Engineering Commons^™

Chemical Mechanical Pad Characterization Using Shallow Trench Isolation Structures, James K. Zelenak

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

In this study the effects of front-side pad composition were examined for a chemical mechanical polishing process. The examination involved evaluation of film removal uniformity across the wafer surface and within each die, dishing effects, and selectivity between silicon nitride and CVD oxides. Trenches were fabricated in the substrate via dry etch, the resultant depth was 1.5 μm. The trench backfill was accomplished with a CVD low temperature oxide. Best results were obtained using a dense single layer polish pad, which exhibited imperceptible dishing and wafer polish uniformity on par with all other combinations.

Endpoint Detection In Cmp Utilizing Thermal Imaging, Rick Anundson

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

The objective of this project was to develop a method for using thermal imaging to determine end-point in chemical mechanical polishing (C.M.P.) for a shallow trench isolation (S.T.L) C.M.P. process and contact layer C.M.P. process. A two-dimensional thermal imaging camera was used to measure the pad temperature during processing. The pad temperature is an indication of the friction between the pad and the wafer being processed. As the polishing process transitions from one layer of material to the next layer of material the amount of heat generated will change. For the STI layer a 0.3 to 0.4 degree Fahrenheit (F) …

Lateral Resistance Of Ring-Shank Nail Connections In Southern Pine Lumber, R D. Theilen, D A. Bender, David Pollock, S G. Winistorfer

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Ring-shank nails are used in engineered structures with lateral connection design values based on theoretically derived equations which were validated only for common nails. The goal of this study was to quantify the input parameters and lateral connection strength of several types of ring-shank nails in Southern Pine lumber and critically evaluate the applicability of the theoretical equations for ring-shank nails.

Two sizes of galvanized and ungalvanized, hardened steel ring-shank nails from two manufacturers were studied. The hardened, ring-shank nails carried significantly higher loads than the common wire nails studied. Because the current method of determining yield load does not …

Optimal Choices Of Potential Functions In Fuzzy Clustering, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen, Yeung Yam

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Fuzzy logic-based clustering techniques are widely used in situations where statistical assumptions are not valid. Whether in estimating cluster centers for model identification purposes or in determining clusters the existing techniques are essentially based upon the choice of some potential functions. As in any design problems of this kind, the choice of such a function has to be justified on a theoretical basis. In this work, we set up a decision frame work and show that optimal potential functions are the ones which are used in current techniques.

Personal Reflections On Psi In Engineering Mechanics, David Haws

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

There seems to be little argument that our students need to be encouraged toward educational selfdirectedness. Yet self-direction must be based on past learning success and present learning readiness. There is at least a potential conflict here: students needs to assume responsibility for their own education, directing it to topics of their own choosing, but their learning must also at least occasionally be directed along a hierarchical path of sequentially dependent learning objectives (which path may not be so obvious to the uninitiated). The Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) seems to enable both of these not-always-compatible goals. PSI allows the …

Fall 1998, 90.9 Wmpg Fm

WMPG Program Guides

No abstract provided.

Human Visual Perception And Kolmogorov Complexity: Revisited, Vladik Kreinovich, Luc Longpre

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Experiments have shown that we can only memorize images up to a certain complexity level, after which, instead of memorizing the image itself, we, sort of, memorize a probability distribution in terms of which this image is "random" (in the intuitive sense of this word), and next time, we reproduce a "random" sample from this distribution. This random sample may be different from the original image, but since it belongs to the same distribution, it, hopefully, correctly reproduces the statistical characteristics of the original image.

The reason why a complex image cannot be accurately memorized is, probably, that our memory …

Run-Time Correctness Checking Is Algorithmically Undecidable For Pointer Data Structures, Mikhail Auguston, Vladik Kreinovich, Luc Longpre

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Programs routinely use complicated pointer (linked list-type) data structures such as linked lists, doubly linked lists, different types of trees, etc. These data structures are usually defined {\it inductively}: e.g., a tree can be defined as a structure that results from an empty tree by an arbitrary sequence of adding and deleting elements.

