Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Engineering Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1351 - 1380 of 197941

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Behavior Of Single Micropile Under Different Lateral Load Rates, Mohammed A. Al-Neami, Husam H. Baqir, Saif H. Hameed Jul 2026

Behavior Of Single Micropile Under Different Lateral Load Rates, Mohammed A. Al-Neami, Husam H. Baqir, Saif H. Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper displays an empirical work of a micropile inserted in the dry river sand with different length to diameter (L/D) ratios (13, 15, 27, 42, and 50). The experimental work is executed on the models of micropile to imitate the side force motion, acting on the micropile head to explain the micropile conduct due to the different side force rates. Forty-five models are tested (eighteen models for short pile, eighteen model for long pile and nine models for intermediate) embedded in different relative densities of sandy soil. The results illustrate that for the same relative density, the lateral load …

Go to article

Effect Of Co2 Laser On Glazed Zircon Surface Complemented By Zro2 Oxide, Zahraa Salman, Kadhim Hubeatir, Shihab Zaidan Jul 2026

Effect Of Co2 Laser On Glazed Zircon Surface Complemented By Zro2 Oxide, Zahraa Salman, Kadhim Hubeatir, Shihab Zaidan

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the effect of CO2 laser on glaze-dental Zirconia ceramics after adding ZrO2 nanoparticles to glaze is introduced, and its improvement methods are studied. Specimens have been prepared using CAD/CAM dental machines and sintered at 1530o-C. Then the surface was glazed with VITA glaze plus (5% and 10%) Nano ZrO2. A 15W continuous CO2 laser was used as the indicator power to irradiate the glaze layer. The main phase of the ceramic substrate is tetragonal Zirconia, and the alumina content in the corundum phase is a certain percentage. The appearance of the varnish on the ceramic substrate changes …

Go to article

An Improved Method For Combine (Lsb And Msb) Based On Color Image Rgb, Sally A. Mahdi Jul 2026

An Improved Method For Combine (Lsb And Msb) Based On Color Image Rgb, Sally A. Mahdi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Image steganography is the art of hiding data into an image by using the secret key. This paper presents two techniques that combine the most significant bit (MSB) as well as the least significant bit (LSB) based on a color image (24bit for RGB). The presented study proposes a novel method to combine (LSB and MSB) bits based on check MSB values and replace bits from LSB with a secret message. The result of this proposed method that made not affect quality stego -image based on the resulting histogram that shows a match between the cover image and stego- image …

Go to article

A New Proposed Coding Method For Steganography Purpose, Suhad Kadhem Jul 2026

A New Proposed Coding Method For Steganography Purpose, Suhad Kadhem

Engineering and Technology Journal

Transferring data in a safe way is one of the things that have been of interest since ancient times. Data hiding or steganography is a method used to protect the data during its transmission. Coding is a method to represent the data in another shape, so a high level of security is achieved by using coding and hiding data together. The proposed method is a hybrid between coding and hiding, but this paper focuses on proposed a data coding part only, such that the cover text (that used for information hiding) will be used to extract private information between the …

Go to article

Smart Door For Handicapped People Via Face Recognition And Voice Command Technique, Hanaa M. Salman, Rana T. Rasheed Jul 2026

Smart Door For Handicapped People Via Face Recognition And Voice Command Technique, Hanaa M. Salman, Rana T. Rasheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Smart home indicates an application for different technological implementations, it could indicate any system which controls the door lock and several other devices. Facial identification which is an important section to achieve surveillance and safety, especially for handicapped people, can be considered as one of the ways that deal with biometrics and performed to identify facial images via utilizing fundamental features of the face. A Raspberry Pi-based face recognition system using conventional face detection and recognition techniques is going to be supplied, so the method in which image-built biometrics uses a Raspberry Pi is described. The aim of the paper …

Go to article

Encryption Voip Based On Generated Biometric Key For Rc4 Algorithm, Raya W. Abd Aljabar, Nidaa F. Hassan Jul 2026

