Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process Variants On The Microstructure And Properties Of Az31b Magnesium Alloy And 304hcu Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, Srinivasan S

Theses and Dissertations

The automotive and aero sectors seek materials with high specific strength & specific stiffness for enhanced efficiency / emission control. Mg alloys, known for their low density, are used in the as-cast, and wrought forms, depending on the service requirements, and are predominantly used for non-loaded structural parts in varied engineering applications. Welding Mg alloys is of great interest to industry, not only for the fabrication of components but for the repair welding of casting as well. There has been considerable research in the fusion & solid-state welding of Mg alloys. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) has often been preferred …

Investigation On Production, Kinetic Modelling, Downstream Processing, And Characterization Of Microbial Dextran Using Sucrose-Rich Alternate Feedstocks, Sameeha Syed Ar

Theses and Dissertations

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesized by microorganisms have a wide range of applications from thickener agents in the field of food to formulations in the field of pharmaceuticals. Owing to their rheological, structural, and physicochemical characteristics in addition to its biodegradability, low antigenicity, antioxidant activities, etc., several EPS have gained research focus in recent years. Dextran is one such example of EPS, which is synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, its production is limited to utilization of sucrose medium with a yield of 0.3-0.4 g dextran/ g sucrose. Hence, this thesis work focuses on dextran production using sucrose-rich alternate feedstocks …

Experimental Investigation And Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties And Microstructural Characterization On Chromium Molybdenum Steel Processed Through Laser Based Welding, Rakesh S

Theses and Dissertations

Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) martensitic modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) steel is extensively employed in fast breeder nuclear reactors and thermal power plants owing to its superior resistance to thermal fatigue and oxidation corrosion compared with other low-alloy steels. Despite its excellent high-temperature performance, the weldability of this steel remains a critical concern.

Conventional arc welding processes generate excessive heat input and complex thermal cycles, resulting in heterogeneous microstructures, retention of δ-ferrite, and subsequent degradation in service life. In contrast, high energy density beam welding techniques such as laser and electron beam welding offer precise thermal control and minimal heat-affected zones …

Remote Sensing Assessment Of Ionospheric Total Electron Content Over Thanjavur Gps Station Geomagnetic 2.91 N 152.22 E, Veera Kumar Maheswaran

Theses and Dissertations

A Global Positioning System (GPS) station for ionosphere studies was established during December 2019 in Thanjavur (Geographic 10.72◦ E, 79.01◦ N, Geomagnetic 2.91◦ N, 152.22◦ E). The study involved analysing Total Electron Content (TEC) data and correcting biases to estimate Slant Total Electron Content (STEC). STEC was then converted to Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC), useful for space weather, navigation, surveying, and environmental monitoring.

During the course of our study, this Thanjavur station witnessed a Annular Solar eclipse of Dec-26, 2019. The Solar eclipses can impact ionospheric conditions, causing VTEC depletion. This study shows how the near-earth environment changes during …

Sustainable Valorization Of Woody And Herbaceous Biomass For Energy And Environmental Applications, Subramaniyasharma S

Theses and Dissertations

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion method to produce gas and liquid fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. This process involves the thermal decomposition of organic compounds without oxygen. The vapors formed are rapidly condensed to yield a liquid product called bio-oil and a solid product called biochar.

In the present study, Sesame indicum (SI) (herbaceous agro residue) and Prosopis julifora (PJ) (woody biomass weed) were chosen as feedstocks for the pyrolysis process and the respective solid and liquid products were collected and characterized. The proportion of biomass pyrolysis products is significantly influenced by biomass composition and process conditions such as temperature, heating …

Motion Based Analysis Of Ultrasound Imaging For The Study Of Musculoskeletal Tissue Bio Mechanics, Ananth Hari R

Theses and Dissertations

Ultrasound image analysis plays an important role in diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries and monitoring rehabilitation exercises. The first and foremost step in this analysis involves segmentation of region of interest from the ultrasound images. The segmentation of the musculoskeletal tissues from the ultrasound images is challenging due to the inherent drawback present in ultrasound like : (1) Poor image quality due to image corruption by speckle noise, shadows, and attenuation. (2) Dis-continuous boundaries due to orientation dependence during the acquisition of image. (3) Low contrast between nearby anatomical structures. Hence in order to overcome these drawbacks, there is a need for …

Development Of Electrochemical Sensors For The Detection Of Pesticide Residues In Water, Indhu S

Theses and Dissertations

Intentional and unintentional events of pesticide poisoning and their accidental exposure have significantly raised the concerns of global organizations to classify these chemical compounds based on their toxicity, to assign permissible limits, and to appoint task force for periodic monitoring of their presence in water bodies.

