Engineering Commons^™

The Shoulder Effect In The Stagnation Zone For Temperature-Controlled Jet Impingement Transition Boiling Of Submerged Dielectric Fluid, Tyler P. Stamps, Justin A. Weibel

CTRC Research Publications

Two-phase jet impingement is capable of high heat transfer coefficients and high boiling critical heat flux (CHF) limits, making it a suitable technology for electronics immersion cooling applications. Previous studies have focused on the heat-flux-controlled nucleate boiling performance of an impingement jet up to the CHF. Exploration of other boiling regimes that occur under temperature-controlled surfaces is of equal fundamental importance. It has been shown for free jets that a high and consistent heat flux can be dissipated over a wide range of surface superheats in the transition boiling regime when the surface is temperature-controlled. This so-called “shoulder effect”, or …

Comm-Modulation & Data Transmission Errors, Robert J. Twiggs

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A PowerPoint Presentation created by Professor Bob Twiggs on "Comm-Modulation & Data Transmission Errors" from August 2, 2024.

Evaluating The Role Of Data Enrichment Approaches Towards Rare Event Analysis In Manufacturing, Chathurangi Shyalika, Ruwan Wickramarachchi, Fadi El Kalach, Ramy Harik, Amit P. Sheth

Publications

Rare events are occurrences that take place with a significantly lower frequency than more common, regular events. These events can be categorized into distinct categories, from frequently rare to extremely rare, based on factors like the distribution of data and significant differences in rarity levels. In manufacturing domains, predicting such events is particularly important, as they lead to unplanned downtime, a shortening of equipment lifespans, and high energy consumption. Usually, the rarity of events is inversely correlated with the maturity of a manufacturing industry. Typically, the rarity of events affects the multivariate data generated within a manufacturing process to be …

Synthesis Of Uv-Blocking Titanium Oxide Films Via Remote-Type Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Cvd, Hayate Endo, Akira Shirakura, Shinya Kudo, Tetsuya Suzuki

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

This study aims to enhance UV resistance in plastics, focusing on polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) commonly used in reuseable packaging. Traditional organic UV absorbers face safety and cost challenges, prompting our investigation into alternative methods. We utilized chemical vapor deposition (CVD), specifically Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Enhanced CVD (AP-PE-CVD), to apply titanium oxide (TiO₂) thin films. This innovative approach, using a remote-type AP-PE-CVD technique, enables coating on complex surfaces and 3D objects. The produced TiO2 films, containing over 20% titanium, showed a UV transmittance of 14.5% at 310 nm and effective UV blocking starting at 372 nm. The …

Development And Structural Origin Of Stretchable Semiconducting Polymers And Composites, Yunfei Wang

Dissertations

Stretchable semiconductors are pivotal in advancing wearable and implantable electronics, with those boasting both high stretchability and self-healing capabilities being especially significant for a myriad of wearable applications. In this dissertation, we developed an extremely soft, highly stretchable, and self-healing elastomer based on H-bonding crosslinked amide-functionalized polyisobutylene (PIB-amide). When blended with a high-performance conjugated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP-T) polymer, the composite exhibits unprecedented stretchability, exceptionally low elastic modulus, and an innate ability to self-heal at room temperature.

The morphology of conjugated polymer/elastomer semiconducting composites have significant impacts on electrical and mechanical properties Further investigations focused on manipulating the phase separation size in …

Effect Of Absorption Kinetics Of Superabsorbent Polymers On Printability And Interlayer Bond Of 3d Printing Concrete, Yu Cun Gu, Shuyi Zheng, Hongyan Ma, Wu Jian Long, Kamal H. Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study examines the effect of the material characteristics of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) on the printability and interlayer bond strength of 3D printing concrete. Three types of SAP, including two acrylamide-co-acrylic polymers with coarse and fine particle sizes (S1 and S2) and an acrylic copolymer (S3), were employed. The investigated mortar mixtures had a fixed initial mini-slump flow of 195 ± 10 mm and yield stress of 290 ± 25 Pa. The fluidity of SAP-incorporated mortars was maintained by either adjusting the superplasticizer dosage or increasing the water content. Test results indicate that particle flocculation is dependent on SAP absorption …

