Engineering Commons^™

Zeta Potential Of Supercritical Co2-Water-Sandstone Systems And Its Correlation With Wettability And Residual Subsurface Trapping Of Co2, Jan Vinogradov, Miftah Hidayat, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh, David Vega-Maza, Stefan Iglauer, Lijuan Zhang, Dajiang Mei, Jos Derksen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Although CO2 geological storage (CGS) is thought to be one of the most promising technologies to sequester the anthropogenic CO2 to mitigate the climate change, implementation of the method is still challenging due to lack of fundamental understanding of controls of wettability, which is responsible for residual trapping of the gas and its flow dynamics. One of the key parameters that controls the wetting state is the zeta potential, ζ, at rock-water and CO2-water interfaces. ζ in systems comprising rocks, carbonated aqueous solutions and immiscible supercritical CO2 have not been measured prior to this study, where we detail the experimental …

Deciphering Rodent Behavior: Unraveling Complex Decision-Making Through High-Throughput Data Analysis In Behavioral Neuroscience, Atanu Giri

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Understanding the effects of substance use on decision-making is critical for both clinical andtranslational research. In this thesis, I present two complementary studies that explore decision- making behavior in rodents with a focus on alcohol consumption and novel experimental frame- works. The first study examines the impact of acute alcohol consumption on decision-making in a behavioral approach-avoidance task. Rats were presented with a concurrent choice of consuming alcohol and sucrose mixtures across four distinct concentrations, allowing for the analysis of ap- proach or avoidance behavior. Sex-dependent differences emerged, with male rats demonstrating a significantly higher tendency to approach higher alcohol …

An Overview Of Ancillary Services Provided By Vehicle-To-Grid Systems, Fazel Mohammadi, Mahmood Mirhashemi

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems are emerging as a pivotal technology in modern power systems, offering a range of ancillary services that enhance the stability and reliability of power systems. This paper provides an overview of the key ancillary services provided by V2G systems, highlighting their role in grid modernization. Technical challenges, economic implications, and policy considerations associated with the deployment of V2G systems are explored to assess their potential impact on advancing a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Bridging Human And Machine Intelligence: Reverse-Engineering Radiologist Intentions For Clinical Trust And Adoption, Akash Awasthi, Ngan Le, Zhigang Deng, Rishi Agrawal, Carol C. Hu, Hien Van Nguyen

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the rapidly evolving landscape of medical imaging, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with clinical expertise offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance diagnostic precision and accuracy. Yet, the "black box" nature of AI models often limits their integration into clinical practice, where transparency and interpretability are important. This paper presents a novel system leveraging the Large Multimodal Model (LMM) to bridge the gap between AI predictions and the cognitive processes of radiologists. This system consists of two core modules, Temporally Grounded Intention Detection (TGID) and Region Extraction (RE). The TGID module predicts the radiologist's intentions by analyzing eye gaze fixation …

Visual Causal Question And Answering With Knowledge Graph Link Prediction, Utkarshani Jaimini, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

The ability to answer causal questions is important for any system that requires robust scene under- standing. In this demonstration, we develop a prototype system that leverages our causal link prediction framework, CausalLP. CausalLP framework uses a visual causal knowledge graph and associated knowledge graph embedding for two visual causal question and answering tasks- (i) causal explanation and (ii) causal prediction. In the live demonstration sessions, the participants will be invited to test the efficiency and effectiveness of the system for visual causal question and answering.