Encryption Voip Based On Generated Biometric Key For Rc4 Algorithm, Raya W. Abd Aljabar, Nidaa F. Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) calls are susceptible to interfere at many points by many attackers, thus encryption considered an important part in keeping VoIP. In this paper, Encryption VoIP based on Generated Biometric Key for RC4 Algorithm is proposed to encrypt the voice data before transmitting it over the network. The system uses a stream algorithm based on RC4 encryption with the new method of biometrics based Key generation technique. This system has generated complex keys in offline phase which is formed depend on features extracted using Linear Discernment Analysis (LDA) from face images. The experimental work shows that …

Go to article

Data Center Enhancement By Server Resources Utilization, Haider A. Ghanem, Rana F. Ghani, Mohammed N. Fadhil Jul 2026

Data Center Enhancement By Server Resources Utilization, Haider A. Ghanem, Rana F. Ghani, Mohammed N. Fadhil

Engineering and Technology Journal

Data centers are the main nerve of the Internet because of its hosting, storage, cloud computing and other services. All these services require a lot of work and resources, such as energy and cooling. The main problem is how to improve the work of data centers through increased resource utilization by using virtual host simulations and exploiting all server resources. In this paper, we have considered memory resources, where Virtual machines were distributed to hosts after comparing the virtual machines with the host from where the memory and putting the virtual machine on the appropriate host, this will reduce the …

Go to article

Preparation Zno Nanoparticles With Different Concentration By Laser Ablation In Liquid, Ghufran S. Jaber, Khawla S. Khashan, Maha J. Abbas Jul 2026

Preparation Zno Nanoparticles With Different Concentration By Laser Ablation In Liquid, Ghufran S. Jaber, Khawla S. Khashan, Maha J. Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

The effects of varying laser pulse numbers on the fabricated of ZnONPs by pulsed laser ablation in deionized water of Zn-metal are investigated. The Nd: YAG laser at energy 600mJ prepared three samples by change the laser pulse number (100, 150, and 200). The results were collected and examined using an electron scanning microscope, XRD – diffraction, and transmission electron microscope. The result revealed the colloidal spherical shape and the homogeneous composition of the ZnO NPs. The nanoparticles resulted in different concentrations and sized distributions by changing the pulse number of a laser. The average particle size and the mass …

Go to article

Intelligent Feature Selection Methods: A Survey, Noor Jameel, Hasanen S. Abdullah Jul 2026

Intelligent Feature Selection Methods: A Survey, Noor Jameel, Hasanen S. Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

Consider feature selection is the main in intelligent algorithms and machine learning to select the subset of data to help acquire the optimal solution. Feature selection used an extract the relevance of the data and discarding the irrelevance of the data with increment fast to select it and to reduce the dimensional of dataset. In the past, it used traditional methods, but these methods are slow of fast and accuracy. In modern times, however, it uses the intelligent methods, Genetic algorithm and swarm optimization methods Ant colony, Bees colony, Cuckoo search, Particle optimization, fish algorithm, cat algorithm, Genetic algorithm ...etc. …

Go to article

A Proposal Video Encryption Using Light Stream Algorithm, Ataa R. Alawi, Nidaa F. Hassan Jul 2026

A Proposal Video Encryption Using Light Stream Algorithm, Ataa R. Alawi, Nidaa F. Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Video encrypting is one technique to protect digital videos, it used to avoid unwanted interference and viewing of the transmitted videos. In this paper, a new selective video cryptography algorithm is suggested using light stream algorithm. As it known video size is large in size and it consume time in the encryption process, ChaCha a light encryption algorithm has been used to reduce the encryption time, encryption is done by Xoring frames of video with the key generated from ChaCha algorithm, it produced an acceptable results from robustness point view, but still encryption process consumed time, thus to speed up …

Go to article

Survey Of Recent Video Watermarking Techniques, Taisir N. Hummadia, Nidaa F. Hassanb Jul 2026

Survey Of Recent Video Watermarking Techniques, Taisir N. Hummadia, Nidaa F. Hassanb

