Engineering Commons^™

An Efficient Annealing Algorithm For Global Optimization In Boltzmann Machines, Rajendra Sarasakrishna

Theses

This thesis proposes a new annealing algorithm for Boltzmann Machines. This algorithm uses an Exponential Formula for temperature scheduling that produces remarkably better solutions for global optimization. The superiority of the new algorithm is shown by computer simulations of several examples on Boltzmann Machine and its variants. This is also shown to have better properties than algorithms like Generalized Simulated Annealing which possess somewhat similar dynamics.

Comparative Study Of Prediction Gain Based On Neural Network Architecture, Prashant M. Shah

Theses

This thesis describes the Neural Network approach to design predictor using Delta and Generalized Delta Rule. The predictor is designed by supervised training based on the typical sequence of pixel values. Neural Network is used to find the coefficients of the predictor. Both 1-D and 2-D scheme of the pixels as well as linear and non-linear correlations are used to find the coefficients by training. Different combinations of pixels are used to find the "best" combination among the order of the predictor.

Experimental Study Of The Internal Loads In A Cardan Joint, Johannes K. Waal De

Theses

A recent investigation by Fischer and Freudenstein questioned the validity of the negligible axial forces assumption in the static force analysis of Cardan Joints. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally assess this assumption for the dynamic case.

To this end an experiment was constructed to determine the axial forces acting on the intermediate revolute joints of a Cardan joint. A four-square test arrangement was prepared such that shaft intersection angle, shaft torque, and shaft speed could be varied. Strain gages were applied to the "arms" of the joint to measure the resulting strains due to the forces along …

Efficient Multiprocessor Scheduling By Mean Field Theory Neural Networks, Pei-Ken Yi

Theses

In this thesis, we develop an optimization method based on Mean Field Theory (MFT) Neural Networks to solve the Task Scheduling problem. The MFT algorithm combines characteristics of the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and the Hopfield neural network. MFT exhibits rapid convergence and at the same time it preserves the solution quality afforded by SA. Since MFT has been successfully used to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a new modification to MFT is also presented which supports Task Scheduling problem. The temperature behavior of MFT during Task Scheduling is approximately analyzed and shown to possess a critical temperature (71,) …

Integrated Digital Speech System With Pc, Zhen Zhu

Theses

A PC-based real-time digital speech processing system is designed. Speech synthesis, analysis, storage and retrieval are implemented in the system with intelligent telephone functions. Speech data are stored on floppy disk and easy to retrieve. Though floppy disk is slow in speed, real-time processing is achieved with low bit rate coding. The computer gets speech data from a digital speech processing unit or send data to it through a synchronous seiial communication port. The analog input of digital speech processing unit can be selected from the telephone line or the microphone, and output of the digital speech processing unit can …

Solid-Liquid Suspension In Agitated Vessels Provided With Multiple Impellers, Tong Li

Theses

A large number of references can be found in the literature on the effect of mixing parameters on the achievement of the minimum agitation speed to just suspend solid particles. In the vast majority of these studies the agitation system consisted of just one centrally mounted impeller. However, the determination of the minimum agitation speed to achieve the just suspended state when the additional impellers are used have received very little attention. It is the intent of this work to investigate the role of multiple impeller agitation system on the achievement of the complete particle suspension state. The effect of …

A Study Of Biological Dentrification Of Munition Wastes, Sonia R. Venugopal

Theses

Kinetics of denitrification were studied using a consortium from the Lawrence, Kansas municipal treatment plant. Experiments were conducted in the batch mode, under controlled oxygen and pH conditions. It was found that the Monod model can successfully perdict the experimental results of nitrate depletion. It was also found that when the pH is maintained at values between 7.0 and 8.5, nitrate can be treated in a batch mode without having any significant nitrite presence in the reactor. The experimentally determined kinetic parameters were used in preliminary calculations for sizing a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). An existing mathematical model for the …

