Engineering Commons^™

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp: Phase Iv, David S. Bowles, U. Lall, D. G. Tarboton, E. Malek, B. Rajagopalan, T. Chowdhury, E. Kluzak

Reports

Executive Summary: Introduction: This report summarizes work conducted during the funding period (December 1, 1991 through September 30, 1992) of a Research Joint Venture Agreement between the Intermountain Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University (USU). The purpose of the agreement is to develop a Western Mountain Cilmate Generator (MCLIGEN) similar in function to the existing (non-orographic area) Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediciton Project (WEPP) procedure. Aso, we are developing a Western U.S. Snowpack Simulation Model for includsion in WEPP. In the …

Interpretation Of Drill Log Data: Dlog3d - A Probabilistic Tool For Analyzing Subsurface Soil Variability, Alaa El-Din Ali, Upmanu Lall

Reports

Groundwater contamination potential is directly related to the location of zones of high hydraulic conductivity. Sedimentary depositional environments can be quite complex. Pockets of sand of varying thickness and orientation may be scattered over the aquifer. A contaminant pathway can esist where these pockets or lenses are interconnected. Aquifer pump tests do not provide useful information on the occurrence of such lenses. Drill log data directly sample the soil, but may represent very local sections of the aquifer, and are of relatively poor quality. Here we present a methodology (DLOG3D) that allows a probabilistic interpretation of drill log data that …

The Peo/Pbt Copolymer-Mineralized Matrix Interface In Vitro, A. M. Radder, J. E. Davies, H. Leenders, C. A. Van Blitterswijk

Cells and Materials

Previous implantation experiments have investigated the interaction between a series of PEO/PBT copolymers (Polyactive®) and bone tissue, and shown the morphology of bone-bonding with several PEO/PBT ratios. However, the underlying mechanism of bone-bonding remains largely unknown. Therefore, an in-vitro approach was chosen to obtain more information on the events occurring at the PEO/PBT copolymer-bone interface. Rat marrow cells were cultured on two PEO/PBT copolymer proportions: a 60/40 ratio which is known to bond with bone tissue in-vivo and a 30170 ratio which, within one year of implantation, does not bond with bone. Evaluation was performed with light microscopy, scanning, backscatter …

Organic Extracellular Matrix Components At The Bone Cell/Substratum Interface, X. Shen, E. Roberts, S. A. F. Peel, J. E. Davies

Cells and Materials

We have recently shown that differentiating bone cells are capable of elaborating, in vitro, a calcified matrix at the interface with several non-biological substrata which is similar to cement lines found in remodelling bone tissue. From previous morphological observations, this matrix appeared free of assembled collagen fibres which indicated that osteogenic cells produce an initial mineralized matrix before overt collagen fibre production. In the work reported herein, we used six antibodies to extracellular matrix components and two conjugates of secondary antibody, fluorescein and colloidal gold, to initiate a preliminary characterization of the organic components at the bone cell substratum …

Attachment Kinetics And Differentiations Of Osteoblasts On Different Biomaterials, U. Meyer, D. H. Szulczewski, K Moller, H. Heide, D. B. Jones

Cells and Materials

Primary bovine osteoblast cell cultures were used to study the response of osteoblasts ton three different biomaterials, ionomeric cement (IC), tri-calcium phosphate poly-L-lactic acid composite foil (TCP) and poly-L-lactate-polycitric acid composite foil (PLA). The cells which grew on the materials produced all typical bone matrix proteins and were osteoblast-Iike as shown by immuno-staining. Analysis of the cell attachment kinetics revealed significant differences within the first 7 hours between the various materials. The best rate of cell attachment was found on the IC surface, followed by the TCP and then the PLA surface. The kinetics of attach ment appeared to be …

The Effect Of Substratum Roughness On Osteoclast-Like Cells In Vitro, K. Gomi, J. D. De Bruijn, M. Ogura, J. E. Davies

Cells and Materials

Calcium phosphate powders were used to produce three groups of experimental substrata for the culture of primary rat bone marrow cells in conditions which permitted the survival and function of osteoclasts. Each of the three experimental groups were subdivided by differences in substratum surface roughness and following a culture period of 7 to 11 days, the culture units were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. In all samples both small, sometimes mononuclear, and large multinucleate cells stained positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and the numbers and types of cells were quantified and statistically analyzed. Following histochemical staining the samples …

Drying Rate Constants For Yellow Dent Corn As Affected By Fatty Acid Ester Treatments, Curtis L. Weller, J. M. Bunn

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Ethyl oleate and ethyl stearate solutions at various concentrations were used to treat corn samples prior to drying.

