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Articles 13351 - 13380 of 198029

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Focused Feature Extraction For Driver Drowsiness Detection Using An Enhanced Attention-Based Resnet Model, Nada Ayman Atia, Rawan Sameh Jan 2025

Focused Feature Extraction For Driver Drowsiness Detection Using An Enhanced Attention-Based Resnet Model, Nada Ayman Atia, Rawan Sameh

The Undergraduate Research Journal

In the context of increasing road safety concerns, particularly in Egypt, this paper addresses the critical issue of driver drowsiness, a significant contributor to road accidents worldwide. With alarming statistics from the World Health Organization citing human error, chiefly drowsiness, as the cause for a majority of road accidents in Egypt, there is a compelling need for an effective drowsiness detection system. This research introduces a novel, vision-based driver drowsiness detection system leveraging a multi-dimensional approach with a Residual Neural Network (ResNet) architecture and attention layers. This system aims to accurately identify drowsiness by analyzing key facial features. The paper …

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Empirical Study Of Far-Field Radio Frequency Wireless Power Transfer Testbed For Underground Mines Based On 1.8 Ghz, Anabi Hilary Kelechi, Samuel Frimpong Jan 2025

Empirical Study Of Far-Field Radio Frequency Wireless Power Transfer Testbed For Underground Mines Based On 1.8 Ghz, Anabi Hilary Kelechi, Samuel Frimpong

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel 1.8 GHz far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) testbed was designed to achieve long-distance energy harvesting in underground mine (UM). Prior experimental studies confirm that underground mines experience 50 dB radio frequency (RF) signal attenuation compared to a typical wireless environment. Due to this severe signal attenuation, the currently proposed radio frequency energy harvesting (RF-EH) testbed cannot be deployed in underground mines. In this study, we proposed, designed and performed an empirical study with a military-grade class A radio frequency wireless power transfer (RF-WPT) testbed. The various digital modulation schemes experimented with included: BPSK, DBPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, Pi4DQPSK, 8PSK, …

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Enhancing Safety In U.S. Coal Mines Through A Rib Support Recommendation Tool, Alper Kirmaci, Dakshith Ruvin Wijesinghe, Dogukan Guner, Kutay E. Karadeniz, Cameron Mitchell, Taghi Sherizadeh Jan 2025

Enhancing Safety In U.S. Coal Mines Through A Rib Support Recommendation Tool, Alper Kirmaci, Dakshith Ruvin Wijesinghe, Dogukan Guner, Kutay E. Karadeniz, Cameron Mitchell, Taghi Sherizadeh

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Despite ongoing efforts to enhance coal rib stability, the underground coal mining sector continues to face incidents of rib failure, leading to injuries and fatalities. The development and validation of effective rib support systems are crucial for mitigating these risks. Unfortunately, a standardized design methodology that accommodates the diverse geological conditions of U.S. coal mines is missing. Current practices are often based on trial-and-error or outdated methods, yielding unreliable outcomes. This research aims to fill this gap by creating a comprehensive methodology for designing rib support systems suitable for U.S. underground mines. It encompasses in situ pull-out tests of coal …

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Mapping Biomedical Ontology Terms To Ids: Effect Of Domain Prevalence On Prediction Accuracy, Thanh Son Do, Daniel B. Hier, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi Jan 2025

Mapping Biomedical Ontology Terms To Ids: Effect Of Domain Prevalence On Prediction Accuracy, Thanh Son Do, Daniel B. Hier, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study evaluates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to map biomedical ontology terms to their corresponding ontology IDs across the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), Gene Ontology (GO), and UniProtKB terminologies. Using counts of ontology IDs in the PubMed Central (PMC) dataset as a surrogate for their prevalence in the biomedical literature, we examined the relationship between ontology ID prevalence and mapping accuracy. Results indicate that ontology ID prevalence strongly predicts accurate mapping of HPO terms to HPO IDs, GO terms to GO IDs, and protein names to UniProtKB accession numbers. Higher prevalence of ontology IDs in the biomedical …