In this context, researchers are continually seeking potential alternatives to develop water quality sensors with higher selectivity to obtain the desired performance during real-time assessment. Electrochemical sensors involving interface materials of distinguishing capacity at elevated matrix complexity are desirable. However, there remains a challenge in designing suitable techniques, methodologies, and appropriate validations to support …

Improving Fatigue Characteristics Of Cold Formed Low Carbon Steel, Venkatesan D

Theses and Dissertations

EN353 is a low carbon alloy steel, predominantly used in the manufacturing of heavy-duty gears, shafts, and pinions, especially crown wheel and pinions. It is usually carburized, hardened, and tempered to produce a hard, wear-resistant case. Heat- treated EN353 steel exhibits enhancement in ductility, toughness, strength, and hardness as the internal stresses get relieved in the material. Spheroidizing of medium and high carbon steel is a method of prolonged heating at a temperature below the eutectoid temperature, where pearlite, the lowest energy arrangement of steel, gets converted to ferrite and cementite.

The graphite content of steel assumes a spheroidal shape, …

Identification Of Delamination Defect In Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Tapered Plate Based On Vibration Measurement, Venkatesan M

Theses and Dissertations

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite plates have been widely used in various engineering applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and durability. Despite their many benefits, Delamination is a separation of the layers in composite material and can occur due to various factors such as impact, fatigue, and manufacturing defects. Identifying delamination in composite structures is crucial for ensuring safety and reliability. In this study, model-dependent vibration methods, which are an effective non-destructive technique, were utilised for delamination identification. The primary objective is to investigate the dynamic behaviour of delaminated thickness-tapered plates and develop a reliable methodology for delamination …

Abnormal Event Detection Using Hypergraph Based Multiple Objects Tracking Techniques In Surveillance Videos, Palanivel S

Theses and Dissertations

Abnormal event detection aims to identify the events that deviate from expected normal patterns. This work primarily focuses on detection of rare events in public places. The existing research challenges in a video-based surveillance systems for the vehicle have been analysed and presence of abnormal objects in traffic-oriented videos have been detected. A novel approach for event summarization and rare event detection has been proposed in this work. The key ingredient in this work is the incorporation of Hypergraph (HG) matching.

Despite the reasonable amount of success achieved by a large number of researchers over the globe, distinguishing important videos …

Investigation On Strength Durability And Crack Healing Efficiency Of Natural Fiber Reinforced Bacterial Concrete Under Various Exposures, Rajesh A

Theses and Dissertations

Concrete is the most broadly utilized construction material due to its availability and cost. It is more susceptible to cracks, allowing chemical substances and water to enter and deteriorate the materials over time, as well as affecting the durability properties of structures. In recent years, the use of bacteria and natural fibers in concrete has not only reduced cracks but also enhanced its strength and durability.

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is highly acceptable in concrete to improve rheological and crack repair properties. In the current research isolated five bacteria from various locations and subjected to basic tests such as urease …

Faculty Perspectives On Research Mentoring Across A Multi-Level Statewide Lsamp Alliance, Tokesha Warner, Shaniqua Nixon, Terrance Mcneil, Denise Green, John T. Robinson

The Journal of the Research Association of Minority Professors

In this, mixed-method exploratory sequential design study, we examined a multi-level state-wide mentoring program for underrepresented students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study examined faculty perspectives on the factors involved in, and the impact of, mentoring minoritized students at the critical retention-to-graduation stage. Between 2020 and 2022, an online survey and two rounds of focus group interviews were conducted with faculty members at participating institutions. Data were analyzed using an iterative, thematic coding method. Analysis of the comments from faculty focus groups and a faculty survey revealed eleven themes that codified the faculty member’s perspectives on mentoring. …

An Adaptive Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture For Providing Guaranteed Qos In 5g Cellular Networks, Rajilal Mv Ms