Engineering and Technology Journal

With the development of the Internet coupled with expanding the accessibility of multimedia, various copyright issues have resulted. Several researchers have been working on watermarks to provide the security, durability, and a perception of multimedia. This paper a review of some recent works is presented related to video watermarking techniques, this study focuses on the pros and cons of recent video watermarking, areas of application, and the different types and attacks that are standing against these watermarking techniques. The results obtained from this study showed that watermark techniques based on the transfer domain, are more popular than those of the …

Go to article

Detection Face Parts In Image Using Neural Network Based On Matlab, Shahad L. Galib, Fouad S. Tahir, Asma A. Abdulrahman Jul 2026

Detection Face Parts In Image Using Neural Network Based On Matlab, Shahad L. Galib, Fouad S. Tahir, Asma A. Abdulrahman

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently, face recognition system (FRS) is implemented in different applications including a range of vital services like airports and banking systems for security purposes. Therefore, deployed surveillance systems have been established which led to the urgent need to develop a vital face recognition system. In this work, a new algorithm was proposed for recognition of the face, personal and color images by training the convolutional neural network using the MATLAB program to build a new program for detection of the face, then building a separate program to discover the lips, nose, and eyes, New methods were explored to analyze the …

Go to article

A Study Of The Effect Of Starch Content On The Water Absorption Of Pva/Starch Blends, Bushra H. Musa, Nahida J. Hameed Jul 2026

A Study Of The Effect Of Starch Content On The Water Absorption Of Pva/Starch Blends, Bushra H. Musa, Nahida J. Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present work aims to study physical tests such as the water absorption tests of PVA; PVA/corn starch blends at different mass percent (25, 30, 35, 40, and 50%) of corn starch after immersion in distilled water for ten minutes. The blends were also characterized by FTIR analysis, and an optical microscope. Casting method used to prepare samples. The results of water absorption exhibited that the weight losses of the sample increases the starch content rises in the PVA matrix. Also, it was found the highest value of the swelling ratio % at (50% PVA /50% Starch) blend, while minimum …

Go to article

Fracture Toughness Of Glass Infiltrated (3y-Tzp/Al2o3) Composite, Sara N. Ibrahim, Shihab A. Zaidan, Mudhafar A. Mohammed Jul 2026

Fracture Toughness Of Glass Infiltrated (3y-Tzp/Al2o3) Composite, Sara N. Ibrahim, Shihab A. Zaidan, Mudhafar A. Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Five different 3 mol.% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals/alumina (3Y-TZP/Al2O3) -glass specimens have been fabricated by the glass infiltration method. graphite additives were added to the (3Y-TZP/20Wt.%Al2O3) to obtain porous structure. The ATZ (Alumina Toughened Zirconia) skeleton have prepared by the normal compaction method. The specimen had been infiltrated by the glass (18Wt.% lithium hydroxide, 72 wt. % feldspar, and 10Wt.% nano Titanium oxide) at 1185ᵒC. Results showed that the porosity of (3Y-TZP/Al2O3) composite was increased while bulk density decreased with increasing graphite additives. The elastic modulus of (3Y-TZP/Al2O3)-glass was decreased (159-109GPa) with increasing the amount of glass infiltrated. Hardness was constant …

Go to article

Age Estimation In Short Speech Utterances Based On Bidirectional Gated-Recurrent Neural Networks, Ameer A. Badr, Alia K. Abdul-Hassan Jul 2026

Age Estimation In Short Speech Utterances Based On Bidirectional Gated-Recurrent Neural Networks, Ameer A. Badr, Alia K. Abdul-Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently, age estimates from speech have received growing interest as they are important for many applications like custom call routing, targeted marketing, or user-profiling. In this work, an automatic system to estimate age in short speech utterances without depending on the text is proposed. From each utterance frame, four groups of features are extracted and then 10 statistical functionals are measured for each extracted dimension of the features, to be followed by dimensionality reduction using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Finally, bidirectional Gated-Recurrent Neural Networks (G- RNNs) are used to predict speaker age. Experiments are conducted on the VoxCeleb1 dataset to …