Extrudability Window And Offline Test Methods To Predict Buildability Of 3d Printing Concrete, Yu Cun Gu, Kamal H. Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Investigates the Effect of Thixotropy and Stiffness Evolution on the Extrudability and Buildability of 3D Printing Concrete. Different Types of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Limestone Filler Were Used to Prepare Mortars with Varying Levels of Thixotropy and Early-Age Stiffness. Mixtures with Yield Stress and Flocculation (Τfloc) of 180–400 and 420–950 Pa, Respectively, Exhibited Adequate Extrudability Without Plastic Collapse. the Printing Was Completed 8–15 Min after Mixing at a Vertical Build-Up Rate of 138 Mm/min. Several Process Parameters, Including Rest Time to Secure a Penetration Resistance of 150 KPa (T150) and Penetration Resistance at Various Rest Times Were Developed …

The Effectiveness Of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oils (Wtpos) As Rejuvenating Agents For Asphalt Materials, Ahmed S. El-Ashwah, Magdy Abdelrahman

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The continuous increase in solid waste materials, such as waste tires, underscores the critical importance of recycling them to mitigate environmental impact and promote sustainable resource management. This research study evaluated the effectiveness of utilizing waste tire pyrolysis oils (WTPOs) as recycling agents for asphalt materials. The chemical composition and thermal behavior of WTPO were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanically, the prepared WTPO binders were assessed by measuring dynamic viscosity and changes in high- and intermediate-temperature performance grades. Additionally, the cracking susceptibility of the binders was evaluated using the Glover-Rowe (G-R) parameter. The …

Evaluation Of The Alveolar Crest And Cemento-Enamel Junction In Periodontitis Using Object Detection On Periapical Radiographs, Tai Jung Lin, Yi Cheng Mao, Yuan Jin Lin, Chin Hao Liang, Yi Qing He, Yun Chen Hsu, Shih Lun Chen, Tsung Yi Chen, Chiung An Chen, Kuo Chen Li, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Ateneo Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Environments

The severity of periodontitis can be analyzed by calculating the loss of alveolar crest (ALC) level and the level of bone loss between the tooth’s bone and the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). However, dentists need to manually mark symptoms on periapical radiographs (PAs) to assess bone loss, a process that is both time-consuming and prone to errors. This study proposes the following new method that contributes to the evaluation of disease and reduces errors. Firstly, innovative periodontitis image enhancement methods are employed to improve PA image quality. Subsequently, single teeth can be accurately extracted from PA images by object detection with …

Settingsorder Article Reprints Open Accessarticle A Model To Account For The Effects Of Load Ratio And Hydrogen Pressure On The Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Of Pressure Vessel Steels, Ashok Saxena, Kip O. Findley

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A phenomenological model for estimating the effects of load ratio R and hydrogen pressure P_H2 on the hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth rate (HA-FCGR) behavior in the transient and steady-state regimes of pressure vessel steels is described. The "transient regime" is identified with crack growth within a severely embrittled zone of intense plasticity at the crack tip. The "steady-state" behavior is associated with the crack growing into a region of comparatively lower hydrogen concentration located further away from the crack tip. The model treats the effects of R and P_H2 as being functionally separable. In the transient …

Quantifying The Impact Of Technology Utilization On Schedule And Cost Performance In Construction Projects, Fareed Salih, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

There Has Been a Plethora of Research on the Performance of Schedule and Cost in Construction Projects. However, Current Research Falls Short in Investigating the Combined Contribution of Different Construction Technologies on Project Performance Metrics. Specifically, None of the Previous Efforts Have Used Integrated Earned Value Management (EVM) Parameters and Utilized Construction Technologies to Assess Project Schedule and Cost Performance. This Paper Fills This Knowledge Gap. to This End, a Multistep Research Methodology Was Employed to (1) Explore the Utilization Ratings of 13 Construction Technologies based on Data Collected from 52 Industry Experts; (2) Rank These Technologies in Terms of …

Surface Patterning On Zirconia Dental Implants Via Laser-Induced Shockwave Imprinting, Inomjon Majidov

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Zirconia is rapidly becoming a preferred alternative to titanium in dental applications, primarily due to its aesthetic resemblance to natural teeth. This material’s tooth-like color avoids the aesthetic issues associated with the grey metal tint of titanium implants. Additionally, zirconia is hypoallergenic, making it an ideal choice for patients with metal sensitivities or allergies. Despite these advantages, zirconia generally exhibits lower biocompatibility and osseointegration compared to titanium implants. This study investigates laser-assisted, controlled imprinting technique on zirconia surfaces to enhance these properties. Our research used zirconia pellets, produced from powdered monoclinic zirconia pressed in a pellet press machine. Two methods …

