Engineering Commons^™

A New Approach To Motion Analysis From A Sequence Of Stereo Images, Lin Zhou

Theses

A new approach to motion analysis from a sequence of stereo images is presented in this thesis. Based on a four-frame model, a new concept of unified optical flow field has been developed recently [3]. It is a generalization of the optical flow in stereo imagery. A set of fundamental equations is established to characterize the unified optical flow field. Another set of equations is then derived from which 3-D motion can be reconstructed via the use of the field quantities of the unified optical flow field. In this thesis, the implementation of the approach is conducted. The simulation and …

Bad Data Identification In Power Systems, Shichun Zou

Theses

Two classes of bad data (BD) identification methods in power system state estimation are studied.

The first class is the perturbation method. In this method, the obtained measurements are perturbed a few times. Each time a state is obtained from which measurement corrections are calculated. The statistics of the corrections corresponding to a BD are different from those corresponding to a healthy data. The method uses those differences for identification purposes.

The effectiveness of different indicators is studied. These include the normalized residual, the weighted residual, and residuals incorporating the statistics of the corrections.

The success rate of using the …

Charcoal Catalyzed Ozone Decomposition Of Organic Pollutants In Water, Kin Ho

Theses

A laboratory study has been performed on the wastewater treatment (destruction of organic species in water) using a novel process called Integrated Adsorption-Oxidation (IAO) where activated carbon is being utilized as a catalyst-adsorbent, and ozone as oxidant. The results of ozonation alone on the pollutants in water are also reported to provide a comparison with the adsorption-oxidation scheme in semi-batch reactions. All experiments were conducted at room temperature in a semi-batch reactor using five (water soluble) representative chemicals as pollutants: Aniline, Acetamide, Pyridine, N,N-dimethyl formamide and O-cresol. We also studied two volatile compounds: Trichloroethylene and Chloroform. Phenol was studied in …

Adiabatic Kinetic Studies Of The Cytidine/Acetic Anhydride Reaction By Utilizing Temperature Versus Time Data, Joseph John Shatynski

Theses

It is possible to predict the kinetics of a reaction by using temperature versus time data under adiabatic conditions. This method was used for the cytidine/acetic anhydride reaction using a RC1 Mettler Reaction Calorimeter.

The authenticity of the experimental adiabatic system was verified by determining the kinetic parameters of a known reaction (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride) and comparing them to literature values.

For example, the average experimental activation energy, heat of reaction, and ln k₀ values for the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride were 11.2 ±.5 kcal/gmole, -14.4 ± .2 kcal/gmole, and 12.74 ± .94 sec^-1, respectfully, while …

Development Of A Classification And Coding System For Computer-Aided Process Planning, Shilpan K. Patel

Theses

The chore of this work was to develop a Group Technology Classification Code which can represent the full gamut of simple, rotational parts. The automated coding plan is developed to alleviate the endeavor of the process planner to plan the tasks related to the manufacturing of a specific part. The 15 digits were devised from the Japanese KK-3 Classification and Coding system. The KK-3 System contains 21 digits. Our aim is to minimize the code length, and concurrently to eliminate the redundancies. As a result, a 15 digit G.T. Code is created. The proposed plan also generates the operation logic …

Multistage Interconnection Networks : Improved Routing Algorithms And Fault Tolerance, Kuo-Yu Chen

Theses

Multistage interconnection networks for use by multiprocessor systems are optimal in terms of the number of switching element, but the routing algorithms used to set up these networks are suboptimal in terms of time. The network set-up time and reliability are the major factors to affect the performance of multistage interconnection networks. This work improves routing on Benes and Clos networks as well as the fault tolerant capability. The permutation representation is examined as well as the Clos and Benes networks. A modified edge coloring algorithm is applied to the regular bipartite multigraph which represents a Clos network. The looping …

Dynamic Analysis Of The Generalized Slider Crank, Sahidur Rahman

Theses

A numerical technique is used to analyze the kinematics of the generalized slider crank mechanism and an analytical technique to derive dynamic force equations for that mechanism has been formulated. The numerical technique used for displacement analysis is based on a combination of Newton-Raphson and Davidon-Fletcher-Powell optimization algorithm using dual-number coordinate-transformation matrices. Velocity analysis is performed by using a dual number method. Finally, dynamic force analysis is accomplished on the basis of the dual-Euler equation and D'Alembert's principle. The approach is developed in such a manner that a digital computer can detect when a solution is possible and then solve …

Task Scheduling For Fms Based On Genetic Algorithm, Hung-Yuan Li

Theses

A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) consisting of p automated guided vehicles (AGV's), m workstations and n tasks is studied. The main problem investigated in this thesis is to find an optimal or suboptimal task scheduling for p AGV's among m workstations to complete n tasks.