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Online Learning-Driven Human Intent Estimation And Control For Human-Robot Interaction, Irfan Ganie, S. Jagannathan Jan 2025

Online Learning-Driven Human Intent Estimation And Control For Human-Robot Interaction, Irfan Ganie, S. Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a novel Stackelberg-game theoretic multilayer-online learning framework for cooperative control of nonlinear Physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI), where the human is modeled as the leader guiding a robot follower. This hierarchical interaction is captured as a dynamic Stackelberg game, with the human's intention estimated in real-time through online multilayer neural networks (MNNs). We introduce SVD-based weight update laws for actor-critic MNNs, which approximate value functions and control inputs for both human and robot, eliminating the need for predefined basis functions. In this framework, the human objective is first inferred and used to guide the robot actions by shaping …

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An Entropy-Bounded, General, Model-Based Framework For Lossy Compression Of Sensor Data, Steven Thompson, Maciej Zawodniok Jan 2025

An Entropy-Bounded, General, Model-Based Framework For Lossy Compression Of Sensor Data, Steven Thompson, Maciej Zawodniok

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In many industries, digital twinning has become an indispensable element of advanced technologies. However, digital twins are heavily reliant on extensive Internet of Things (IoT) sensor measurement data to function effectively. Consequently, data mining has become a lucrative endeavor, akin to gold rushes in the XIX century. However, the substantial volume of collected data often stresses the storage capacities for smaller to medium-sized enterprises, necessitating efficient compression techniques. Error-bound lossy compression offers substantial data reduction advantages, but introduces distortion that, when uncontrolled, can adversely affect analysis. This paper proposes an information optimization scheme that employs information entropy as a comprehensive …

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Multi-Model Safe Neuro-Optimal Output Tracking Control Of Autonomous Surface Vessels With Explainable Ai, Behzad Farzanegan, S. Jagannathan Jan 2025

Multi-Model Safe Neuro-Optimal Output Tracking Control Of Autonomous Surface Vessels With Explainable Ai, Behzad Farzanegan, S. Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a safety-aware deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based trajectory tracking control of autonomous surface vessels (ASVs). A multilayer neural network (MNN) observer estimates the ASV's state and uncertain dynamics. By utilizing the estimate state vector from the observer, a safety-aware DRL-based optimal policy is formulated using control barrier function (CBF) and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. An actor-critic MNN with singular value decomposition (SVD)-based update mitigates vanishing gradients. To enhance adaptability, an online safe lifelong learning (SLL) scheme counters catastrophic forgetting across varying ASV dynamics. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method identifies key features influencing the control policy. Simulations on an …

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Online Adaptive Optimal Tracking Control Of Uncertain Strict Feedback Discrete-Time Systems With Hardware Verification Using A Quadrotor Uav, Maxwell Geiger, S. Jagannathan Jan 2025

Online Adaptive Optimal Tracking Control Of Uncertain Strict Feedback Discrete-Time Systems With Hardware Verification Using A Quadrotor Uav, Maxwell Geiger, S. Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article considers the infinite time horizon optimal tracking control problem for discrete time (DT) partially uncertain strict feedback systems with application to quadrotor UAVs. First, the strict feedback DT system is transformed into an equivalent affine nonlinear DT system in terms of tracking error dynamics. The optimal tracking control problem is solved using an augmented system approach, where a horizon of future reference trajectory points are used in the augmented state, as compared to using a single point. The internal dynamics of the original nonlinear strict feedback system and the transformed affine system in terms of error dynamics are …

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Enhancing Measurement Accuracy In Industrial Applications: The Impact Of Sensor Data Imputation On Model Parameter Estimation, Steven Thompson, Michkath Omanda Bouraima, Maciej Jan Zawodniok Jan 2025