Quantifying Lock Criticality For Inland Waterway Navigation Using An Agent-Based Simulation, Ashwin Narayan

Industrial Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Inland waterway travel has tremendous potential to improve multimodal transportation in the United States due to its environment-friendly and safe nature. Waterway travel has proven to be much cheaper per ton-mile and more fuel efficient than trucks. Millions of dollars have recently been invested in inland waterway networks to facilitate travel. The waterway infrastructure must be resilient to enable efficient waterway travel and prevent unnecessary delays. Locks, an important component of waterway infrastructure, enable vessels to travel between waterways of varying depths and must be maintained consistently to avoid unexpected failures. However, with limited resources, it is difficult to preserve …

Thrombogenicity Of Biodegradable Metals, D. E.J. Anderson, H. H. Le, H. Vu, J. Johnson, J. E. Aslan, J. Goldman, M. T. Hinds

Michigan Tech Publications

Biodegradable metals offer a promising means to ameliorate many of the long-term risks associated with vascular devices made of conventional biostable stent metals. While numerous biodegradable metal alloys have been developed and characterized in animal models, knowledge of their blood reactivity and thrombogenicity remains unknown. Metal hemocompatibility is particularly valuable because current generation drug-eluting stents pose a significant long-term thrombosis risk. In this study, four pure metals, widely used as degradable base materials (Fe, Zn, Mg, and Mo), and three alloys commonly used in cardiovascular devices [NiTi, CoCr, and stainless steel (SS)] were evaluated. This work examined how each of …

An Efficient Neutrosophic Approach For Evaluating Possible Industry 5.0 Enablers In Consumer Electronics: A Case Study, Mai Mohamed, Asmaa Elsayed, Bilal Arain, Jun Ye

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

With the use of cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 5.0 represents a breakthrough move towards a sustainable and human-centered industrial future. Industry 5.0 endeavors to transform industries such as consumer electronics by emphasizing sustainability and collaboration, in contrast to its predecessors, who only concentrated on automation and efficiency. Along with improved manufacturing efficiency and product innovation, this change in the consumer electronics sector also redefines the human-machine interaction. This paper proposes a novel hybrid integrating model that combines the Entropy Weight Method (EWM), Best-Worst Method (BWM), and an acronym in Portuguese …

Cubic Soft Ideals On B-Algebra For Solving Complex Problems: Trend Analysis, Proofs, Improvements, And Applications, Muhammad Saeed, Hafiz Inam Ul Haq, Mubashir Ali

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of cubic soft (CS) algebra, CS o-subalgebra, and CS ideals within the framework of B-algebra. We provide comprehensive characterizations of these new structures, elucidating their unique properties and interrelationships. Specifically, we present detailed conditions under which a CS subalgebra can be classified as a closed CS ideal. Our analysis explores the intricate relationships among closed cubic soft ideals, cubic soft subalgebras, and cubic soft o-subalgebras. By doing so, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of how these structures interact and coexist within the broader context of B-algebra The findings offer significant insights …

Divergence Measures And Aggregation Operators For Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets With Applications In Decision-Making Problems, Surender Singh, Sonam Sharma

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) facilitate the representation of uncertain information more extensively than conventional methods. The study of divergence measures of SVNSs is important due to their applications in different areas like multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), pattern recognition, cluster analysis, machine learning, etc., In this paper, we introduce a divergence measure for SVNSs. The suggested divergence measure is applied to cluster analysis for the classification of imprecise data. For establishing the reasonability and advantage of the suggested divergence measure in a clustering problem over the existing measures, a comparative assessment is also presented. Furthermore, we introduce, an inferior ratio method for …

Localized Hermite Method Of Approximate Particular Solutions, Kwesi Acheampong

Dissertations

A localized Hermite method of approximate particular solutions (LHMAPS) is presented in this dissertation. This method is designed to improve the accuracy of the localized method of approximate particular solutions (LMAPS) for solving partial differential equations. LMAPS is a strong-form method that defines local radial basis function approximations to the solution values at a group of collocation points before applying the differential operator to this approximation function. Based on the LMAPS's local scheme, LHMAPS seeks Hermite-type local approximations based on both function values and derivatives. Numerical experiments validate the superior accuracy of the proposed method to the LMAPS by solving …