Coexistence Of Three Pure And Simple Competitors In Four Interconnected Bioreactors, Ming Wu

Theses

It is known that a homogeneous environment having invariant inputs cannot allow for steady state coexistence of any number of pure and simple competitors. However, it has been proven that two pure and simple competitors can coexist at a steady state in two interconnected chemostats, if the conditions are such that they allow a different species to grow faster in each one of the two vessels. It has been also shown that three pure and simple competitors cannot coexist in three interconnected chemostats, even if the conditions are such that a different population could grow faster (have the competitive advantage) …

Decomposing Non-Product Form Queueing Lattices Through Autorouting With A* Algorithm, Chun-Chang Yu

Theses

Direct solution techniques are expensive for the state transition lattice of a class of non-product form queuing modes. In this thesis, Autorouting with A* algorithm is adapted to decompose it as solvable subsets which can be solved sequentially and independently. Autorouting with A* algorithm is heuristics in problem solving. It also is one of a class of global optimization problems that are difficult to solve. Some queuing modes of type A will be decomposed in this thesis through Autorouting with A* algorithm.

N-Cross Coupled Phase Locked Loops, Joseph C. Aboukhalil

Theses

Interference cancelation has been mainly performed using arrays, in an important issue in communication both array and spatial cancelation and time domain approach were used. In array applications, depth of cancelation may dependent on the interferences to background power ratio and their spatial distributions. Also, array cancelers are inadequate when the signals are less than an array beamwidth apart. The latter was dealt with using supperesolution and eigenanalysis methods. Different time domain methods were used in the past. Among them what is termed Cross-Coupled PEL. It is an arrangement of two PLL each one is locked on and tracking one …

Fault Tolerant Clos Network, Preet Mohan S. Ahluwalia

Theses

Multistage interconnection networks, or MINs, provide paths between functional modules in multiprocessor systems. The MINs are usually segmented into several stages. Each stage connects inputs to appropriate links of the next stage so that the cumulative effect of all the stages satisfies input-output connection requirements.

This thesis deals with a fault tolerant Clos network. The fault tolerance technique involves addition of extra switches per stage to compensate for any switch failure The reliability analysis of both ordinary and fault tolerant Clos networks is presented. The optimal number of extra switches required to get the best reliability results has been analyzed.

Method For Treating Wood Against Fungal Attack, Peter E. Laks

Michigan Tech Patents

Complexes of sulfited tannin extract and a copper(II) ion effectively protect wood against fungal attack. The complex can be impregnated into wood in a single step treatment using a water/organic solvent system, or formed in situ by treating the wood with an aqueous solution containing the extract and subsequently treating the wood with an aqueous solution containing a copper (II) salt.

Hybrid Wafer Scale Microcircuit Integration -- [ 4989063 ], Edward S. Kolesar Jr.

AFIT Patents

A wafer scale integration arrangement wherein integrated circuit die of varying size, fabrication processes, and function are commonly mounted in the same host wafer using a filled epoxy material of special characteristics. The mounting epoxy material also serves as a substrate for the die interconnecting conductors in regions adjacent the mounted die. The described assembly also includes a newly available photosensitive polyimide material as a planarization and passivation covering for the die and host wafer and as a mounting surface for an interconnecting metal conductor array. Multiple levels of interconnection metal. Fabrication processes for the die to host wafer attachment …

Simplified Cost Models For Prefeasibility Mineral Evaluations. U.S. Bureau Of Mines Information Circular 9298, 35, Thomas W. Camm

Mining Engineering

In this U.S. Bureau of Mines report, mine and mill cost models are presented to make quick estimates of the cost to develop mineral deposits in the desert region of the Southwest United States. Regression analysis was used to generate capital and operating cost equations for each model in the form Y = AXB, where Y is the cost estimated and X is the assumed daily capacity in short tons. A and B are constants determined by the regression analysis. Each is broken down into 11 subcategories to facilitate escalation of costs for inflation and to increase their versatility in …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, January 1991, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A twelve page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

The Use Of Expert Systems In Demand Forecasting, Edward Sweeney

Books/Book chapters

No abstract provided.