Techniques For Modeling Ocean Soundscapes: Detailed Description For Wind Contributionsa, Martin Siderius, Michael A. Ainslie, John Gebbie, Alexandra Schäfke, N Ross Chapman, Bruce Martin, Kay L. Gemba

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Wind over the ocean creates breaking waves that generate air-filled bubbles, which radiate underwater sound. This wind-generated sound is a significant component of the ocean soundscape, and models are essential for understanding and predicting its impact. Models for predicting sound pressure level (SPL) from wind have been studied for many years. However, the terminology and definitions behind modeling approaches have not been unified, and ambiguity has led to differences in predicted SPL. The 2022 Ambient Sound Modeling Workshop was organized to compare ambient sound modeling approaches from different researchers. The main goal of the workshop was to quantify differences in …

Smuggling Of Person By Sea In Southeast Asia : From Regional Perspective, Sovisal Srey

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Organisational Resilience : A Study Of The Resilience Of Maritime Stakeholders In Ghana, Priscilla Ami Dogbeda Dzokoto

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Stressfit: A Hybrid Wearable Physicochemical Sensor Suite For Simultaneously Measuring Electromyogram And Sweat Cortisol, Nafize Ishtiaque Hossain, Tanzila Noushin, Shawana Tabassum

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study introduces StressFit, a novel hybrid wearable sensor system designed to simultaneously monitor electromyogram (EMG) signals and sweat cortisol levels. Our approach involves the development of a noninvasive skin patch capable of monitoring skin temperature, sweat pH, cortisol levels, and corresponding EMG signals using a combination of physical and electrochemical sensors integrated with EMG electrodes. StressFit was optimized by enhancing sensor output and mechanical resilience for practical application on curved body surfaces, ensuring accurate acquisition of cortisol, pH, body temperature, and EMG data without sensor interference. In addition, we integrated an onboard data processing unit with Internet of Things …

Synthesis And Properties Of (Hf,Mo,Ti,W,Zr)B2–(Hf,Mo,Ti,W,Zr)C Dual Phase Ceramics, S. Filipović, S. M. Smith, G. Hilmas, W. Fahrenholtz, N. Obradović, S. Curtarolo

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Dense, dual phase (Hf,Mo,Ti,W,Zr)B₂–(Hf,Mo,Ti,W,Zr)C ceramics were synthesized with varying contents of Mo and W. The final (Hf_0.317Mo_0.025Ti_0.317W_0.025Zr_0.317)C–(Hf_0.317Mo_0.025Ti_0.317W_0.025Zr_0.317)B₂ was a nominally pure, dual phase ceramic, while compositions with higher amounts of Mo and W contained multiple phases. The final microstructures had submicron grains due to pinning effects. Vickers hardness values were up to 48.6 ± 2.2 GPa for an applied load of 0.49 N for the ceramic with optimized composition and densification. The solubility limits for Mo and …

Application Of The Neutrosophic Poisson Distribution Series On The Harmonic Subclass Of Analytic Functions Using The Salagean Derivative Operator, Adeniyi M. Gbolagade, Ibrahim T. Awolere, Olusola Adeyemo, Abiodun T. Oladipo

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The authors explore the innovative application of the Neutrosophic series, particularly the Neutrosophic Poisson Distribution Series (NPDS), to investigate various indeterminacy or uncertainties inherent in the classical univalent harmonic function class. The Neutrosophic Poisson Distribution Series is equipped with a Salangean derivative operator and convoluted with analytic univalent harmonic function class to derive new properties, such as inclusion relation, and coefficient inequalities for star-likeness. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in capturing the inherent uncertainties and complexities associated with harmonic functions. There are several other areas of importance of our results that can be unlocked by computer …

Enhancement Of Search And Rescue Within The Coastal Waters Of Sierra Leone, Mohamed Osman Kamara

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Atmosphere Effects In Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review, Ben Brown, Cody Lough, Davis Wilson, Joseph Newkirk, Frank Liou

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of components fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) requires the development of processing parameters that can produce high-quality material. Manipulating the most commonly identified critical build parameters (e.g., laser power, laser scan speed, and layer thickness) on LPBF equipment can generate acceptable parts for established materials and moderately intricate part geometries. The need to fabricate increasingly complex parts from unique materials drives the limited research into LPBF process control using underutilized parameters, such as atmosphere composition and pressure. As presented in this review, manipulating atmosphere composition and pressure in laser beam welding has been shown to expand …