Enhancing Measurement Accuracy In Industrial Applications: The Impact Of Sensor Data Imputation On Model Parameter Estimation, Steven Thompson, Michkath Omanda Bouraima, Maciej Jan Zawodniok

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Digital twins are meant to revolutionize the manufacturing industry by enabling advanced condition monitoring and predictive maintenance processes. However, disruptions within the manufacturing process, such as sensor malfunctions or connectivity issues are inevitable and will cripple these advanced analysis methods if not properly addressed. Therefore, efficient data management and analysis practices are key to advancing this technology. This work examines the impact of missing data imputation on model parameter estimation, a crucial task in developing models for digital twins. We theoretically derive the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for a DC signal with an unknown scalar parameter in the presence of …

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Active Microwave-Thermographic Signal Reconstruction, Logan M. Wilcox, Emma T. Bohannon, Kristen M. Donnell Jan 2025

Active Microwave-Thermographic Signal Reconstruction, Logan M. Wilcox, Emma T. Bohannon, Kristen M. Donnell

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Active microwave thermography (AMT) is a coupled electromagnetic (EM) and thermographic nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) technique. AMT utilizes a radiating EM source (e.g., an antenna) that induces dielectric/magnetic heating on a specimen under test (SUT) which is subsequently spatiotemporally imaged with an infrared (IR) camera. As all antennas have spatial variation in their radiated power density, a nonuniform thermal excitation results within (or on the surface of) the SUT. This nonuniform heating causes uncertainty in defect detection and has the potential to lead to false positives and/or negatives. To this end, thermographic signal reconstruction (TSR), a well-established thermographic signal …

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Reinforcement Learning-Based Nonlinear Optimal Discrete-Time Control Of Power Systems, Vijay Kumar Singh, Behzad Farzanegan, S. Jagannathan Jan 2025

Reinforcement Learning-Based Nonlinear Optimal Discrete-Time Control Of Power Systems, Vijay Kumar Singh, Behzad Farzanegan, S. Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a partially model-free adaptive optimal tracking control method for power systems, specifically targeting a synchronous generator connected through a reactive transmission line. By integrating the tracking error dynamics with reference trajectory dynamics, an augmented system is created. A discounted performance function is introduced to address the nonlinear tracking problem optimally. Unlike traditional methods that compute feedforward and feedback terms separately, the proposed approach calculates both simultaneously by minimizing the discounted performance function. The discrete-time tracking Bellman and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations are derived, and a reinforcement learning (RL)-based technique is employed to solve the optimal policy online without …

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Enhancing Fiber Optic Interferometric Sensing With Microwave Photonics-Based Dispersion Fourier Transform And Integrated Magnitude–Phase Analysis, Chen Zhu, Ruimin Jie, Chenxi Huang, Jie Huang Jan 2025

Enhancing Fiber Optic Interferometric Sensing With Microwave Photonics-Based Dispersion Fourier Transform And Integrated Magnitude–Phase Analysis, Chen Zhu, Ruimin Jie, Chenxi Huang, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fiber optic inline interferometers are widely used for high-precision sensing due to their sensitivity, compactness, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Traditional optical spectral analysis methods suffer from limited dynamic range due to free spectral range (FSR) constraints, while microwave photonic filtering (MPF) techniques based on dispersion Fourier transform (DFT) provide an alternative by mapping optical signals into the radio frequency (RF) domain. However, conventional passband frequency tracking in MPF systems has limited sensitivity, and the recently demonstrated phase-based methods, though highly sensitive, are constrained by phase wrapping beyond 2π. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an integrated magnitude–phase …

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A Cost-Effective Nilm Solution With Three-Point Labelling And Non-Causal Convolution Technique, Yanan Zhang, Gan Zhou, Yanjun Feng, Zhan Liu, Li Huang, Zhi Li, Rui Bo Jan 2025