An efficient approach based on genetic algorithms has been designed and implemented to solve the problem of task scheduling for a FMS. Near-optimal, or even optimal, task scheduling is accomplished by genetic algorithms. Simulation results on the algorithm are also discussed.

Petri Net Modeling And Analysis Of An Fms Cell, Paresh A. Patel

Theses

Petri nets have evolved into a powerful tool for the modeling, analysis and design of asynchronous, concurrent systems. This thesis presents the modeling and analysis of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) cell using Petri nets. In order to improve the productivity of such systems, the building of mathematical models is a crucial step.

In this thesis, the theory and application of Petri nets are presented with emphasis on their application to the modeling and analysis of practical automated manufacturing systems. The theory of Petri nets includes their basic notation and properties. In order to illustrate how a Petri net with …

Performance Evaluation And Comparison Of Ordinary, Adaptive And Exhaustive Services In The Token Ring Network, Hong Wang

Theses

Ordinary service and exhaustive service are two major alternatives of scheduling policies considered in providing access to token ring networks. Results to date have shown that exhaustive service results in more delay to lightly loaded stations in asymmetric traffic while ordinary service wastes time in circulating the token after each transmission. This work presents a new token passing protocol, called adaptive service, in which the token holding time is dynamically changing; in this way, it provides a fair compromise between exhaustive and ordinary service. The simulation results show that in asymmetric traffic, adaptive service gives improvement on the local delay …

Performance Evaluation In Terms Of Congestion And Flow Control Of Interconnected Token Ring Local Area Networks, Muhammad Salim Raza

Theses

In an interconnected network, if user demands are allowed to exceed the system capacity, unpleasant congestion effects occur which rapidly neutralize the delay and efficiency advantages. Congestion can be eliminated by using an appropriate set of traffic monitoring and control procedures called flow control procedures. This thesis first investigates the major technical concepts underlying the token-ring technology; performance and flow control issues and then gives an approximate analytical solution in terms of mean end-toned delay in a system of token-ring local area network interconnected through bridges. The analytical solution is based on an approximation of the mean end-to-end delay in …

Design For Assembly : Re-Design Of An Electrical Switch For The Ease Of Automatic Assembly, Achyuta Reddy Pannala

Theses

A design for assembly (DFA) method is used to analyze the existing design of parts of an electrical switch, and to reduce and re-design them, for the ease of automatic assembly. The procedure for the selection of suitable and economical assembly method is presented based on the Boothroyd & Dewhurst methods. Analysis of the initial design for manual assembly and the re-design for automatic assembly are presented. An algorithmic approach for simplified generation of all mechanical assembly sequences and selecting the good assembly sequences is presented with graphical representations. A work station needed for the automatic assembly is developed, which …

Image Enhancement And Analysis Of Leukocyte Adhesion, Yee-Ruh Lin

Theses

The image of leukocyte adhesion to microvascular walls in the isolated rat perfused heart model has been observed and processed. Some of the fluorescent labeled leukocytes are barely visible due to microscope focal plane and the motion of objects. The purpose of this thesis is to extract leukocyte from the image of the experimental data using image enhancement and analysis (segmentation) techniques and develop a program to handle automatically counting of leukocytes in a predefined scene.

Implementation Of Automated Assembly, Kang H. Kong

Theses

Research has shown that about 60 - 80% wealth producing activities is related to manufacturing in major industrial countries.

Increased competition in industry has resulted in a greater emphasis on using automation to improve productivity and quality and also to reduce cost.

Most of the manufacturing works such as machining, painting, storage, retrieval, inspection and transportation have changed to automation successfully, except assembly. Manual assembly is predominant over automatic assembly techniques due to inherent assembly problem and the fact that the assembly machines lack the innate intelligence of human operator and lack sufficient flexibility to changeover when product designs and …

A Parallelogram Four-Frame Model In 3-D Motion And Structure Recovery Using Unified Optical Flow Field Approach, Zhichun Lin

Theses

In this paper a new concept of the unified optical flow field (UOFF) for 3 D motion analysis from a stereo image sequence is implemented which is an extension of the temporal optical flow formulations developed by Horn and Schunck. A four frame model is established and a spatial optical flow is also introduced.