Property Modification Of Edible Wheat, Gluten-Based Films, A. Gennadios, Curtis L. Weller, R. F. Testin

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Procedures were developed to produce edible wheat, gluten-based films. A film was produced as a standard. Five additional films were then produced by modifying the initial film-forming solution. Modifications included changing the plasticizer, partially substituting wheat gluten with soy protein isolate and corn zein, and incorporating two acetylated monoglyceride products. All films were characterized by measuring selected mechanical properties, and permeabilities to water vapor and to oxygen. Comparison of the films, in terms of their measured properties, indicates ways to improve the overall performance of the standard film as a potential packaging material. A main limitation of all of the …

Relative Humidity And Temperature Effects On Tensile Strength Of Edible Protein And Cellulose Ether Films, A. Gennadios, H. J. Park, Curtis L. Weller

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The effect of relative humidity and temperature on tensile strength of two types of protein-based [corn zein (CZ) and wheat gluten (WG)] and two types of cellulosic [methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] hydrophilic edible films was investigated.

Modification Of Physical And Barrier Properties Of Edible Wheat Gluten-Based Films, Aristippos Gennadios, Curtis L. Weller, Robert F. Testin

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Edible films were produced from wheat gluten-based film-forming solutions. One film was produced as a control. Other types came from subjecting control films to three different soaking treatments. Three additional films were also produced by modifying the control film-forming solution. For all films, selected physical properties and permeability to water vapor and oxygen were measured. Comparisons indicated possible ways to improve the control film. All films were good oxygen barriers but limited water vapor barriers. Films containing hydrolyzed keratin had lower oxygen permeability (83%) and lower water vapor permeability (23%). Films containing mineral oil had lower water vapor permeability (25%). …

Chemical Tracing Techniques For Evaluating Rill Hydraulics, John E. Gilley, Eugene R. Kottwitz

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Development of water erοsiοn and surface water quality control practices requires information concerning the hydraulic characteristics of upland areas. The relatively small flow rates normally found within rills make measurement of hydraulic parameters difficult. Chemical tracing procedures, originally developed for stream and river systems, have been successfully used to measure rill flow properties. A chemical tracer of known concentration is added to the rill and by knowing the degree of dilutiοn at a downstream sampling point, flow rate can be calculated. Rill flow velocity can be measured by determining the time required for a slug of tracer material to travel …

Phosphorus Accumulation In Bottom Sediments Of Retention/Detention Ponds, Kriss Young Kaye

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Laboratory and field studies were conducted to characterize phosphorus in bottom sediments for retention/detention ponds. The laboratory studies, including batch and column experiments, were conducted to assess possible removal processes. Sediment core samples were collected from detention ponds receiving urban runoff. These cores were analyzed for phosphorus at different layers including accumulated top sediments and the lower parent soil beneath it at a depth of 1, 3, 5, 10 and greater than 10 cm. The phosphorus accumulation rate was found to decline with calculated overflow rates from an average storm. Also attenuation of phosphorus with sediment depth followed an exponential …

Simplified Jet-A Kinetic Mechanism For Combustor Application, Bahman Ghorashi, Chi-Ming Lee, Krishna Kundu

Scholarship Collection

Successful modeling of combustion and emissions in gas turbine engine combustors requires an adequate description of the reaction mechanism. For hydrocarbon oxidation, detailed mechanisms are only available for the simplest types of hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, acetylene, and propane. These detailed mechanisms contain a large number of chemical species participating simultaneously in many elementary kinetic steps. Current computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models must include fuel vaporization, fuel-air mixing, chemical reactions, and complicated boundary geometries. To simulate these conditions a very sophisticated computer model is required, which requires large computer memory capacity and long run times. Therefore, gas turbine combustion …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Impulse, Cindy Maisch, Cindy Price, Nichole Nymoen, Lois Hatton, Julianne Trautmann

Impulse (Jerome J. Lohr College of Engineering Publication)

FEATURES
[Page 2] College of Engineering expands outreach programs
[Page 5] First Sioux Falls EET grad assumes advising role
[Page 5] Engineering students run Karate for Kids
[Page 6] New SWE chapter accepted 'like seeds on fertile ground'
[Page 8] SDSU Chapter of AISES reaches out
Empi expansion boosts Clear Lake's economy, employment inside back cover