Go to article

A New Hybrid Technique For Face Identification Based On Facial Parts Moments Descriptors, Shaymaa M. Hamandi, Abdul Monem S. Rahma, Rehab F. Hassan Jul 2026

A New Hybrid Technique For Face Identification Based On Facial Parts Moments Descriptors, Shaymaa M. Hamandi, Abdul Monem S. Rahma, Rehab F. Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Robust facial feature extraction is an effective and important process for face recognition and identification system. The facial features should be invariant to scaling, translation, illumination and rotation, several feature extraction techniques may be used to increase the recognition accuracy. This paper inspects three-moment invariants techniques and then determines how is influenced by the variation which may happen to the various shapes of the face (globally and locally) Globally means the whole face shapes and locally means face part's shape (right eye, left eye, mouth, and nose). The proposed technique is tested using CARL database images. The proposal method of …

Go to article

License Plate Tilt Correction: A Review, Nada N. Kamal, Enas Tariq Jul 2026

License Plate Tilt Correction: A Review, Nada N. Kamal, Enas Tariq

Engineering and Technology Journal

Tilt correction is an essential step in the license plate recognition system (LPR). The main goal of this article is to provide a review of the various methods that are presented in the literature and used to correct different types of tilt that appear in the digital image of the license plates (LP). This theoretical survey will enable the researchers to have an overview of the available implemented tilt detection and correction algorithms. That’s how this review will simplify for the researchers the choice to determine which of the available rotation correction and detection algorithms to implement while designing their …

Go to article

The Effect Of The Number Of Key-Frames On The Facial Emotion Recognition Accuracy, Suhaila N. Mohammed, Alia K. Abdul Hassan Jul 2026

The Effect Of The Number Of Key-Frames On The Facial Emotion Recognition Accuracy, Suhaila N. Mohammed, Alia K. Abdul Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Key-frame selection plays an important role in facial expression recognition systems. It helps in selecting the most representative frames that capture the different poses of the face. The effect of the number of selected keyframes has been studied in this paper to find its impact on the final accuracy of the emotion recognition system. Dynamic and static information is employed to select the most effective key-frames of the facial video with a short response time. Firstly, the absolute difference between the successive frames is used to reduce the number of frames and select the candidate ones which then contribute to …

Go to article

Influence Of Foaming Agent Type On The Behavior Of Foamed Concrete, Ruqaya F. Hamada, Awham M. Hameed Jul 2026

Influence Of Foaming Agent Type On The Behavior Of Foamed Concrete, Ruqaya F. Hamada, Awham M. Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work the desired aim is to study the effect of two various sorts of a foaming agents on the properties of foamed concrete to obtain high quality with a target density is nearly 1600 kg/m3. The standard samples were designed by employing two types of foam agent (FA), the first one is commercially named (EABSSOC foam agent, FA) while the second is the foam of detergent liquid (D) which known (Fairy). The results showed that the FA sample records the lower bulk density compared to the other types. The perfect mix which involved 1wt.% of (D) had higher …

Go to article

Using Texture Feature In Fruit Classification, Mauj H. Abd Al Karim, Abdulamir A. Karim Jul 2026

Using Texture Feature In Fruit Classification, Mauj H. Abd Al Karim, Abdulamir A. Karim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recent advances in computer vision have allowed wide-ranging applications in every area of life. One such area of application is the classification of fresh products, but the classification of fruits and vegetables has proven to be a complex problem and needs further development. In recent years, various machine learning techniques have been exploited with many methods of describing the different features of fruit and vegetable classification in many real-life applications. Classification of fruits and vegetables presents significant challenges due to similarities between layers and irregular characteristics within the class.Hence , in this work, three feature extractor/ descriptor which are local …

Go to article

Motion Estimation For Gray Level Videos Using Different Block Matching Algorithms, Tareq Z. Hammood, Matheel E. Abdulmunim Jul 2026