In order to alleviate the problem of the strict requirement of two identical sensors in common stereo imagery a new imaging system is presented in this paper that needs only one camera, two plane mirrors and two switches to generate a phase shifted binocular sequence of …

Simulation Of Voice And Data Integration, Urmila S. Patel

Theses

A simulation model of integrated voice and data is developed. The data packets are transmitted during voice inactivity (i.e. silence duration). A statistical model of voice (talkspurt) and silence duration is generated. inter-arrival time between data packets is modeled using geometrical distribution. The data traffic statistics is simulated for a given voice activity model and various data packet arrival rates. Four important results are obtained by performing this simulation: 1. Average data packet delay versus arrival rate. 2. The optimal ratio of data packet arrival rate to average data packet delay. 3. Probability of wait time for various data packet …

Design For Manufacturability, Kocherlakota Sreedhar

Theses

Design for Manufacturability represents a new awareness of the importance of design as the first manufacturing step. It recognizes that a company cannot meet all its objectives with isolated design and manufacturing operations. The Design for Manufacturability approach embodies certain underlying imperatives that help maintain communication between all components of the Manufacturing and Design system and permit flexibility to adopt and to modify design during each stage of the product realization. Design for Manufacturability cannot be bought or sold and it should be implemented by management. Complete support of management to the implementation is very important to the success of …

Eeg Data Compression, Yun-Chu Wu

Theses

This paper presents two different ways to compress EEC data-direct data com pression and a data transformation technique. The Adaptive Delta modulation and Huffman coding are used in the former method to predict or interpolate the data. Linear orthognal transformation algorithms are used in the latter method to detect and reduce the redundancies of the data by analyzing the spectral and energy distribution. Each method is implemented by programming the computer. The experimental results of their efficiencies and errors with different requirements and under different situations are compared and discussed. By comparing the EEC data compression degree and normalized square …

Burn Wound Healing Evaluation By Infrared Imaging, Shang-Yuan Chen

Theses

Infrared imaging is a pictorial method of temperature representation. Its advantage in the treatment of burns is that it is a non-invasive, safe and reliable method for estimating the area, temperature and depth of burns. An Imaging Burn program was developed for comparing changes in burn area in response to treatment with time. The program proved itself capable of determining the surface area of simulated lesions on the skin of human volunteers to within an error of 1.6 percent. The size and temperature of burn lesions in patients was recorded. First degree burns were warmer than surrounding areas of normal …

Design For Manufacturability : Re-Design Of Pencil Sharpener For The Ease Of Assembly, Amit R. Rathod

Theses

A Design For Manufacturability (DFM) approach is used to analyze the existing design of a pencil sharpener, and to reduce and re-design the parts of pencil sharpener for the ease of assembly. The procedure for the selection of a suitable and economical assembly method is based on the Boothroyd and Dewhurst methods. Analysis of the initial design for manual assembly and re-design for automatic as well as manual assembly is presented. An algorithmic approach for simplified generation of all mechanical assembly sequences and selection of the assembly sequences is presented using De Fazio and Whitney approach.

The Application Of Adaptive Step-Size Control In The Numerical Simulation Of Calcium Release In Vascular Smooth Muscle, Michael John Sydor

Theses

An algorithm for the adaptive control of numerical integration step-size is developed and implemented for the simulation of a three compartment model for Vascular Smooth Muscle. The three compartment model accounts for the simultaneous diffusion of Ca, ⁴⁵Ca, EGTA, Ca-EGTA, and ⁴⁵Ca-EGTA, and is an extension of a two compartment model by Diecke for the simultaneous diffusion of Ca, EGTA, and Ca-EGTA. The addition of the third compartment is to account for the presence of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum which stores the calcium needed for contraction and is the primary regulator of calcium in the VSM cell. The SR …

Performance Analysis Of Symbol Timing Recovery Circuits Employed In Digital Communications Systems, Elisha Yegal Bar-Ness

Theses

An analytical approach is presented for the jitter performance of a timing recovery circuit consisting of a prefilter, a zero-memory nonlinear device, and a narrow band postfilter tuned to the pulse repetition frequency. Assuming first a squarer type of nonlinearity, analytical expressions for the rms jitter in the timing wave are obtained as a function of the pre and post filtering characteristics. These expressions are suitable for judging the case where the baseband signal is bandlimited. Also for some specific examples, the jitter performance of this kind of STR circuit is evaluated.

