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Articles 181771 - 181800 of 197221

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Performance Of Lightweight Waste-Impoundment Dikes, Peter J. Bosscher, Tuncer B. Edil Jun 1988

Performance Of Lightweight Waste-Impoundment Dikes, Peter J. Bosscher, Tuncer B. Edil

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The containment dikes of two sludge disposal lagoons were founded on low strength, highly compressible wetland soils in Madison, Wisconsin. These lagoons, constructed in 1942 and 1967 respectively, encompass 130 acres of digested sludge produced at the sewage treatment plant. The dikes have experienced two previous failures in 1970 and 1973. A dike rehabilitation program was initiated in 1976 to prevent additional failures. New dikes were built using wood chips as a lightweight fill. Non-woven synthetic filter fabric was used to prevent soil intrusion into the chips and to provide resistance to lateral spreading. An investigation was initiated in 1984 …

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Use Of Deeply Weathered Rock As Landfill Cover Material, Patacon Landfill, Republic Of Panama, W. C. B. Gates Jun 1988

Use Of Deeply Weathered Rock As Landfill Cover Material, Patacon Landfill, Republic Of Panama, W. C. B. Gates

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Under normal conditions weathered rock provides poor landfill cover because of its permeable nature. However, a recent hydrogeological investigation conducted by the US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency (AEHA) of the Patacon Landfill in the Republic of Panama revealed the contrary. The operators were using weathered rock from the surrounding saprolitic outcrops of the Panama formation and Tertiary andesite intrusions for landfill cover. The AEHA selected samples of the weathered rock from the borrow sites for engineering tests at their soils engineering lab at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The following are test results. Water induces the weathered rock to slake very …

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A Case History Of Tehri Tunnels, B. Prabhakar, J. L. Jethwa, B. Singh Jun 1988

A Case History Of Tehri Tunnels, B. Prabhakar, J. L. Jethwa, B. Singh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Tehri Dam Project, a multipurpose river valley project, is being constructed in Garhwal, Himalaya. The project consists of a 260 m high earth and rock fill dam with a clay core, four diversion tunnels each of 11 m finish diameter, four head race tunnels each of 8.5 m finish diameter and two underground powerhouses cavities each measuring 180 m long, 49.5 m high and 21.5 m wide. The project is located near the district headquarters of Tehri in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The rock masses in the project area are fragile, tectonically active and geologically disturbed. The terrain is …

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A Novel Low Cost Drum Diaphragm Wall For Landslide Control In The Himalaya, R. K. Bhandari Jun 1988

A Novel Low Cost Drum Diaphragm Wall For Landslide Control In The Himalaya, R. K. Bhandari

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of masonry and reinforced cement concrete .retaining walls are common as a measure of landslide control in the Himalayan region. They are usually very expensive and call for import of cement, steel, stones, sand and water from long distances. The paper spotlights a novel technology of constructing anchored drum diaphragm retaining walls which make use of slope waste material itself for wall construction, saving to the tune of 40 per cent in cost. Utilization of slope debris in turn minimizes hazards due to debris flow, rockfalls, etc. and other mass movements.

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Case Study – Ground Failures And Ruptures In Xian City, Zhong-Qi Wang, Rong-Xiang Zhang Jun 1988

Case Study – Ground Failures And Ruptures In Xian City, Zhong-Qi Wang, Rong-Xiang Zhang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Xian city, the most well known ancient city of China for her incredible Terra Cotta Warriers and so forth, has been suffered from ground fracture for years. Surface ruptures and "faultings" encountered in strips all over the city. Hundreds of buildings were severely destroyed and many of them even have been demolished. Ground failures wide-spread and enlarged from time to time, especially right from Tangshan earthquake of July 28, 1976. Therefore serious concerns and suspicious of being associated with major earthquakes have arosed. Thus it has been a problem of both engineering and social influence. Like many other cities in …

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Coring Of Soft Soil-Like Rock Material, Marc C. Bétournay, C. Mirza, K. C. Lau Jun 1988

Coring Of Soft Soil-Like Rock Material, Marc C. Bétournay, C. Mirza, K. C. Lau

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A new coring technique is described for the sampling of highly altered rock. This and an innovative field survey method were developed to supply valid and representative data for numerical modelling of openings in this soil-like material. The results were not only reflective of in situ behaviour, but successful enough to be adopted for the sampling and modelling of other highly altered surface crown pillar masses, mining structures in need of better design methods.