Application Of Agent-Based Simulation And Game Theory In Evaluating Implementation Of Whole Genome Sequencing In Treating Lung Cancer, Fateme Ghalenoei

Master's Theses

Cancer, particularly lung cancer, presents significant diagnostic and economic challenges globally. Timely diagnosis and cost management play pivotal roles in treatment success. A biomarker is any measurable molecule in blood, bodily fluids, or tissues, indicating the potential presence of an abnormal bodily process, condition, or disease. Biomarker testing is a laboratory test in oncology that is used in the selection of targeted cancer treatments and to help avoid ineffective treatments. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), is a biomarker test which while more comprehensive, comes at a higher cost. This study proposes an agent-based simulation model within a game-theoretic framework to examine …

Unrefined And Milled Ilmenite As A Cost-Effective Photocatalyst For Uv-Assisted Destruction And Mineralization Of Pfas, Eustace Y. Fernando, Zhiming Zhang

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fluorinated and refractory pollutants that are ubiquitous in industrial wastewater. Photocatalytic destruction of such pollutants with catalysts such as TiO2 and ZnO is an attractive avenue for removal of PFAS, but refined forms of such photocatalysts are expensive. This study, for the first time, utilized milled unrefined raw mineral ilmenite, coupled to UV-C irradiation to achieve mineralization of the two model PFAS compounds perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Results obtained using a bench-scale photocatalytic reactor system demonstrated rapid removal kinetics of PFAS compounds (>90% removal in less than 10 …

Batch And Placement Size Effects On The Setting Time Of Bcsa Cement Concrete, Micaiah Rivers

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Belitic calcium sulfoaluminate cement (BCSA) is an alternative to portland cement which offers numerous benefits due to its rapid-setting behavior and sustainability properties. BCSA cement concrete has many potential applications, particularly for structural and transportation infrastructure repair. Due to the rapid-setting properties of BCSA cement, a comprehensive understanding of the setting process is critical for efficient and effective use of this material. The primary objective of this research was to determine the effects of mixture size on the setting time and temperature behavior of BCSA cement concrete, and to investigate the relationship between initial set time and workability. Using a …

An Investigation Of The Effect Of Performance Engineered Mixture (Pem) Design On Durability And Air Void Matrix Of Concrete Pavements, Jacob Ortlieb

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Performance Engineered Mixture (PEM) design is a novel method of creating concrete pavement that is economical achieving desirable performance properties such as durability, strength, and workability. Performance-based design is critical for concrete pavements, so the fresh concrete can be placed without issue and the hardened concrete can withstand deterioration and environmental damage such as freezing and thawing. To achieve economical concrete, PEM utilizes tools such as the tarantula curve for aggregate grading, and the Super Air Meter (SAM) test, providing information regarding the air void matrix while the concrete is fresh. To achieve these properties with less cement will lead …

Development Of An Innovative Rapidly Constructible Bridge, Swikar N. Pyakurel

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rapidly deployable temporary bridges are critical for military operations in hostile environments. The research focuses on conceptualizing bridge solutions for MLC 40 loading and 30 feet span that can be operational within hours, require minimal personnel and equipment, and are compact for logistics. An extensive literature review covered historic deployable structures, retractable stadium roofs, structures in aerospace, permanent deployable bridges, current military bridges, innovative deck solutions, lightweight structural materials, and compliant mechanisms. The study then investigated bridge superstructures made of lightweight Aluminum 6061-T6 alloy utilizing tensegrity and prefabricated aluminum extruded decks to meet the criteria. Two concepts, expandable scissor truss …

Impact Of Equipment Type On Measured Particle Size Of Civil Engineering Materials, Tanner Turben

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Particle size analysis (PSA) captures the size distribution of fine-grained or emulsified materials with particles generally smaller than 1000 microns. Asphalt emulsions and many other civil engineering materials do not leverage PSA for material specifications or acceptance despite the insight into material performance and quality gained through understanding the particle size. The objectives of this study are to compare PSA measurement principles by testing 13 civil engineering materials by laser diffraction, Coulter counter, and microscopy and to develop a draft standard procedure for asphalt emulsion PSA. Asphalt emulsions, cementitious materials, sands, clays, and biological samples were selected to represent a …