The Added Mass, Basset, And Viscous Drag Coefficients In Nondilute Bubbly Liquids Undergoing Small-Amplitude Oscillatory Motion, Ashok S. Sangani, D. Z. Zhang, A. Prosperetti

Biomedical and Chemical Engineering - All Scholarship

The motion of bubbles dispersed in a liquid when a small-amplitude oscillatory motion is imposed on the mixture is examined in the limit of small frequency and viscosity. Under these conditions, for bubbles with a stress-free surface, the motion can be described in terms of added mass and viscous force coefficients. For bubbles contaminated with surface-active impurities, the introduction of a further coeflicient to parametrize the Basset force is necessary. These coefficients are calculated numerically for random configurations of bubbles by solving the appropriate multibubble interaction problem exactly using a method of multipole expansion. Results obtained by averaging over several …

Multilevel Metalization, Michael J. Bailey

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A bilevel metallization process using aluminum with 1~ silicon for the Metal 1 layer, pure aluminum for the Metal 2 layer, and Accuglass X-11 311 Series spin-on glass for the interlevel dielectric was investigated. Problems encountered in via etching with previous bilevel work were eliminated by using a modified buffered HF etchant. Vias down to 6x6um in size were found to conduct and have resistances less than 1 Ohm. Spin-on glass coating processes, however, were still in need of refinement, as numerous pinholes were observed over the aluminum regions.

A Comparison Between Resist Hardening Using A Conformable Mold And Plasma Resist Image Stabilization: Techniques To Enhance Resist Thermal Stability, Kathleen M. Brown

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

KTI-820, a positive photoresist was hardened utilizing two different methods. The PRIST technique involved the exposure of the patterned resist to a plasma containing CF4 plus Helium followed by a 210C, 30 mm postbake. The RHCM technique involved the encapsulation of the patterned resist with a PMMA mold followed by a 210C, 30 mm postbake and subsequent PMMA removal. The performance of hardened structures on multilayer substrates was investigated for both dry etching and ion implantation processes. The results indicate that the RHCM technique is the superior method. Scanning electron micrographs showed a minimum amount of pattern distortion while nanoline …

Design Of A 4-Bit Microprocessor, Hsiao-Hui Miguel Chen

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A four bit microprocessor’s layout was drawn on an Apollo workstation using MOSIS two lambda design rules. The layout’s operation was verified by breadboarding with 74’00 HCMOS logic parts during Spring Quarter 1990 by Theodore D’Antonoli. Based on his findings, the layout was revised and several design changes were added. At the same time, a software simulation program (uPROSIM) for the processor was written in FORTRAN on the RIT VMS Computer System.

Design And Fabrication Of Five Microns Nmos Sram, Robert Chizmadia

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A 126 bit by one bit NMDS static RAM was designed following design rules for RIT’s standard four layer NMDS process. Verification of working devices was done using the SPICE circuit simulator, but some concerns exist with this because of assumptions made in model parameters. Fabrication was an intended goal of this project, but time restraints allowed only masks to be made.

An Ellipsometeric Evaluation Of Ion Implanted Silicon, Patrick G. Drennan

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

~ Split Split Plot Design was implemented to investigate the relationship between the ion implantation conditions and the complex refractive index of the inherent damage layer. Four factors chosen to evaluate this relationship were wafer orientation, dose concentration, implant acceleration potential, and screen oxide thickness. The response variable was the complex refractive index of the damaged layer measured by ellipsometry. Results indicate that there is a relationship between the dose concentration and the response variable that is most sensitive to doses between 5e13 ions/cm2 and 5e15 ions/cm2. However, the range of the refractive index increases considerably in this range to …

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy X-Ray Microanalysis, Jim Eun

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

An overview or Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) X-ray microanalysis is presented with attention to artifacts present in the X—ray spectrum, such as the Bremsstrahlung, sum peaks, and silicon escape peaks. Sample spectra obtained from Al on Si, Cu on 51, and PZT ferroelectric films demonstrated the capability of obtaining qualitative elemental composition. The elemental spatial distribution, or the X—ray mapping. capability was also demonstrated utilizing a special alloy sample.