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Distress In A Hill And Remedial Measures, N. M. Patel Jun 1988

Distress In A Hill And Remedial Measures, N. M. Patel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents a case study of a hill which developed signs of distress in 1979-80. Retaining and breast walls provided at many locations on the hill had been damaged and laterally shifted, indicating some movement in the hill. It created anxiety since big water tanks were supported on top of the bill. The distress in the bill were attributed to poor drainage of hill water, weaker sections of walls, dumping of loose lateritic material on the slopes, formation of erosion gullies etc. The bill was stabilized by removing these signs of distress with suitable remedial measures which are functioning …

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Effects Of Geology And Geotechnical Properties Of Rocks For The Selection Of Type Of Dams, Baqir Hasan Jun 1988

Effects Of Geology And Geotechnical Properties Of Rocks For The Selection Of Type Of Dams, Baqir Hasan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The topography, geology, foundation conditions and geotechnical properties of the rock units play a dominant role in the selection of type of a dam. It is usually difficult to determine initially, what particular type of dam is technically feasible and economically viable, for a particular dam site. In selecting the most suitable type of dam, a thorough consideration is given to the characteristic of each type of dam. Before the final selection of the type of dam, detailed evaluation is made of location, topography, geology, foundation condition, geological structure, seismicity, depth of the overburden in the valley section, geotechnical properties …

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Engineering Design Of Rock Slope Reinforcement Based On Non-Linear Joint Strength Model, Stavros C. Bandis Jun 1988

Engineering Design Of Rock Slope Reinforcement Based On Non-Linear Joint Strength Model, Stavros C. Bandis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Optimum dimensioning of bolts or anchors for the reinforcement of slopes in jointed rock masses, requires compatible strength-deformation data, for both the rock joints and the reinforcing elements. Most types of rock joints behave in non- linear fashion and, thus, realistic modelling can have serious implications in the design, both from the economical and the technical standpoints. This paper will present, briefly, the principles of a constitutive model of joint shear behaviour and a method for optimum bolt or anchor design. The implications of non-linear joint behaviour will be demonstrated with numerical examples. Finally, a case study of slope stabilization, …

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Failure Of A Transport Tunnel Below A Dolomite Stockpile, B. B. Broms, Y. S. Lau Jun 1988

Failure Of A Transport Tunnel Below A Dolomite Stockpile, B. B. Broms, Y. S. Lau

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The failure of a 3 m x 4 m transport tunnel constructed below a dolomite stockpile has been investigated. It was found that the cracking of the reinforced concrete lining had most likely been caused by lateral distortion (sidesway) of the tunnel. The transverse shears across the tunnel roof and in the residual soil below the stockpile caused by the sloping stockpile were very high. The average shear stress even exceeded the shear strength of the weathered material around the tunnel. It is thus important to consider the transverse shear forces across the roof slab and the horizontal shear stresses …

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Foundation Failures Associated With Salt Rock And Surrounding Coastal Plain, A. Orhan Erol, Abdulmohsin W. Dhowian Jun 1988

Foundation Failures Associated With Salt Rock And Surrounding Coastal Plain, A. Orhan Erol, Abdulmohsin W. Dhowian

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A detailed investigation has been conducted to study the causes of severe and widespread damages in a town situated on a salt dome. The study includes a thorough assessment of ground conditions in the coastal plain surrounding the salt dome for possible utilization of the plain as redevelopment areas. Major geological features in the study area comprised of collapsible windblown sands which are underlain by salt rock in the old town and soft/loose sabkha deposits in the proposed redevelopment zones. It has been found that the extensive damages in the buildings and roads are primarily due to subsidence phenomenon associated …

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Geotechnical Characterization Of Subsoil Deposits At Cairo, Mohamed A. El-Sohby, S. Ossama Mazen Jun 1988

Geotechnical Characterization Of Subsoil Deposits At Cairo, Mohamed A. El-Sohby, S. Ossama Mazen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

As a result of considering the historical aspects in Cairo subsoil at different stages of its development, soil deposits in the alluvial plain in Cairo area could be identified and classified on their origin into limited number of major types. Their distribution could be produced on maps on which classes of engineering significance are recognized. The boundaries between map units have been drawn separating areas of equal origin and characteristics. Verification of soil profile from field investigation indicated complete agreement with the previous characterization based on theoretical considerations.

