An Automated System For University Placement Center Interview Scheduling And Database Management, John C. Debo
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
As the University of Central Florida grows, the number of students using the placement center increases and the number of prospective employers conducting interviews also increases rapidly. The present system for scheduling interviews and maintaining records on students and employers is time and paperwork intensive, and is falling behind the load.
The system described in this paper is designed to do most of the interaction with students seeking interviews to aid the staff in scheduling the employers' interviewing days, and to do most of the record keeping of eligible students and prospective employers.
The several program modules are written in …
Fast-Flyback Mirror Scanner, Raymond E. Hanna
Fast-Flyback Mirror Scanner, Raymond E. Hanna
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
The system analysis and computer simulation for a fast-flyback mirror scanning system is presented. Mirror dynamic equations are developed to define the torque requirements for the drive motor. Electromechanical modeling and Laplace transforms are formulated to develop system equations for computer simulation. From the computer simulation, the servo performance parameters are selected for the servo loop to complete the design.
An Evaluation Of Wheelchair Restraint Systems Used In The Transportation Of Disabled Persons, Robin L. Drespel
An Evaluation Of Wheelchair Restraint Systems Used In The Transportation Of Disabled Persons, Robin L. Drespel
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
There has been a significant effort to provide disabled persons with increased independence and mobility. The federal government requires that transportation facilities be made accessible to the disabled, and the number of handicapped persons using these facilities is expected to increase significantly in the future. Restraint systems have been required for passenger cars since the 1960s, and considerable effort has been dedicated to increasing public awareness of the benefits of seat belt usage. Little effort has been devoted to the development of restraint systems for individuals who must use wheelchairs as vehicle seats. A survey was conducted in the Central …
Sampling Rate Conversion As Applied To Speech, Terry E. Tanzey
Sampling Rate Conversion As Applied To Speech, Terry E. Tanzey
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
There are several different ways to perform sampling rate conversion. Two methods for sampling rate conversion are discussed in this paper. The first is the interpolator method (ideal) which uses the interpolation formula. The word “ideal” is used in the sense that given other forms of interpolation, the most accurate results are achieved by using the interpolation formula. Given samples of bandlimited analog signal taken at a rate at least twice the Nyquist frequency, it is possible to reconstruct the original analog signal by using the interpolation formula. The second is the traditional way of sampling rate conversion, which is …
New Non-Linear Fm Pulse-Compression Technique For Radar Applications, Ronald A. Booher
New Non-Linear Fm Pulse-Compression Technique For Radar Applications, Ronald A. Booher
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
The development of pulsed type radar signals is examined, with a brief review of matched filtering. Gated RF, linear and non-linear FM pulse-compression (chirp) and matched filtering of radar signals is reviewed in depth. Emphasis is given to identifying the desirable characteristics of each method. A new method of non-linear FM pulse-compression is introduced; it utilizes the Eigen Function (a form of the raised-cosine family) of functions) as its modulating term. Its properties are then compared to those of the linear and non-linear systems reviewed in the preceding sections. Design considerations for implementation on a surface acoustic wave device are …
A Logic Simulator Interface, John D. Lofgren
A Logic Simulator Interface, John D. Lofgren
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
A software interface between a firmware documentation system and a logic simulator named TEGAS-51 is described. The interface accepts PALASM2 inputs for PAL files. The output is an ASCII file which defines the firmware parts in TEGAS-5 format. Modules are written in FORTRAN and command routines are written in DCL on VAX 11/780 machines. No system calls are required, so portability is maintained. Limitations include the inability to load two different programs in identical firmware parts on the same design, but this can be overcome.
1GE/Calma Corporation trademark
2MMI Corporation trademark
Optimum Input Impedance For An Electro-Oculometer, Robert A. Solomon
Optimum Input Impedance For An Electro-Oculometer, Robert A. Solomon
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
A High Level Programming Language And Compiler For The Heathkit Et-18 Hero Robot, Daniel. Fischoff
A High Level Programming Language And Compiler For The Heathkit Et-18 Hero Robot, Daniel. Fischoff
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Robots are being used extensively i• n industry to increase the productivity and flexibility of manufacturing operations. Personnel must be trained to operate industrial robots safely and effectively. Many educational robotic systems have been developed, but these devices usually lack the high level programming language capabilities found on modern industrial robots. The Heathkit Hero Robot is an educational robotic system. A high level language was developed for the robot to make the Hero a more effective educational device. The high level language and compiler operate on an IBM Personal Computer, allowing robot programs to be written offline without interrupting the …
The Application Of Value Analysis Techniques To Service Organizations, David M. Richardson
The Application Of Value Analysis Techniques To Service Organizations, David M. Richardson
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
This research involves review of value analysis and value engineering techniques and application of these techniques to a service organization. Application of value analysis techniques to service organizations required some modification due to the amount of labor intensive, manual operations typical of many service industries. The modified value analysis methodology was applied to a fueling operation performed by Kennedy Space Center as part of their space shuttle operations. The successful application of this technique illustrated that value analysis methodology can be applied to service organizations with slight modifications.