Departments:
Students:
[Page 9] Engineering Exploration Days to include Inventors Congress April 22-23
[Page 10] Phonathon set for Feb. 15-20
[Page 11] Students intern with Zytec
[Page 11] Engineering students program Shanghai message center
[Page 11] Computer science major competes for Miss Rodeo America …

The Cost Of Doing A Cost Estimate, Donald S. Remer, Harry R. Buchanan

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

There are many reasons for cost overruns, but one of the key factors it the lack of resources (time, money, and staffing) spent to do proper up-front cost estimates. Another major reason is that the implements were not involved in the estimating. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of the cost to do a cost estimate [8]. We will report on how others handle this issue and make suggestions on how the Deep Space Network (DSN) should estimate the amount to spend on a cost estimate and its impact on reducing the probability of a cost …

Measuring And Compensating For Transport Delay In Real-Time Interactive Driving Simulation, Joseph D. Dumas Ii

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Real-time, man-in-the-loop simulators are important tools for operator training as well as human performance research. Simulator implementation using digital computers offers many important advantages but may also cause problems. One of the most significant and troublesome artifacts of digital computer simulation is the presence of transport delays in the operator/vehicle control loop. Transport delays have been shown to destabilize the system, resulting in poorer control of the simulated vehicle. They may also contribute to an increased likelihood of simulator sickness in human operators. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to quantify simulator transport delays and to compensate the system …

A Very Lmportant Message From The Board.......

ACUTA: Other Publications

All elected Directors-at-Large must be primary or associate representatives of an Institutional Member.

Elected Directors-at-Large will serve for a term of two (2) years.

An elected Director-at-Large may serve a maximum of two (2) consecutive terms.

Two elected Directors-at-Large will be elected annually by mail ballot. The two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes will be declared to have been elected.

Elected Directors-at-Large will begin their terms of office at the close of the Annual Conference.

In the events of the death, resignation or inability (for any reason) of any elected Director-at-Large to complete their term of Office, the …

Grain Suffocation Hazards, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Grain and feed storage systems are a common sight on Kentucky farms and usually present no particular hazard for the user. However, flowing grain or grain that is caked or spoiled can pose a serious threat of entrapment and suffocation. To protect yourself and your family, you need to become familiar with this potential hazard.

Generation And Legal Regulation Of Odors Form Animal Manures, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

The present trend of animal and dairy product producers is toward total confinement facilities and larger animal herds. Generally the rewards to the producer for these practices are higher economic returns which result from higher feeding efficiencies and better quality products. However, total confinement is not without problems that were previously not present or were minimal in nature when animals were maintained in fields. Confinement facilities have a greater impact on environmental quality of both water and air. Presently, one of the major problems facing animal and dairy product producers is odor production. The greatest number of complaints concerning environmental …

Laws And Regulation Impacting Livestock Wastes In Kentucky, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

In recent years, the number of laws and regulations prescribing the rules for everyday life seem to be ever more complex and pervasive. Changing farming methods, expansion of the urban community and increasing public environmental concerns have increased the agricultural producer's need to think more seriously about his method of livestock waste disposal. Laws, regulations, practices, standards and ordinances range from the obvious (solid waste management) to the not so obvious (protection of endangered species). The public has protection from the farmers (discharge permits) and the farmer has protection from the public (Right to Farm laws). The following is an …

Solid Livestock Waste Regulatory Requirements, J. L. Taraba, W. D. Thom, Anthony J. Pescatore, R. M. Williams

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Proper management and utilization of livestock waste can be a significant contribution to the economic well being of a livestock enterprise, since the wastes have considerable economic value if properly utilized. When returned to the soil as fertilize or soil conditioner, the value as a nutrient source has been will established. More recently, processed livestock wastes have been utilized as a high protein feed additives. Livestock waste should be considered a resource to be utilized rather than a disposal problem.

Kentucky State Agencies With Water Responsibilities, Joseph L. Taraba

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

On the following pages are a list of Kentucky state government agencies that have responsibilities and programs that relate to water in the areas of quality, health, supply, financing, flood control, recreation and tourism. For local programs on water, one of these agencies might be able to supply material, personnel or other programming information that would aid of your local extension water issue goals.