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Ground Failure Investigation Over Abandoned Coal Mines: A Case Study, Marlo G. Karfakis, Bruce A. Suprenant Jun 1988

Ground Failure Investigation Over Abandoned Coal Mines: A Case Study, Marlo G. Karfakis, Bruce A. Suprenant

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The slurry backfill operation for the Rock Springs subsidence control project is briefly described. The extent of ground failure and building damage is presented. The scope of the ensuing geotechnical investigation to indicate any possible cause and effect relationship between the pumped slurry backfill operation and observed damage is described. The general and specific findings regarding the damaged area are discussed. Conclusions from the investigation are presented.

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Grouting A Water Tower Foundation In A Carbonate Formation, Dorairaja Raghu, David Antes, Joseph J. Lifrieri Jun 1988

Grouting A Water Tower Foundation In A Carbonate Formation, Dorairaja Raghu, David Antes, Joseph J. Lifrieri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Grouting the cavities in cavernous carbonate formations is one of the techniques employed to achieve reliable bearing support for structures founded in and on such rock units. For this purpose, conventional exploration methods, such as test borings and geophysical measurements, can be employed to obtain the necessary subsurface data; but, they are usually limited in extent, expensive, time consuming, and can be misleading. These limitations can be overcome by employing percussion probing techniques. A case history is cited wherein percussion probing was successfully employed.

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Johnston City School, Mine Subsidence Or Shallow Foundation Problem?, Alphonse C. Van Besien, Nolan B. Aughenbaugh Jun 1988

Johnston City School, Mine Subsidence Or Shallow Foundation Problem?, Alphonse C. Van Besien, Nolan B. Aughenbaugh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Johnston City, a small community in southern Illinois, lies above the Herrin (Illinois No. 6) coal seam. The community has experienced sporadic episodes of surface subsidence due to the collapse of underground mines since the 1930's. Although the mining company left a large block of coal beneath the town's elementary school to prevent subsidence damage to the structure, large cracks appeared in the school building in December, 1971. After the building was razed, construction of a new school was initiated in 1974. Approximately six months after the start of construction, new evidence of structural distress was observed in 'the still-uncompleted …

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Microseismic Activity In An Open Pit Lignite Mine, J. M. Descour, R. J. Miller Jun 1988

Microseismic Activity In An Open Pit Lignite Mine, J. M. Descour, R. J. Miller

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An increased level of horizontal stress related to tectonic forces is often held responsible for unexpectedly strong mining induced seismicity. The authors use the Belchatow open pit lignite 'mine in central Poland to show that this seismicity can be explained without tectonic forces as well. The presented approach should offer affordable ways of detecting the problem before it occurs, and either preventing it or controlling its scale.

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Prevision Of The Bearing Capacity Of Superficial Foundation On Jointed Rock, Marangos Christos Jun 1988

Prevision Of The Bearing Capacity Of Superficial Foundation On Jointed Rock, Marangos Christos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The article describes the application, in Greece, of an approximate resolution of the prevision of the superficial foundation bearing capacity of a school building group on jointed granite. The method is based on the mechanics of the discontinuous media. On a sufficient number of a canvas points which is situated on the critical section under the foundation, the developing shear stresses are defined, based on the elastic theory, and they are compared with the variable -into the various directions- shear strength of the jointed rock. The resulted data conduct to the setting of boundaries of plastic zones which allow the …

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Rock Mass Behaviour Assessment For Large Cavern In Rock, A. K. Dube, B. Singh Jun 1988

Rock Mass Behaviour Assessment For Large Cavern In Rock, A. K. Dube, B. Singh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A large power house cavern (22m x 50m x 250m) is proposed to be excavated for installing a 1000 MW hydroelectric power plant for Tehri Dam Project. The gorge chosen for the dam is very narrow and the topography is rugged and inhospitable. This dampened the process of preconstruction investigations. A number of tunnels were constructed for various project structures in the vicinity of the cavern. This provided an excellent opportunity to study the rock mass behaviour. Tunnel closure and rock loads were monitored with the help of instruments. Deformation moduli were also determined for different rock grades with the …