A Computer Program To Design Reinforcement For Concrete Beams Subjected To Torsion, James E. Schwarz
A Computer Program To Design Reinforcement For Concrete Beams Subjected To Torsion, James E. Schwarz
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
A concrete beam is rarely subjected to pure torsion loading. However, in many design applications a beam is subjected to torsional loads in addition to bending and shear loading. The American Concrete Institute has developed a specification for the design of beams subjected to torsion. These specifications are found in ACI 318-83. In this research report, a computer program is presented, using these specifications, which will aid engineers in the design of reinforcement for concrete beams subjected to torsional loading. The provisions of the ACI 318-83 specification and their implementation into the computer program are presented. A sample problem is …
Data Compilation And Statistical Analysis Of Bachelor Of Science In Engineering Graduates At The University Of Central Florida, June A. Hagerty
Data Compilation And Statistical Analysis Of Bachelor Of Science In Engineering Graduates At The University Of Central Florida, June A. Hagerty
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
The College of Engineering at the University of Central Florida (UCF) required a data set containing the Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) graduates from 1970 on, to be updated each semester. The data set was created in 1984, through the use of the Statistical Analysis System/Full-Screen Product (SAS/FSP), a computer system which allows for easy access to and editing of data values, and the use of SAS programming for statistical analysis of the data set. The data set presently (1985) contains 1483 observations each with 70 variables, such as personal information (age, social security number, ethnic origin), degree information …
The Effects Of Magnetic Flux On Suspended Particles In Seawater, Mohammed A. Nehme
The Effects Of Magnetic Flux On Suspended Particles In Seawater, Mohammed A. Nehme
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetic devices on the precipitates in a condenser’s tubes when seawater is used as cooling water. This test was necessary to evaluate these devices as possible replacements for conventional methods of water treatment. In the test program, a small condenser was operated with conditions similar to utility condensers. This condenser was modified to include twelve tubes. The inlet water box was divided to provide for two parallel magnetic water treatment streams, and one control untreated water stream for comparison purposes. With and without the use of a magnetic device, the chemical …
Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors For A Large Electric Power Generator, Daniel A. Lester
Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors For A Large Electric Power Generator, Daniel A. Lester
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Fiber optic temperature sensors are excellent candidates for monitoring the temperature along the stator windings of a large electric power generator. Unlike thermocouple thermometers, they are immune to the effects of strong magnetic fields which are present in all power generators. Several different point and line sensors have been evaluated in their ability to resolve temperature and temperature distribution (respectively), as well as their compatibility with the generator environment. The sensor must function inside the generator for long periods of time (up to 25 years) without benefit of recalibration. This constraint has required us to devise methods by which the …
Multi-Computer Communication With Shared Memory, Jane N. Chang
Multi-Computer Communication With Shared Memory, Jane N. Chang
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes a design for a multi-computer communication system using a shared memory. The design is implemented using the Motorola EXORset 30/DS35 development systems. The primary use for the shared memory is to act as a message center similar to a mailbox, where each computer can leave messages for other computers and also pick up messages from other computers. Status word residing in shared memory, called semaphore, are used to indicate the condition of the mailbox. Each computer polls unique semaphores associated with unique message transfers when requesting to send a message or to receive a message.
Uhf Frequency Synthesizer, Christopher W. Shenefelt
Uhf Frequency Synthesizer, Christopher W. Shenefelt
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes the design, implementation and testing of a UHF frequency synthesizer. The synthesizer is designed to provide a sine wave output programmable from 400 MHz to 500 MHz in 0.1 MHz increments. The synthesis technique utilized is Digital Coherent Indirect Synthesis. This technique uses phase locking to provide a range of stable output frequencies all derived from a single crystal reference. Component design and system level analysis are presented in detail.
Using N.2 To Model A Microprocessor System, Benjamin J. Patz
Using N.2 To Model A Microprocessor System, Benjamin J. Patz
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Due to the complexity of designing digital systems using VLSI parts, a tool for aiding in system level design specification and verification is needed. Functional level modeling languages and simulators provide that tool. An example of such a tool is the N.2 package of software produced by Endot Inc. and soon to be running on a VAX computer at the University of Central Florida. An overview of the N.2 system is presented in this paper with emphasis on the modeling language of N.2, ISP’. A Small Instruction set Computer (SIC), originally specified in HAPL, is designed with this software using …
The Quantity Of Stormwater Entering The Drainage Wells Of Orlando, Florida, James M. Mcbee
The Quantity Of Stormwater Entering The Drainage Wells Of Orlando, Florida, James M. Mcbee
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
An extensive literature survey revealed there have been no in-depth studies of the quantity of water entering Orlando area drainage wells. Previous values ranging from 30 to 85 MGD were based on water supply withdrawal information or gross drainage area estimates. This paper presents a detailed study of the quantity of water entering 208 drainage wells in the Orlando Ubran Stormwater Management Manual (OUSWMM) area. Extrapolation of results to the remaining wells in Orange County is discussed briefly. Field experiments on one 20 in drainage well yielded a mathematical relationship that was reasonable for estimating acceptance rates for drainage wells …
Equilibrium Moisture Properties Of Corn Cobs, G. M. White, Thomas C. Bridges, Samuel G. Mcneill, Douglas G. Overhults
Equilibrium Moisture Properties Of Corn Cobs, G. M. White, Thomas C. Bridges, Samuel G. Mcneill, Douglas G. Overhults
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications
Equilibrium moisture content-equilibrium relative humidity data for broken corn cobs have been determined for both desorption and adsorption conditions for three temperature levels and five moisture levels. The Modified Henderson and Chung equilibrium moisture equations have been fitted to these data by using non-linear regression procedures to estimate equation parameters. Both equations adequately represented the experimental data. A test of varietal differences indicated no significant difference in cob desorption ERH values for three selected corn varieties.