When the program runs, these data structures take dynamically changing shapes. To test program correctness, it is important to check, at run-time, whether a current shape is a correct implementation of the corresponding structure. Algorithms are known for checking the ``shape correctness'' for basic pointer-based data structures …

Telemanipulation: The Virtual Tool Approach And Its Interval-Based Justification, Vladik Kreinovich, Luic Olac Fuentes

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Application Of Kolmogorov Complexity To Image Compression: It Is Possible To Have A Better Compression, But It Is Not Possible To Have The Best One, Sanjeev Subbaramu, Ann Q. Gates, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Oo Or Not Oo: When Object-Oriented Is Better. Qualitative Analysis And Application To Satellite Image Processing, Ann Q. Gates, Leticia Sifuentes, Scott A. Starks

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Strong Negation: Its Relation To Intervals And Its Use In Expert Systems, Scott A. Starks, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen, Hoang Phuong Nguyen, Mirko Navara

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Complexity Of Collective Decision Making Explained By Neural Network Universal Approximation Theorem, Raul A. Trejo, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Interval Approach To Non-Destructive Testing Of Aerospace Structures And To Mammography, Keith Worden, Roberto A. Osegueda, Carlos M. Ferregut, Soheil Nazarian, Eulalio Rodriguez, Debra L. George, Mary J. George, Vladik Kreinovich, Olga Kosheleva, Sergio Cabrera

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Design And Design Centers In Engineering Education, Clive L. Dym

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

This paper is intended to be the opening salvo of the workshop, Computing Futures in Engineering Design (Dym, 1997). Thus, I want to take this privileged moment to ask you to think with me about the role of design in engineering. In particular, I want to reflect upon how design is articulated and how design is taught; about the role of design in engineering education and in the practice of engineering; and about the role that could be played locally and, perhaps, nationally by a center devoted to design education. Because I teach here at Harvey Mudd College (HMC), …

Time Series Analysis Of Ozone Data, Delparde Raleigh Guthrey

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Compilation Techniques For Out-Of-Core Parallel Computations, Mahmut Kandemir, Alok Choudhary, J. Ramanujam, Rajesh Bordawekar

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

The difficulty of handling out-of-core data limits the performance of supercomputers as well as the potential of the parallel machines. Since writing an efficient out-of-core version of a program is a difficult task and virtual memory systems do not perform well on scientific computations, we believe that there is a clear need for compiler directed explicit I/O approach for out-of-core computations. In this paper, we first present an out-of-core compilation strategy based on a disk storage abstraction. Then we offer a compiler algorithm to optimize locality of disk accesses in out-of core codes by choosing a good combination of file …

Enhancing Spatial Locality Via Data Layout Optimizations, Mahmut Kandemir, Alok Choudhary, J. Ramanujam, N. Shenoy

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

This paper aims to improve locality of references by suitably choosing array layouts. We use a new definition of spatial reuse vectors that takes into account memory layout of arrays. This capability creates two opportunities. First, it allows us to develop an array restructuring framework based on a combination of hyperplane theory and reuse vectors. Second, it allows us to observe the effect of different array layout optimizations on spatial reuse vectors. Since the iteration space based locality optimizations also change the spatial reuse vectors, our approach allows us to compare the iteration-space based and data-space based approaches in terms …

Student Database Access From The Web, Prashanthi Sundaram

Theses Digitization Project

This project, Database Access through the Web (DAW), implements a database to store academic and general information of graduate students in the Department of Computer Science, CSUSB and provides access to the database from the web. The motivation of the project comes from needs of the Graduate Coordinator, professors and department staff to access through the Internet student information concurrently.