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Slope Stabilization Measures For Kirkwood Penstock, Early Intake, California, K. D. Weaver, D. J. Gross, L. T. Bauer Jun 1988

Slope Stabilization Measures For Kirkwood Penstock, Early Intake, California, K. D. Weaver, D. J. Gross, L. T. Bauer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Kirkwood Penstock, located in a deep, steep-sided canyon near .Yosemite National Park, California, is an integral part of the Hetch Hetchy system, which conveys water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the city of San Francisco, California. A heavy rainfall approximately 17 years following construction of the facility triggered settlement of the foundation. Measures undertaken to arrest this settlement included consolidation grouting, construction of facilities to divert surface runoff away from the penstock, and installation of a geomembrane to prevent infiltration of rainfall and snow melt in the vicinity of the penstock. No evidence of further settlement has been detected …

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Stability Check Of Escarpment Using Finite Element Method, P. S. Khare, S. G. Kulkarni, S. L. Mokhashi Jun 1988

Stability Check Of Escarpment Using Finite Element Method, P. S. Khare, S. G. Kulkarni, S. L. Mokhashi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The valve house of the Tons Hydel Project, Madhya Pradesh, India is located just adjacent to a steep escarpment. The stability analysis of scarp near the valve house was made by the Central Water and Power Research Station, using finite element method. The problem was treated as a plain strain case. The analysis under self weight and with seepage forces indicated tensile stresses less than 4 kg/cm2 in the scarp. A proposal by the project authorities namely removing rock in the area above R.L.230 m at 74 degrees and filling lean concrete below the overhang was found to provide …

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Support Over Cavities Of Unknown Depth For An Underground Facility, James A. Larson, Donald P. Richards Jun 1988

Support Over Cavities Of Unknown Depth For An Underground Facility, James A. Larson, Donald P. Richards

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Rock excavation for a 7,200-square-meter building site in Saudi Arabia intercepted a large cavity underlying approximately half the site. Relocation was impossible; therefore, a grouting program was selected to modify the site to accept the allowable design load of 2.1 mega pascals. Due to the extreme depth of the cavity, the modification was limited to a depth of 25 meters under the building.

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The Great Landslides In The East-Maritza Open-Cast Mines (Bulgaria) – A Theoretical Paradox In The Engineering Geology, Kiril Anguelov Jun 1988

The Great Landslides In The East-Maritza Open-Cast Mines (Bulgaria) – A Theoretical Paradox In The Engineering Geology, Kiril Anguelov

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The exploitation of the opencast mines in the East-Maritza coal basin was proceeded of detailed explorations and analysis of the engineering geological conditions. Nevertheless, one of the greatest landslides in the engineering geological practice occurred within the period of 1966 - 1968. The volume of the sliding masses reached 30 - 75 x 106 m3. These landslides made questionable some of the classic formulations of the soil mechanics and engineering geodynamics, as for instance: - the possibility of formation of sliding surfaces with inclination opposite to the direction of sliding; - the validity of the Coulomb-Navier's law …

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The Successful Construction Of A High Gravity Dam On Complex Rock Formation, Lu Jiayou, Mei Jianyun Jun 1988

The Successful Construction Of A High Gravity Dam On Complex Rock Formation, Lu Jiayou, Mei Jianyun

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents an analysis of the stability against sliding of a gravity dam built on a layered rock formation. During the design of this dam, detailed studies of the dam foundation were carried out from a viewpoint of rock mechanics, including laboratory and in-situ tests of the mechanical properties of rocks, calculations by the theory of limit equilibrium and FEM, as well as model tests. Based on these studies, the dam type was selected.

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Use Of Geophysical Methods In A Geotechnical Investigation, K. H. Earley, D. Rudenko Jun 1988

Use Of Geophysical Methods In A Geotechnical Investigation, K. H. Earley, D. Rudenko

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes a case study in which a geotechnical investigation encountered complex subsurface conditions requiring geophysical methods to supplement test boring data. Electromagnetic (EM) and seismic refraction methods were used to model subsurface conditions at the site of a proposed three-story office building. The three investigative techniques used in this study all revealed bedrock to be at a shallow depth. The test borings provided vertical resolution while the EM and seismic studies yielded lateral resolution. Good correlation was achieved when comparing the results of each method. The EM and seismic methods in conjunction with a test boring program can …