Secondly, a general type of nonlinerity is assumed, …

Size Reduction Of Polymeric Particulates By Jet Milling, Cheng Hua

Theses

A basic theory for the size reduction operation by jet milling has been developed.

Typical samples of feedstock have been analyzed using screen analysis to determine the initial distribution of polymeric particulate sizes prior to jet milling.

A statistical theory .was developed using probabilities to represent the likelihood that specific size reductions would occur. These probabilities include the effects of various equipment.

The theory was then used to predict the distribution of polymeric particulate sizes after jet milling. The agreement between the predictions and actual results was within 5 %.

Encouraged by the successful work of the simulation of the …

Modeling Of Vacuum Microelectronic Lateral And Vertical Devices, Qiong Gui

Theses

Vertical and lateral configurations of the vacuum microelectronic device have been modeled using the simulation tools. Both cone and ridge cathode structures are used. Simulation results are compared with experimental data where available. These device structures include cathode, extraction grid, anode, and deflectors. The electric field at the tip of the cathode has been calculated for tip radius as small as 0.1nm. The model used takes into account the effect of potential on all electrodes on the E-field at the cathode tip. Also the effect of cathode geometry on the E-field is detailed.

Static characteristics are based on a new …

Direct Recovering Of Composite Surface Using Uoff, Zhesheng Huang

Theses

The research work reported in the thesis is motivated by the problem raised in the computer vision area. It utilizes direct method to recover surface structure of objects in 3-D space from a pair of stereo images. The direct method, compared with optical flow-based approach and feature-based approach, is robust and computationally efficient. However it can only recover planar surface structure so far. A new approach to recover structure from a pair of stereo images based on unified optical flow field (UOFF) is developed recently. It can recover curved surface structure.

In this thesis, the problem of recovering surface structure …

Workstation Allocation Schemes For Response Time Improvement In A Multiserver Pc Lan, Asit V. Merchant

Theses

Microcomputer Local Area Networks have recently become quite popular. Higher demand in term of number of users who contribute a variable amount of load has led to Multiple File servers in a LAN. As a result of variable load, response time at workstations differ significantly depending not only on total load on the network but also on workstation distribution across servers. The goal of this study is to develop schemes to keep response time as low as possible and constant among workstations. This study is based on minimizing response time and containing it or keeping it constant by distributing workstations …

Genetic Algorithm For Solving Printed Circuit Board Assembly Planning Problems, Hermean Wong

Theses

The application of the genetic algorithm for solving the planning problems for various printed circuit board assembly machines is presented. The genetic algorithm finds the sequence of component placement/insertion and arrangement of feeders simultaneously, for achieving the shortest assembly time. Three types of assembly planning problems are modeled such that they can be solved by the genetic algorithm. The algorithm uses links (parents) to represent possible solutions and applies genetic operators to generate new links (offspring) in an iterative procedure to obtain the optimal solution. Some examples are provided to illustrate the solutions generated by the genetic algorithm, and these …

3-D Structure Recovery Using Unified Optical Flow Field Approach, Anees Ahmad

Theses

Recovery of the 3-D structure that is characterized by an N^th order factorable and/or non-factorable polynomial equation is studied in this thesis. Analytical tools have been employed to analyze and solve the problem. The solution is based on the direct method, which is derived from the unified optical flow field, which, in turn, is an extension of optical flow to spatial image sequences. Least squares formulation has been employed for optimum estimation. The method used does not require the establishment of point to point correspondence, nor the estimation of the optical flow, as an intermediate step.

The theoretical results …

Connected Component Labelling On A Pair Of Parallel Systems, Imran Shahid

Theses

Hypercubes and meshes are of the most successful parallel processing structures and are widely used in image processing applications. The mesh is a natural multiprocessor architecture for image processing because an N x N image can be directly mapped onto a mesh of N x N PEs (processing elements), holding each PE responsible for one pixel, with neighboring PEs responsible for neighboring pixels. Thus, local operations can be performed on the image, or local image features can be detected in parallel, with each processor simultaneously accessing its neighbor and computing the appropriate function for its neighborhood. Meshes and several other …

Androx Implementation Of Nonlinear Filter, Keh-Chao Chu

Theses

Nonlinear filters, such as morphological operations, play an important role in image processing. Several software implementations of nonlinear filters are presented in this thesis. There may exist more than one method to implement a specific operation. The methods used in this thesis are chosen to be most suited for the machine used according to its structure. These most suited methods are also generally best for software implementations on other machines as well. The machine used here is the Androx image computing workstation.