The Rmt (Recursive Multi-Threaded) Tool: A Computer Aided Software Engineeering Tool For Monitoring And Predicting Software Development Progress, Chungping Lin

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Surveygen: A Web-Based Survey Editor, Kwon Soo Han

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

A Web-Based Universal Encyclopedia/Dictionary, Francis Hyeongwoo Lee

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Stability And Performance Of Feedback Control Systems With Time Delays, M. S. Ali, Z. K. Hou, Mohammad N. Noori

Office of the Dean (CENG) Scholarship

This paper investigates the time delay effects on the stability and performance of active feedback control systems for engineering structures. A computer algorithm is developed for stability analysis of a SDOF system with unequal delay time pair in the velocity and displacement feedback loops. It is found that there may exist multiple stable regions in the plane of the time delay pair, which contain time delays greater than the maximum allowable values obtained by previous studies. The size, shape and location of these stable and unstable regions depend on the system parameters and the feedback control gains. For systems with …

Driving Simulators: Are They Valid Test Environments For Its Development?, Robert A. Glaser

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

Driving simulators are increasingly being used to test the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that interface_ with the driver in the vehicle. Examples of such technologies include autonomous, on-board-sensors (Huguenin, 1993) which potentially can prevent many of the rear-end crashes that lead to fatalities or serious injuries (Knipling, Mironer, Hendricks, Tijerin, Everson, Allen and Wilson, 1993). A study of the simulator image-factors which affect the detection of rear-end-collisions and, more generally, of motion is described below. The study was undertaken on the University of Massachusetts driving simulator located at the Amherst campus.

Fighting Back In Hard Times: The 1990 Strike In Waterford Crystal, Eddie Conlon

Conference papers

No abstract provided.

Alps: A Logic For Program Synthesis (Motivated By Fuzzy Logic), Daniel E. Cooke, Vladik Kreinovich, Scott A. Starks

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

One of the typical problems in engineering and scientific applications is as follows: we know the values x1,...,xn of some quantities, we are interested in the values of some other quantities y1,...,ym, and we know the relationships between xi, yj, and, maybe, some auxiliary physical quantities z1,...,zk. For example, we may know an algorithm to compute y2 from x_1, x3, and y1; we may also know an equation F(x1,x2,y1)=0 that relates these values, etc. The question is: can we compute the values of yj, and, if we can, how to do it?

At first glance, this is a problem of …

Fm 34-54, Technical Intelligence, 30 January 1998, Robert Bolin , Depositor

United States Department of Defense Military Intelligence

This manual defines and describes the technical intelligence mission. It names the key technical intelligence organizations involved at the national level and their interrelationships and responsibilities.

The manual describes in detail the technical intelligence organizations and operations in a US command in the field. It discusses at length the responsibilities on the key staff sections in the command.

It has extensive appendices explaining forms and procedures used by forces in the field. It has an excellent list of acronyms and glossary.

Comment by the depositor

A clear understanding of the evolution of technical intelligence may not be needed by the …

Chemical Kinetic Modeling Of A Methane Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flame And Comparison To Experiments, N. M. Marinov, W. J. Pitz, C. K. Westbrook, Andrew E. Lutz, A. M. Vincitore, S. M. Senkan

All Faculty Presentations - School of Engineering and Computer Science

The chemical structure of an opposed-flow, methane diffusion flame is studied using a chemical kinetic model and the results are compared with experimental measurements. The chemical kinetic paths leading to aromatics and polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the diffusion flame are identified. These paths all involve resonantly stabilized radicals that include propargyl, allyl, cyclopentadienyl, and benzyl radicals. The modeling results show reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements for the large hydrocarbon aliphatic compounds, aromatics, two-ring PAHs, and three-ring PAHs, but not for four-ring PAHs. The benzene was predicted to be formed primarily by the reaction sequence of Allyl + Propargyl …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 14, Number 1, January 1998, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A fourteen page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Binder Containing Plant Protein And Densified Refuse Fuel Cubes Made Using Same And Methods Of Making Them, Jerry D. Eastin, David Jones, Darin Dux, Harold Earl Egger

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

To form a binder from naturally occurring products or a fuel brick or pellet using the binder without extraction or purification steps, the binder utilizes proteins from the germ or endosperm of cereal grasses or from the seed of buckwheat, oil seed plants, Amaranthus or leguminous plants or from leaves or from grain stillage. The protein has a thermoplastic microstructure with linear polymers of molecular weight of at least 2,000 linked with peptide linkages of at least 50 in number. The binder is mixed with waste such as municipal waste without further processing and processed in a pelleting machine.