Integration Of Cad Data Transcription For E-Beam Lithography, Ian David Fink

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A software system for preparing data for e-beam mask making called Computer Aided Transcription Software is described. In order to appreciate its capabilities, an overview of writing requirements for a MEBES I e-beam tool are given. Sample files and software output are provided to illustrate the concepts.

A Drm Study Of Microposit Sal603 Resist In Developers Of Different Normality, Kimberly A. Guggemos

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

Microposit SAL6O3, a negative working chemically amplified electron beam resist, was studied for four developers of different normality: Microposit MF322 (0.266 N), MF321 (0.210 N), MF320 (0.255 N), or MF319 (0.237 N). Wafers were exposed to create eight regions, each with incrementally increasing exposure. Development in each of the eight zones was monitored simultaneously with a Perkin Elmer 5900 Development Rate Monitor (DRM). Increased developer normality was shown to increase development rate and photoresist contrast, but decreased sensitivity.

Characterization And Process Development For The Mebes I Electron Beam Lithography System, Richard D. Holscher

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

Characterization of a MEBES I electron beam lithography tool was done to investigate electron bear writing errors induced by electrical and mechanical interactions of the system. Process development of SAL6O3 a negatively working chemically amplified resist, which is required to provide a high sensitivity repeatable resist film, was also done.

Evaluation Of A Double Resist Process, Joseph Jech Jr

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A hierarchical analysis of variance was executed on both critical dimension and film thickness data to prove manufacturability of a double layer resist process as compared to an existing device process. Testing was designed to provide estimates of variance on a die—to—die, wafer—to— wafer, and run-to—run basis. Ion implant mask sidewall angle and process repeatability were other concerns investigated. The double resist process displayed improvement in all phases of the process examined except the run—to— run variance of the polysilicon film thickness. More testing is required to determine if the possible cause was related to the process or some outside …

Fully Recessed Oxide Isolation Technology For Nmos Fabrication, Ronald G. Jones Jr

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

Fully Recessed Oxide Isolation Technology (FROIT) and LOCOS methods were both fabricated to verify if the FROIT process provides solutions to two major problems associated with LOCOS, namely the bird’s beak formation and surface topography. The FROIT process uses a two step field oxidation and employs a nitride sidewall to recess the oxide and reduce the bird's beak, respectively. The SEM results verified the FROIT process achieved the desired results.

Alignment Error Characterization Using Electrical Probing Techniques, Jeffrey D. Kosa

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A technique for electrically measuring alignment errors is described and employed to characterize a GCA 4800 DSW stepper. The experimental accuracy was determined to be +I~ 0.05 microns for all line-width measurements. The GCA 4800 stepper’s day - to - day performance was determined to fluctuate between 0 and -1 micron in X and between 0 and +2 microns in Y. Average alignment ranges of +/- 0.74 and +/-0.95 microns in X and Y were ob served across four samples during the wafer-to-wafer variation testing within one run. These errors were directly related to the accuracy of the “pass-shift” values …

Evaluation Of Polyoxide Capacitor Edge Effects Using Ramped I-V Measurements, Loren C. Krott

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

Thermally grown oxide on poly silicon has poorer insulator properties than an oxide grown on single crystal silicon. Due to surface roughness of the polysilicon surface the localized oxide electric field is enhanced at the surface bumps and asperities. In order to minimize surface roughness attention has to be given to the poly silicon surface for the steps following deposition. This includes doping and annealing the polysilicon in order to increase the grain size and using care in cleaning the poly and growing the oxide. By minimizing the surface roughness the poly oxide has better insulating properties due to a …