Theses and Dissertations

Wireless network systems must have effective resource allocation, particularly in the context of 5G networks when flexibility is needed to meet a range of network requirements. Resource allocation is essential in cellular network contexts to guarantee equitable access to customers, partners, and cellular service users. Since resource distribution determines network performance, it offers significant advantages when executed well. One of the biggest issues with 5G technology is resource allocation, particularly when it comes to the Quality of Service (QoS) for various applications. Resources in wireless networks include items like channels, power, and spectrum; these must all be apportioned according to …

Utilization Of Solar And Wind Power-Generation Systems In The Mining Industry: Recent Trends And Future Prospects, Elaheh Mohammadi Valikandi, Yosoon Choi

Journal of Sustainable Mining

In recent years, the mining industry has faced many challenges, such as rising demand, fluctuating energy prices, increasing energy consumption due to declining ore grades, and environmental concerns. According to the Paris Agreement, countries worldwide must focus on decarbonizing their economies to mitigate the global average surface temperature growth. This paper reviews how renewable energy, specifically photovoltaic and wind power systems, can be used to tackle some of these challenges. Operating mines globally, like the South Deep gold mine in South Africa and the MA'ADEN Alumina Refinery in Saudi Arabia, and abandoned mines, such as former coal mines in the …

Analysis Of Isotopic Effects On Hydrogen Oxidation, Jacob Carter Wilde

Theses and Dissertations

Tritium generation presents a significant hazard during operation of nuclear reactors and necessitates safety precautions in the case of a combustion incident. Accurate kinetic models should inform these safety precautions, however, reliable tritium data do not exist to generate such models. This work focuses on laminar flame speed, which is an important component of kinetic models. Current estimates based on established kinetic theories and experimental measurements of the other isotopes of hydrogen predict tritium to have a flame speed approximately 70% that of standard protium over a broad range of stoichiometries at one atmosphere in air. These estimates are based …

Modeling Soil Lateral Deformation Due To Water Film Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, Erly Bahsan, Budi Susilo Soepandji, Wiwik Rahayu, R.R. Dwinanti R. Marthanty, Budianto Ontowirjo

Makara Journal of Technology

In geotechnical engineering, large deformation in soil materials is rarely simulated using numerical methods, particularly the finite element method and finite difference method, because they experience difficulties in representing the postfailure soil behavior. As an alternative to these methods, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method has recently been adopted to represent soil behavior. The SPH method is a Lagrangian, mesh-free numerical method in which the materials are modeled as a set of particles. In this method, soil behavior can be represented via the Drucker–Prager elasto–plastic failure criterion. Thus, this method can be used to simulate postfailure soil behavior and large …

Investigation Of The Parameters Of Semicylindrical Capacitive Sensor, Erkin Uljaev, Elyor Faxriddinovich Khudoyberdiev, Shohrukh Nurali O‘G‘Li Narzullayev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This study introduces a semicylindrical capacitive sensor, featuring an internal dielectric insulator, designed to measure moisture levels in bulk and other materials while in motion. The research employs numerical analysis to explore the sensor's capacitance variation and evaluate its performance. The change in capacitance of the semicylindrical capacitive sensor in the picofarad range is easily converted into a change in the frequency of the generator, which is implemented on an operational amplifier with feedback. The generator circuit is quite compact, and its output can be connected directly to the discrete input of a microcontroller without a matching element. Using the …

Experimental Study Of The Ultrasonic Extraction Process Of Plant Raw Materials, Azamat Bakir Ogli Usenov, Doston Ishmuxammat Ogli Samandarov, Qobil Akmal Ogli Mukhiddinov, Jasur Esirgapovich Safarov Dcs

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In-depth scientific research is being conducted around the world aimed at developing the scientific and methodological foundations of energy-saving extractors, processing medicinal plants, increasing the efficiency of modern technologies, processes and equipment for obtaining high-quality pharmaceutical raw materials rich in biologically active substances. Energy-saving extractors, developed in conjunction with the extraction process of medicinal plants, are introduced into the industry using scientifically proven technology. At the global level, special attention is paid to the creation of intelligent designs of innovative extraction plants that operate using ultrasonic waves, allowing the extraction of medicinal components of plants.