Global Empirical Model Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates, Eli V. Parsch, Anthony L. Franz, Eugene V. Dao, Dong L. Wu, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Cornelius C. J. H. Salinas, Daniel J. Emmons

Faculty Publications

Intense ionization enhancements in the Earth’s ionosphere, known as sporadic-E (E_s), can degrade and severely disrupt the propagation of radio signals. Although many previous studies have analyzed the characteristics and morphologies of sporadic-E, few efforts have attempted to model global E_s occurrence rates (ORs) at high time resolutions. This study develops a global empirical model of blanketing sporadic-E occurrence rates using a Karhunen–Loéve Expansion (KLE) of a global OR climatology built with Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and ionosonde observations. Using an fbE ≥ threshold of 3 MHz, the model outputs a blanketing sporadic-E …

Noncontact Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Of Synovial Fluid Samples For Rapid Identification Of Infections, Erin E. Drewke, Robert L. Brand, Caroline G. Geels, Hanna K. Jensen, Kevin Wong, Jarret D. Sanders, Narasimhan Rajaram

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Severe joint infections, such as septic arthritis, require rapid diagnostic testing of the synovial fluid aspirated from joints level so that a surgical team can be assembled quickly. We present a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system for noncontact determination of infection. Using a light-tight syringe holder and fiber optic probe, diffusely reflected light from 475 to 655 nm was acquired from 18 patient samples through the wall of a syringe in a noncontact and sterile manner. We determined the reflectance ratios at two different wavelengths—R ₄₉₀/R ₆₀₀ and R ₅₈₀/R ₆₀₀ and found statistically significant …

Use Of Cement-Free Geopolymer Composites In Different Construction Applications, Joud Mohamad Hewalla

Dissertations

The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has driven significant interest in the development of cement-free Geopolymer (GP) composites. A comprehensive scientometric analysis was conducted, highlighting a steady increase in research on geopolymer materials since 2013, with fire resistance, corrosion protection, and repair being the most studied applications. However, gaps remain in areas like 3D printing, heavy metals absorption, rehabilitation and repair, screed flooring, and shotcrete. The review emphasized the need for further investigation into lifecycle assessments and the potential use of diverse alumina- and silica-rich binders to enhance the environmental and mechanical properties of geopolymers. Accordingly, this thesis …

Expanded Combined Loading Injury Criterion For The Human Lumbar Spine Under Dynamic Compression, Maria Ortiz-Paparoni, Joost Op't Eynde, Christopher Eckersley, Concetta Morino, Mitchell Abrams, Derek Pang, Jason Kait, Frank A. Pintar, Narayan Yoganandan, Jason Moore, David Barnes, Kathryn Loftis, Cameron R. Bass

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Contemporary injury tolerance of the lumbar spine for under-body blast references axial compression and bending moments in a limited range. Since injuries often occur in a wider range of flexion and extension with increased moment contribution, this study expands a previously proposed combined loading injury criterion for the lumbar spine. Fifteen cadaveric lumbar spine failure tests with greater magnitudes of eccentric loading were incorporated into an existing injury criterion to augment its applicability and a combined loading injury risk model was proposed by means of survival analysis. A loglogistic distribution was the most representative of injury risk, resulting in optimized …

Seasonal Variation In Atp-Induced Retinal Damage In The Cone-Dominant 13-Lined Ground Squirrel, Owen R. Bowie, Hannah M. Follett, Ching Tzu Yu, Chloe Guillaume, Phyllis M. Summerfelt, Nicole Manfredonia, Jenna Grieshop, Dana K. Merriman, Sergey Tarima, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: To examine whether time of year (relative to hibernation emergence) influences the retinal degenerative effects of intravitreal injection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the 13-lined ground squirrel (13-LGS).