Farm Accidents - How To Respond, Larry R. Piercy
Farm Accidents - How To Respond, Larry R. Piercy
Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates
Human nature leads us to believe that accidents always happen to the "other guy". Yet farming along with mining are the two most hazardous occupations in the Nation. If an accident struck your farm, would all family members know how to respond?
Bulletin - January, 1985, Civil Aviation Medical Association
Bulletin - January, 1985, Civil Aviation Medical Association
Browse all Civil Aviation Medical Association Newsletters
An eight page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.
Laboratory Evaluations Of Stabilized Flue Gas Desulfurization Sludge (Scrubber Sludge) And Aggregate Mixtures, Mark Anderson, Gary W. Sharpe, David L. Allen, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen
Laboratory Evaluations Of Stabilized Flue Gas Desulfurization Sludge (Scrubber Sludge) And Aggregate Mixtures, Mark Anderson, Gary W. Sharpe, David L. Allen, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The Kentucky Transportation Research Program has completed a laboratory study involving the use of flue gas desulfurization sludge (scrubber sludge) for potential application as a highway subbase and/or embankment material. Scrubber sludge is a waste produet formed when fly ash (and other residue) is combined with a lime dust slurry filter cake and stabilized with quicklime (calcium oxide). Samples of stockpiled (field) sludge and dry sludge components were obtained from the Robert Reid Station (Big Rivers Electric Corporation) in Sebree, Kentuclty. Dry sludge components (fly ash, filter cake, and quicklime) were uaed to prepare sludge samples in the laboratory, allowing …
Microcomputer Based Digital Image Processing System Developed To Count And Size Laser-Generated Small Particle Images, K. D. Ahlers, D. R. Alexander
Microcomputer Based Digital Image Processing System Developed To Count And Size Laser-Generated Small Particle Images, K. D. Ahlers, D. R. Alexander
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
A microcomputer-based digital image processing system has been developed to count and size laser-generated small particle images. Processing rates of 5 to 600 frames per minute were achieved by utilizing a real-time digital image processor. Particles from 7 to 700 µm in the plane of focus were counted and sized. A major emphasis in this work was to determine the basic problems and limitations involved with using a digital image processing scheme to accurately size particles. Areas that were investigated include the effect of the threshold level on measured particle size, particle boundary diffraction gray-level gradients, and geometric nonlinearities introduced …
Traffic Accident Rates In Kentucky (1983), John M. Salsman, Kenneth R. Agent
Traffic Accident Rates In Kentucky (1983), John M. Salsman, Kenneth R. Agent
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
In this study, two types of accident rates were determined. First, accident rates were calculated based on 1983 data. Secondly, the 1983 data were combined with the 1980, 1981, and 1982 data to calculate long-term accident statistics to reflect a four-year average.
Comparison of 1983 to combined 1980 through 1982 rates show that the rates have remained remarkedly stable. Several methods of classifying highways were used when determining average rates. Average and critical accident rates were calculated for use in the high-accident location identification program. Also, average and critical numbers of accidents were determined.
Bistabiity By Induced Waveguiding In Coupled Semiconductor Lasers, Daniel Heffernan, J. Mcinerney, L. Reekie, D. Bradley
Bistabiity By Induced Waveguiding In Coupled Semiconductor Lasers, Daniel Heffernan, J. Mcinerney, L. Reekie, D. Bradley
Articles
Recently, McInerney, Reekie, and Bradley observed bistability in twin diode GaAs/GaAlAs injection lasers in an external cavity when both diodes were above threshold. We show that this bistability may be explained by a form of self-focusing which is produced by induced waveguiding in the wide stripe lasers. A detailed analysis is performed on a standard model of these diodes in an external cavity. We have found very good agreement between theory and experiment.
Comparison Of Contained Rock Asphalt Mat (Cram) With Conventional Asphaltic Concrete Pavements, Herbert F. Southgate, David L. Allen, Robert C. Deen
Comparison Of Contained Rock Asphalt Mat (Cram) With Conventional Asphaltic Concrete Pavements, Herbert F. Southgate, David L. Allen, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
A brochure proposing the use of "Contained Rock Asphalt Mat" (CRAM) provided a comparison of stress distributions throughout a CRAM structure (Figure 1) as compared to a conventional pavement (Figure 2). Experience has indicated that stress distributions do not always present the most sensitive or appropriate analysis of a pavement structure. Distributions of strains, and more particularly "work", are better indicators of load distributions throughout a pavement structure and subsequent performance.