Clustering Algorithm Based On Similarity Of Objects, Akhram Khasanovich Nishanov, Alisher Tulkunovich Tursunov, Fayzullo Farhod O'G'Li Ollamberganov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article discusses the problem of drug clustering. Initially, k classes are randomly formed and the resulting training sample is preprocessed, then the similarity between objects of each class is assessed based on the proximity function and the criterion for assessing the contribution of objects to the formation of their own class. It is usually expressed as a percentage and represents the degree of mutual similarity of objects of each class. In the next steps of the algorithm, first one object is taken from the first class and by adding it to all k classes, the contribution of this object …

Machine Learning Framework For Predicting Reliability Of Solder Joints, Robert Lee Jones

Dissertations and Theses

This paper presents the techniques and framework to produce an explainable machine learning model for predicting the reliability of solder joints exposed to thermal cycle testing. While machine learning techniques have become prevalent for many engineering and data analysis tasks, the complexity of the model occludes valuable information which can be used to refine the data, tune model parameters, and aid in scientific discovery. By exposing the relationships within the model, users can have greater confidence in the use and employment of it. The purpose of this study is to show how useful relationships can be obtained from a traditional …

Thermomechanical Analysis Of Biomass Plastic Composite (Bpc), Solomon Chijioke Madu, Victor Sunday Aigbodion, Ikechukwu Ike-Eze

Makara Journal of Technology

High-performance electrical insulation material can be manufactured using biomass plastic composite (BPC), which is a new type of composite material that is either made up of one or a combination of natural plant fibers/particulates, such as bamboo, cellulose fiber, rice husks, or hemp, and thermoplastic granules. In this study, the BPC composite material that was developed comprised polyethylene (PE), rice husk, and oyster shell. The results of the study showed a significant optimal improvement in the morphological, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties during the addition of 20% to 30% biomass particulates (i.e., rice husk and oyster shell). The thermogravimetric analysis, storage …

Endwall Contouring For Lowering The Thermal Load And Augmenting The Turbine Efficiency, Arjun Kozhikkatil Sunil, Tide Porathoor Sunny

Makara Journal of Technology

Endwall contouring having significance in delineating ideal endwalls competent in thermal load depletion is the focus of this study. We have successfully utilized non-axisymmetric contoured endwalls to enhance turbine performance by controlling the secondary flow characteristics in a blade passage through steady-state numerical hydrodynamics. The supreme endwall pattern could lower the gross pressure loss at the design stage and is related to the size of the top-loss location being productively lowered. The selective numerical shape change using multi-objective optimization at the most prominent locations resulted in contoured endwall geometry and a considerable reduction of thermal exchange in the vane passage …

In Silico Modelling And Docking Simulation Of Egfr-Targeted Diphtheria Toxin Chimera With Various Targeting Moieties, Muhammad Afif Naufal Bmed, Benedictus Ansell Susanto Bmed, Talitha Dinda Gunawan Bmed, Azhar Ridha Lukman Bmed, Alifa Rahma Rizqina Bmed, Muhammad Misbahul Fuad Bmed

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Introduction: Cancer is a major etiology of death worldwide due to high mortality and suboptimal medicine. However, an emerging field, targeted therapy enabled a more selective and effective therapeutic action. This article aims to analyze in-silico the hypothetical targeted therapy agent that is combinations of conjugate consisting of EGFR targeting moieties and diphtheria toxin (DT-390).

Method: Our novel peptide is a conjugate of a novel EGFR targeting peptide and DT-390, forming a chimera. The tertiary structure was predicted using AlphaFold 2.0. The best IDDT scoring and stereochemistry profiles were utilized. The HADDOCK2.4 webserver modelled the docking between our …

Capacitive Sensors With Ultra-Small Capacitance For Smart Measurement And Control Systems, Rustam Baratov, Farrux Jabbor O'G'Li Ko'charov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article discusses methods of low capacitance measurement of capacitive sensors. The results of the study of the amplitude-frequency (AF) and phase-frequency (PF) response of measurement circuits of capacitive sensors for low capacitances measurement, consisting of RC - differentiating elements are presented. The input and output parameters of the differentiating circuit and the complex transfer function are analyzed. The research results show that low capacitances measurement by measuring the rectangular pulses duration is the most effective measurement method.