Methods: Eighteen (9 male, 9 female) 13-LGS in three experimental cohorts (early season, mid-season, late season) (n = 6 each) underwent baseline imaging using scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Animals then received a 10-µL intravitreal injection of 0.723 M ATP, followed by OCT and SLO imaging at 3, 10, and 21 days. Adaptive optics SLO (AOSLO) was performed in animals without retinal damage after the 21-day …

Human-Centered Approach For Resilience Assessment Of Healthcare Networks Subjected To Sequential Earthquakes, Emad Hassan, Hussam Mahmoud

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Healthcare services are critical for community resilience and stability as their role after disastrous events is indispensable to reducing casualties and returning the community to normalcy. Sequential mainshock-aftershock events can damage hospital components, reduce utility availability, and cause multiple patient surges. No studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of mainshock-aftershock events on healthcare resilience. Accordingly, here we investigate the impact of multiple earthquakes on the healthcare network in Shelby County, Tennessee, and determine the optimal resources needed to enhance its functionality. The functionality is estimated by combining functionality quantity and quality terms. The quantity is calculated based on …

Circular Economy Integration In Leed: A Decade Of Materials And Resources Credit Achievement Patterns, Radwa Eissa, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Previous studies consistently label the Materials and Resources (MR) credit category of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) as the least attainable, despite its critical role in transitioning to a circular economy (CE). To this end, a long-standing gap exists in understanding the MR credit achievement, especially in LEED v4, which has been in use for nearly over a decade. This paper evaluates the level of CE integration in LEED v4 across 971 US-based certified projects. The study comprehensively analyzed the projects achievement patterns of the five MR credits: Building Life Cycle Impact Reduction (C1), Environmental Product Declarations …

Anti-Corrosion Performance Of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Coating On Steel Reinforcement: The Effect Of Boric Acid, Fan Zhang, Jihui Qin, Kangyi Cai, John J. Myers, Hongyan Ma

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It has recently been found that magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) paste coating applied on the surface of steel reinforcement can effectively retard the onset of corrosion and suppress corrosion reactions. However, the fast-setting nature of MKPC—which is a merit in repair—can be problematic in a practical engineering process of coating the steel reinforcement with MKPC paste. To address this problem, boric acid (H₃BO₃) was added as a retarder in an MKPC formulation to prolong the setting time. This work investigated the impact of boric acid (at 5% by weight of MgO) on the anti-corrosion performance …

Temperature Effect On The Properties And Response Of Composite Materials And Plates, Victor Birman

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The paper illustrates the effect of temperature on composite material properties and its influence on the response of composite plates. Two composites considered include laminae with uniaxially oriented and with in-plane randomly oriented fibers. Analytical solutions are presented for a uniformly heated large-aspect-ratio plate deforming into a cylindrical surface. The solutions are demonstrated for thermal buckling and natural frequencies for the cases of controlled loading and controlled displacements. Micromechanical residual and lifetime thermally induced stresses at the interface of fibers and matrix are assessed to predict a possible onset of local damage after the curing and during lifetime. The material …

Biocargos: Capture And Release Gels For Room Temperature Cell Storage., Justin Jacobson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Currently, cryovials on dry ice or liquid nitrogen vapor transportation vessels are primary ways utilized to transport mammalian cells from one location to another. Due to the safety concerns of dry ice and liquid nitrogen, associated costly shipping charges, and limitations of proper packaging and labeling of materials, these conventional shipping techniques are unacceptable. It is urgent to develop a safe and environmentally friendly protocol to preserve and ship the biological samples from one place to another. In this research, a method was developed for an ecofriendly and safe protocol to preserve cancer cells. The cell viability of cell line …

The Use Of Peracetic Acid And The Advanced Oxidation Process In Water Purification., Spencer Shipman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Next Round Brewing project was a project that sought to use treated wastewater to make potable drinking water using peracetic acid (PAA) and the advanced oxidation process and break the stigma around reclaimed water. In experiments, PAA was an efficient biocide which reduced the level of pathogens to within EPA standards. When PAA was coupled with the advanced oxidation process all organic matter was also reduced to within acceptable levels, and no biocide was left over in the final product, meaning PAA properly dissociated into harmless byproducts. A series of experiments are presented that vary concentrations of PAA, effluent …