Identifying Waterway Traffic Flow Patterns Using Modified Clustering, Shihao Pang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Efficient management of inland waterways is essential for the economic and operational efficiency of transportation networks. Characterization and prediction of waterway vessel traffic flow patterns by time of day are critical for optimizing planned disruptive events like maintenance activities. This study identifies and predicts inland waterway traffic flow patterns along the Lower Mississippi River (LMR) using a modified clustering approach. A five-year period of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, which tracks vessel movements in real-time, is used for model development and evaluation. The model first segments the river into approximately one-mile-long traffic message channels (TMCs) to estimate vessel counts and …

Applying Uas Lidar For Developing Small Project Terrain Models, Ashraf Siddiqui

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) LiDAR was used to collect survey data for small-area projects, particularly bridge replacement projects. The project aimed to compare UAS LiDAR data with conventional surveying methods. For the project, five bridge sites were selected for UAS LiDAR and conventional survey data collection, which include Lincoln Bridge 1 (East), Lincoln Bridge 2 (West), Humnoke, Frenchman’s Bayou, and Mountain Home. Data for each site was collected during the 2021–2022 winter. A DJI M600 Pro and Phoenix LiDAR Systems AL3-16 LiDAR unit were used for the UAS LiDAR measurements. The conventional survey equipment used included a global navigation satellite …

Real-Time Barge Detection Using Traffic Cameras And Deep Learning On Inland Waterways, Geoffery Eyram Agorku

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Inland waterways are critical for freight movement, but limited means exist for monitoring their performance and usage by freight-carrying vessels, e.g., barges. While methods to track vessels, e.g., tug and tow boats, are publicly available through Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), ways to track freight tonnages and commodity flows carried on barges along these critical marine highways are non-existent, especially in real-time settings. This paper develops a method to detect barge traffic on inland waterways using existing traffic cameras with opportune viewing angles. Deep learning models, specifically, You Only Look Once (YOLO), Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), and EfficientDet are employed. …

Assessing Soil Properties & Suitability For Optimized Irrigation Development In Sudan, Northern Africa, Suhib O. Hamid

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Masters Project Reports

In Chapter 1, soil properties essential for efficient irrigation are thoroughly assessed. Factors such as soil texture, infiltration rates, and nutrient content are analyzed to provide insights into the selection of modern irrigation systems. Utilizing data collected from 3,192 locations through GPS and laboratory analyses, alongside sophisticated ranking systems, the research determines the most suitable irrigation methods for specific soil series. Findings highlight the remarkable efficiency of drip irrigation across various soil types, contrasting with the consistently lower performance of surface irrigation. The chapter emphasizes the significance of considering soil variability, evapotranspiration, and investment factors in selecting irrigation methods for …

Evaluation Of Roadway Reconfigurations In Louisville, Kentucky, William Staats, Adam Kirk

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In 2009, Louisville Metro Public Works undertook its first roadway reconfiguration project, converting a section of Eastern Parkway (US 60A) from a four-lane undivided road to a three-lane section with a two-way left-turn lane and one travel lane in each direction. Since this initial project, Louisville Metro Public Works and the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) have completed 40 roadway reconfigurations to reduce the number of through lanes and reassign existing right-of-way to other roadway users. Additionally, the agencies have 25 more planned or proposed reconfiguration projects. This report documents the safety and operational performance of reconfigured roads. Across all projects, …

Story Of Your Lazy Function’S Life: A Bidirectional Demand Semantics For Mechanized Cost Analysis Of Lazy Programs, Liyao Xia, Laura Israel, Maite Kramarz, Stephanie Weirich, Koen Claessen, Nicolas Coltharp, Yao Li

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lazy evaluation is a powerful tool that enables better compositionality and potentially better performance in functional programming, but it is challenging to analyze its computation cost. Existing works either require manually annotating sharing, or rely on separation logic to reason about heaps of mutable cells. In this paper, we propose a bidirectional demand semantics that allows for extrinsic reasoning about the computation cost of lazy programs without relying on special program logics. To show the effectiveness of our approach, we apply the demand semantics to a variety of case studies including insertion sort, selection sort, Okasaki's banker's queue, and the …