Optimization Of Bioethanol Production Using An Enzymatic Hydrolysis Process With Green Algae (Chaetomorpha) As The Raw Material, Teuku Maimun, Mirna Rahmah Lubis, Muhammad Aldi Zein, Wahed Febbry Andriansyah Ali

Makara Journal of Technology

Bioethanol is an alternative fuel derived from biological feedstock used to decrease the reliance on fossil fuels because of increasing energy consumption associated with population growth and increased use of oil fuels. Bioethanol production has been widely conducted using several types of algae, but the optimal conditions for the hydrolysis and fermentation processes are not explained in more detail. Therefore, this study focuses on determining the optimal conditions for hydrolysis and fermentation to maximize the bioethanol yield. This study uses optimization based on the hydrolysis time, temperature, and pH to increase the reducing sugar content using high-performance liquid chromatography in …

Effect Of Tibial Malrotation On Anterior And Posterior Cruciate Ligaments In Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty, Muhammad Saakeereen Sa’Audi, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Solehuddin Shuib, Muhammad Azim Mat Raffei, Mohd Fairudz Mohd Miswan, Mohd Afzan Mohd Anuar

Makara Journal of Technology

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disorder specified as a joint disease that affects mostly human joints worldwide. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is performed to restore the affected joint and relieve the symptoms. However, tibial malrotation, which is one of the most common errors in TKA, results in poor function of the implant and pain after the procedure. People with OA often experience limited mobility and cannot accomplish daily tasks. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been widely applied to interpret the biomechanical and kinematic force along the joint and investigate the cruciate ligament’s mechanical behavior. Unfortunately, one of the problems in …

Synthesis Of A Control System For A Non-Stationary Dynamic Plant Based On A Regulator-Predictor, Isamiddin Hakimovich Siddikov, Begovot Sheraliyevich Ibragimov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The paper considers the issues of synthesizing a predictor controller as part of a control system for a non-stationary dynamic plant with a predictive model. Technological processes in industry, in essence, have non-stationarity properties, the parameters of which can change during the execution of technological operations. To control such nonstationary dynamic control plants, controllers built on the basis of predictive models have found wide application. The article is devoted to the issue of studying automatic control systems of a non-stationary dynamic plant with a base regulator-predictor. To synthesize a regulator - predictor, it is proposed to use a predictive model …

Developing Decision-Making Models And Algorithms To Help Prevent Emergencies, Mizaakbar Xakkulmirzayevich Hudayberdiyev, Oybek Zokirovich Koraboshev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article is devoted to the solution of the scientific issue of decision-making support for the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergency situations. The relevance of this issue is related to the need to develop a theoretical basis for optimizing the risk of adverse effects on human health and the environment in connection with emergency situations, and a predictive model for the development of emergency situations and their prevention or elimination of their consequences. The optimization of the importance measure of signs for predicting the values of the factors of fire conditions has been carried out. In addition, …

Mathematical Modelling Of The Solar Drying Of Apricot, Sarvar Rejabov, Botir Shukurillayevich Usmonov, Asqar Artikov, Komil Usmanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Agricultural products provide significant growth in export earnings for many countries and provide food globally. Fruits and vegetables are perishable foods due to their high moisture content. Therefore, most agricultural products require post-harvest processing such as drying to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and maintain nutrient quality. Solar drying is widely used for this purpose. Ambient temperature, humidity and solar radiation affect the drying time and quality of agricultural products, especially apricots, in solar dryers. The experiments were carried out in the same place (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) and in the same time interval. When the mass of apricots …

Review Of Fuzzy Models And Fuzzy Methods For Analysis Of Information In Conditions Of Emotional Decision Making, Latafat Gardashova, Royal Shirinov, Diana Boqdanova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In the modern world, decision-making often takes place in an environment of uncertainty and under the significant influence of emotional factors, which requires the use of special methods for analyzing information. This study is devoted to an overview of fuzzy models and methods that allow such factors to be taken into account when making decisions. In particular, the approaches based on fuzzy logic, fuzzy cognitive maps and fuzzy clustering methods that provide flexibility and adaptability in conditions of uncertainty are considered. The study analyzes examples of the application of these methods in various fields, including risk management, medical diagnostics and …