The Effects Of Wildfires On The Mental And Physical Health Of School-Age Children In North America: A Scoping Review, Sarah Oerther, Sarah Manspeaker, Alison Wix, Daniel Oerther, Carmen Marsit

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: Wildfires are occurring more often and with greater intensity, leading to longer and harsher fire seasons. As a result, children are more frequently exposed to wildfire smoke, which increases their risk of mental and physical health effects. Purpose: The purpose of our scoping review is to explore the current literature on what is known about the direct and indirect impacts of wildfires on the mental and physical health of school-age children in North America (5 to 18-year-olds). Methods: A health sciences librarian-assisted literature search, with input from the research team, was performed. Results: A total of 16 studies were …

Causal Neuro-Symbolic Ai For Root Cause Analysis In Smart Manufacturing, Utkarshani Jaimini, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

Root cause analysis is the process of investigating the cause of a failure and providing measures to prevent future failures. It is an active area of research due to the complexities in manufacturing production lines and the vast amount of data that requires manual inspection. We present a combined approach of causal neuro-symbolic AI for root cause analysis to identify failures in smart manufacturing production lines. We have used data from an industry-grade rocket assembly line and a simulation package to demonstrate the effectiveness and relevance of our approach.

Ontology Design Metapattern For Relationtype Role Composition, Utkarshani Jaimini, Ruwan Wickramarachchi, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

RelationType is a metapattern that specifies a property in a knowledge graph that directly links the head of a triple with the type of the tail. This metapattern is useful for knowledge graph link prediction tasks, specifically when one wants to predict the type of a linked entity rather than the entity instance itself. The RelationType metapattern serves as a template for future extensions of an ontology with more fine-grained domain information.

Causal Knowledge Graph For Scene Understanding In Autonomous Driving, Utkarshani Jaimini, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

The current approaches to autonomous driving focus on learning from observation or simulated data. These approaches are based on correlations rather than causation. For safety-critical applications, like autonomous driving, it’s important to represent causal dependencies among variables in addition to the domain knowledge expressed in a knowledge graph. This will allow for a better understanding of causation during scenarios that have not been observed, such as malfunctions or accidents. The causal knowledge graph, coupled with domain knowledge, demonstrates how autonomous driving scenes can be represented, learned, and explained using counterfactual and intervention reasoning to infer and understand the behavior of …

Neutrosophic Logic-Based Crop Yield Prediction And Risk Assessment Using Least Squares Regression, M. Srikanth, R.N.V. Jagan Mohan, M. Chandra Naik

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Agriculture faces significant challenges due to climate change and unpredictable environmental factors, which impact crop yields and threaten food security. This study proposes a novel approach to crop yield prediction and risk assessment using neutrosophic logic and least squares regression. By integrating these methods, we aim to improve accuracy in predicting crop losses under uncertain conditions. The model classifies crops based on profitability and environmental risks, utilizing the independence test to evaluate the relationships between crop attributes. Our approach leverages deep learning techniques, such as restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), to enhance the analysis of crop data and provide farmers with …

Mitigating Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Ageing Residential Buildings Using An Urban Digital Twin Dashboard, Pradeep Alva, Martín Mosteiro-Romero, Clayton Miller, Rudi Stouffs

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

With the increasing stock of ageing infrastructure and resource constraints in Singapore, related risks and carbon emissions can be mitigated through long-term resilience planning, automated building inspection, and effective maintenance. Sustainable actions are needed to maintain Singapore's ageing infrastructure. Hence, a state-of-the-art control and management system is required in the form of smart city digital tools. We introduce an Urban Digital Twin (UDT)—GHG App for decision-makers in Singapore's operational building greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation and decarbonisation initiatives. Based on multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), a Potential for Intervention (PFI) map was created to rejuvenate the building system. Decision-makers can use …