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A Case Study Of Success To Structures Founded On Expansive Soils, Zhang Shixuan Jun 1988

A Case Study Of Success To Structures Founded On Expansive Soils, Zhang Shixuan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Since 1979, in accordance with the design program given by the author, no more than ) storied buildings with an areas of more than 200,000 square metres have been built in the expansive soil area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangdong Province in South China. The different measures have been adopted according to specification of light, medium and heavy expansive soil. Through the test of special weather and the deformation observation for 3 to 7 years, it has been proved that the intact rate of the buildings has reached 90-98 percent. This paper mainly expounds three cases and has …

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A Proposed Procedure For The Identification Of Dispersive Soils, H. J. Von M. Harmse, F. A. Gerber Jun 1988

A Proposed Procedure For The Identification Of Dispersive Soils, H. J. Von M. Harmse, F. A. Gerber

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The piping failure of the Senekal dam and many other small dams in South Africa, despite the use of apparently sound material and good control during construction, emphasizes the need for a method to unambiguously identify dispersive soils. Physical and chemical tests of one hundred and seventy soil samples were evaluated against the double hydrometer method, after removal of free salts. The chemical methods based on characterization of the exchange complex (CEC and ESP) gave consistently more reliable results than the physical tests, such as the pinhole, crumb and sticky point tests and even the double hydrometer test when free …

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Case History Of A Partially Underground Power House, K. K. Kapoor, S. C. Patodiya Jun 1988

Case History Of A Partially Underground Power House, K. K. Kapoor, S. C. Patodiya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the normal rock conditions, conventional type surface power houses have been built, whereas in structurally sound rock with sufficient rock cover, underground power houses have been attempted in India. The geological uncertainties plays major role in deciding the type of power house at a particular site. While in the surface type conventional power house huge excavation and concreting are involved, the access to the power house involves major work in the case of underground power house. There are very little examples when semi underground type of power houses have been attempted in India. The Mahi power house-II of Rajasthan …

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Case Studies On Long-Term Settlement Of Soft Clay Ground, Yoshihiko Tanabashi, Hidetoshi Ochiai, Yoshinori Saitoh, Kazuya Yasuhara Jun 1988

Case Studies On Long-Term Settlement Of Soft Clay Ground, Yoshihiko Tanabashi, Hidetoshi Ochiai, Yoshinori Saitoh, Kazuya Yasuhara

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two case histories on long-term settlements of Ariake clay which is counted as one of the soft clays in Japan are described. The one of them is to report the settlement which have been observed over 25 years since construction of embankment for breakwater on the coastal Ariake deposit. The another case history is concerned with the settlement of low embankment highway on Ariake clay whose shallow surface was improved by quickline-clay mixture as a countermeasure for the settlement. The current paper is featured by the fact that the predominant secondary settlement is common with two case histories. The finite …

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Colbond Drains For Rapid Consolidation At Manggar Besar Dam, M. C. Goel, Achmad Zainiko, J. L. Surabaya Jun 1988

Colbond Drains For Rapid Consolidation At Manggar Besar Dam, M. C. Goel, Achmad Zainiko, J. L. Surabaya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

7. 3m high and 280 m long Manggar Besar homogeneous earthen dam resting on 12. 0 m thick soft silty clay, is under construction to supply water to the city of Balikpapan in Kalimantan island of Indonesia. To accelerate the anticipated 1. 6 m settlement of dam, 30 cm wide strip type drains (Colbond CX 1000) using polyester no-woven fabric are being used 3m centre to centre. It is expected that 70 percent consolidation shall take place within thirteen months of construction by these drains.

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Construction Of Road Embankments Over Very Soft Soil Using Band Drains And Preloading, John D. Nelson, Brian P. Wrench Jun 1988

Construction Of Road Embankments Over Very Soft Soil Using Band Drains And Preloading, John D. Nelson, Brian P. Wrench

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

As part of a new national road being constructed in South Africa an embankment was built over a deep deposit of very soft soil. To enhance stability the embankment was built in several stages and in order to reduce the time required for consolidation between stages, band drains were installed in the foundation soils. The soils were instrumented to monitor pore water pressure and settlement. The results of the monitoring phase showed that the band drains were effective and operated as designed. This paper presents the results of the monitoring and discusses the prediction of degree of consolidation from settlement …

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