The Washington University Multimedia System, William D. Richard, Jerome R. Cox Jr., Brian Gottlieb, Ken Krieger

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

The Washington University Multimedia System (MMS) is a complete multimedia system capable of transmitting and receiving video, audio, and radiological images, in addition to normal network traffic, over the Washingon University broadband ATM network. The MMS consists of an ATMizer and three multimedia subsystems. The ATMizer implements the host interface, the interface to the ATM network, and the interface to the three multimedia subsystems. The video sybsystem encodes and decodes JPEG compressed video using two hardware compression engines. The audio subsystem encodes and decodes CD-quality stereo audio. The high-speed radiological image subsystem reformats radiological image data transmitted by a dedicated …

A Fault Tolerant Connectionist Architecture For Construction Of Logic Proofs, Gadi Pinkas

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

This chapter considers the problems of expressing logic and constructing proofs in fault tolerant connectionist networks that are based on energy minimalism. Given a first-order-logic knowledge base and a bound k, a symmetric network is constructed (like a Boltzman machine or a Hopfield network) that searches for a proof for a given query. If a resolution-based proof of length no longer than k exists, then the global minima of the energy function that is associated with the network represent such proofs. If no proof exist then the global minima indicate the lack of a proof. The network that is generated …

Research Proposal: Preference Acquisition Through Reconciliation Of Inconsistencies, Nilesh L. Jain

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

The quality of performance of a decision-support system (or an expert system) is determined to a large extent by its underlying preference model (or knowledge base). The difficulties in preference and knowledge acquisition make them a major focus of current research in decision-support and expert systems. Researchers have used various concepts to develop promising acquisition techniques. One of the concepts used is knowledge maintenence where the knowledge base is changed in response to incorrect or inadequate performance by the expert system. This dissertation investigates a preference acquisition technique based on the reconciliation of inconsistencies between the preference model and the …

Clinical Decision-Support Systems In Radiation Therapy, Nilesh L. Jain, Michael G. Kahn

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Computers have been used in radiation therapy since the early 1960s to perform dose calculations. In the last decade, researchers have developed computer-based clinical decision-support systems for assisting in different decision-making tasks in radiation therapy. This paper reviews eleven prototype systems developed for target volume delineation, treatment planning, treatment plan evaluation, and treatment machine diagnosis. The advent of three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (CRT) provides radiation oncologists with the opportunity to consider innovative beam arrangements which were not possible in two-dimensional class solutions. The difficulty of manually generating the thousands of clinically plausible 3D treatment plans calls for the use …

A Characterization Of The Computational Power Of Rule-Based Visualization, Kenneth C. Cox, Gruia-Catalin Roman

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Declarative visualization is a paradigm in which the process of visualization is treated as a mapping from some domain (typically a program) to an image. One means of declaring such mappings is through the use of rules which specify the relationship between the domain and the image. This paper examines the computational power of such rule-based mappings. Computational power is measure using three separate criteria. The first of these uses the Chomsky hierarchy, in which computational power is treated as string-acceptance; with this criterion we are able to show that certain rule-based models are equivalent in power to Turing machines. …

Supervised Competitive Learning With Backpropagation Network And Fuzzy Logic, Takayuki Dan Kimura, Thomas H. Fuller Jr., Ce Wang

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

SCL assembles a set of learning modules into a supervised learning system to address the stability-plasticity dilemma. Each learning module acts as a similarity detector for a prototype, and includes prototype resetting (akin to that of ART) to respond to new prototypes. Here (Part I) we report SCL results using back-propagation networks as the learning modules. We used two feature extractors: about 30 energy-based features, and a combination of energy-based and graphical features (about 60). ACL recognized 96% (energy) and 99% (energy/graphical) of test digits, and 91% (energy) and 96% (energy/graphical) of test letters. In the accompanying paper (Part II), …

Approximation Algorithms For Configuring Hierarchical Nonblocking Communication Networks, J. Andrew Fingerhut

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

A framework is given for specifying nonblocking traffic limits in a connection-oriented communications network. In this framework, connections may be point-to-point or mutlipoint, and the data rates may vary from one connection to another. The traffic limits may be "flat", or they may also be hierarchical, representing communities of interest within the network that have higher traffic among themselves than with the rest of the network. The communication networks are constructed from switches (or nodes) and trunks, which connect pairs of switches. This framework is intended to model Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks and traffic. We present a way of …