Motion Estimation For Gray Level Videos Using Different Block Matching Algorithms, Tareq Z. Hammood, Matheel E. Abdulmunim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Motion Estimation (ME) is a very important operation in video coding. In order to reduce complexity of computations involved in ME and to increase quality of this process, many Block Matching Motion Estimation (BMME) Algorithms are proposed. The aim of this paper is to compare between these algorithms and find the best one. Seven BMME algorithms are used in this paper. The performance of each algorithm is evaluated for different types of motion to determine the best one of these algorithms. The evaluation is based on search points, and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The simulation shows that Hexagonal …

Go to article

Analysis And Implementation Of Kerberos Protocol In Hybrid Cloud Computing Environments, Turkan A. Khaleel Jul 2026

Analysis And Implementation Of Kerberos Protocol In Hybrid Cloud Computing Environments, Turkan A. Khaleel

Engineering and Technology Journal

The concept of cloud computing has recently changed how hardware, software, and information are handled. However, security challenges and credibility requirements have never changed and may have increased. Protecting cloud computing and providing security for its resources and users is one of the critical challenges. As a result, most users are afraid to use their resources, because many security problems must be met. For example, authentication and reliability are major security constraints and must be provided in a cloud computing environment. There is a wide range of authentication protocols in use, but the researcher has recommended the Kerberos protocol to …

Go to article

Speaker Recognition Systems In The Last Decade – A Survey, Ahmed M. Ahmed, Aliaa K. Hassan Jul 2026

Speaker Recognition Systems In The Last Decade – A Survey, Ahmed M. Ahmed, Aliaa K. Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Speaker Recognition Defined by the process of recognizing a person by his\her voice through specific features that extract from his\her voice signal. An Automatic Speaker recognition (ASP) is a biometric authentication system. In the last decade, many advances in the speaker recognition field have been attained, along with many techniques in feature extraction and modeling phases. In this paper, we present an overview of the most recent works in ASP technology. The study makes an effort to discuss several modeling ASP techniques like Gaussian Mixture Model GMM, Vector Quantization (VQ), and Clustering Algorithms. Also, several feature extraction techniques like Linear …

Go to article

Determination Efficient Classification Algorithm For Credit Card Owners: Comparative Study, Raghad A. Azeez Jul 2026

Determination Efficient Classification Algorithm For Credit Card Owners: Comparative Study, Raghad A. Azeez

Engineering and Technology Journal

Today in the business world, significant loss can happen when the borrowers ignore paying their loans. Convenient credit-risk management represents a necessity for lending institutions. In most times, some persons prefer to late their monthly payments, otherwise, they may face difficulties in the loan payment process to the financial institution. Mainly, most fiscal organizations are considered managed and refined client classification systems, scanning a valid client from invalid ones. This paper produces the data mining idea, specifically the classification technique of data mining and builds a system of data mining process structure. The credit scoring problem will be applied using …

Go to article

Eye Diseases Classification Using Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network, Hanaa M. Ahmed, Shrooq R. Hameed Jul 2026

Eye Diseases Classification Using Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network, Hanaa M. Ahmed, Shrooq R. Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

A human eye is a vital organ responsible for a person's vision. So, the early detection of eye diseases is essential. The objective of this paper deals with diagnosing of seven different external eye diseases that can be recognized by a human eye. These diseases cause problems either in eye pupil, in sclera of eye or in both or in eyelid. Color histogram and texture features extraction techniques with classification technique are used to achieve the goal of diagnosing external eye diseases. Hue Min Max Diff (HMMD) color space is used to extract color histogram and texture features which were …

Go to article

A Proposed Speaker Recognition Method Based On Long-Term Voice Features And Fuzzy Logic, Iman H. Hadi, Alia K. Abdul-Hassan Jul 2026

A Proposed Speaker Recognition Method Based On Long-Term Voice Features And Fuzzy Logic, Iman H. Hadi, Alia K. Abdul-Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Speaker recognition depends on specific predefined steps. The most important steps are feature extraction and features matching. In addition, the category of the speaker voice features has an impact on the recognition process. The proposed speaker recognition makes use of biometric (voice) attributes to recognize the identity of the speaker. The long-term features were used such that maximum frequency, pitch and zero crossing rate (ZCR). In features matching step, the fuzzy inner product was used between feature vectors to compute the matching value between a claimed speaker voice utterance and test voice utterances. The experiments implemented using (ELSDSR) data set. …

Go to article

Strength Analysis Of An Aircraft Sandwich Structure With A Honeycomb Core: Theoretical And Experimental Approaches, Sadiq E. Sadiq, Muhsin J. Jweeg, Sadeq H. Bakhy Jul 2026

Strength Analysis Of An Aircraft Sandwich Structure With A Honeycomb Core: Theoretical And Experimental Approaches, Sadiq E. Sadiq, Muhsin J. Jweeg, Sadeq H. Bakhy

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the strength of aircraft sandwich structure with honeycombcore under bending load was evaluated theoretically and experimentallybased on failure mode maps. A failure mode map for the loading underthree-point bending was constructed theoretically to specify the failuremodes and corresponding load. Three point bending test for aluminumhoneycomb sandwich beam has been achieved to measure the peak loadand maximum deflection. The obtained results elucidated a goodagreement between the theoretical solutions and experimental tests, wherethe error ratio was not exceeded 12%. The core height, the cell size andthe cell wall thickness were selected to explore the effect of honeycombparameters on the …

Go to article

Assessing The Performance Of The Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Using Smart Curtain Through (Pso Based Pid) Controller And Nano Fluids, Hosham S.Anead, Khalid F. Sultan, Sura Abdul Jabbar Jul 2026

Assessing The Performance Of The Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Using Smart Curtain Through (Pso Based Pid) Controller And Nano Fluids, Hosham S.Anead, Khalid F. Sultan, Sura Abdul Jabbar

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research revealed control on Nano fluid temperature in the evacuated tube solar collector system, where Nano fluids used in ETSC as working fluid to increase heating system thermal efficiency. Smart curtain was used to shadow the evacuated tube solar collector and to control the temperature of the Nano fluid in heating or cooling condition which is moved by the stepper motor which is programmed to move through the Arduino board using an artificial intelligence method such as (PSO based PID) controller method . Where the curtain's main idea is to control the polarization of the sun's radiation, the work …

Go to article

Treatment Of Iraqi Municipal Wastewater By Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Uasb, Khairi R. Kalash, Majid A. Dixon, Hussein Ir. Sultan, Raad A. Ali Jul 2026

Treatment Of Iraqi Municipal Wastewater By Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Uasb, Khairi R. Kalash, Majid A. Dixon, Hussein Ir. Sultan, Raad A. Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket “UASB” reactor treated effluent wastewater to investigate the process performance on a pilot plant scale. Municipal wastewater at high and medium strength with different organic load rate OLR (0.6-9) kg COD m-3day-1 with the flow of 20 l/h, up-flow velocity 0.4 m/h, hydraulic retention time HRT 9 h at a temperature of (20-30 ºC) was evaluated. The wastewater concentration, including TSS, COD was measured, and the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid TSS were calculated and summarized as 45-85% and 70-75%, respectively, depending on organic load rate …

Go to article

A Brief Survey On Modern Iris Feature Extraction Methods, Hanaa M. Ahmed, Mohammed A. Taha Jul 2026

A Brief Survey On Modern Iris Feature Extraction Methods, Hanaa M. Ahmed, Mohammed A. Taha

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents a survey of some of the most recent research work on the extraction phase of the Iris recognition system. Iris biometric system has been used for person recognition in wide applications where person identity authentication required for its stability and uniqueness as compared to other biometric systems. Iris based recognition systems consist of stages are Iris localization, normalization, feature extraction, and matching. The extraction of features influences the precision and reliability of the biometric system, so several methods have been used.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last