A Cost-Effective Nilm Solution With Three-Point Labelling And Non-Causal Convolution Technique, Yanan Zhang, Gan Zhou, Yanjun Feng, Zhan Liu, Li Huang, Zhi Li, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Although deep learning is increasingly promising in the field of Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) these days, the high costs of data recording and labelling represent a significant challenge for the training of supervised models. To address this, a cost-effective sequence-to-points NILM solution is proposed, integrating three-point labelling with non-causal convolution techniques. The approach introduces a semi-automatic labelling framework for obtaining NILM three-point data, which provides a low-cost data collection and labelling solution for large-scale applications. Then, a novel loss function combining coordinate loss and confidence loss is developed to address the positional misalignment and negative sample confusion in sequence-to-points scenario …

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Distributed Sapphire Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Thermal Profiling Of Submerged Entry Nozzles, Farhan Mumtaz, Hanok W. Tekle, Bohong Zhang, Xiaodong Li, Sunday Abraham, Bryant Mathis, Jeffrey D. Smith, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jie Huang Jan 2025

Distributed Sapphire Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Thermal Profiling Of Submerged Entry Nozzles, Farhan Mumtaz, Hanok W. Tekle, Bohong Zhang, Xiaodong Li, Sunday Abraham, Bryant Mathis, Jeffrey D. Smith, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article focuses on the application of sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for instrumentation in submerged entry nozzles (SENs) within the steelmaking industry. The SEN is pivotal for transferring molten steel from a tundish to a mold, while preventing the infiltration of oxygen and nitrogen from the surrounding environment. Maintaining optimal flow conditions in the mold is crucial for ensuring casting process stability and maintaining high-quality steel. Sapphire FBG sensors have been instrumented in SENs to enable distributed thermal mapping for monitoring the health of the SEN. The optical sensor comprises three cascaded sapphire FBGs inscribed using femtosecond (FS) laser …

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Filter Based Motor Control For Robotic Applications, Shuzan Kumar Sarkar, Noah Wilding, Shruti Pandey, Nicholas Hawkins, Michael L. Mcintyre Jan 2025

Filter Based Motor Control For Robotic Applications, Shuzan Kumar Sarkar, Noah Wilding, Shruti Pandey, Nicholas Hawkins, Michael L. Mcintyre

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Controlling coreless DC motor in the field of humanoid robotic application involves considering various surrounding electromagnetic environment interference and sudden change of load with parameters variation of motor dynamics which makes the system complex. This paper presents a filter-based control scheme for a coreless DC motor drive system using an H-bridge inverter as the input circuit of the motor which is easy to implement and cost effective. From the electromagnetic characteristics, the dynamic model of the motor along with the control scheme is implemented in the commercial software PLECS. Then the effectiveness of this approach is validated through simulations demonstrating …

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Ibis Model Simulation Accuracy Improvement With Slew Rate Correction, Yifan Ding, Chulsoon Hwang Jan 2025

Ibis Model Simulation Accuracy Improvement With Slew Rate Correction, Yifan Ding, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The accuracy of Power-Supply-Induced Jitter (PSIJ) simulation in Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) models is critical for ensuring robust high-speed signal integrity analysis, but it lacks accuracy in predicting the PSIJ when the pre-driver exists in the model. Previous studies have proposed methods to improve IBIS PSIJ simulation accuracy with pre-driver effect included in the IBIS switching coefficients modification process. However, these methods fail to accurately model the output waveform slew rate change with varied power noise. In this work, an improved modification method was proposed to incorporate power-aware characteristics into the modified IBIS model, thereby improving the accuracy of …

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A High Step-Up Soft-Switched Converter Based On Coupled Inductor And Current-Fed Voltage Multiplier, Koosha Choobdari Omran, Reza Beiranvand, Pourya Shamsi Jan 2025

A High Step-Up Soft-Switched Converter Based On Coupled Inductor And Current-Fed Voltage Multiplier, Koosha Choobdari Omran, Reza Beiranvand, Pourya Shamsi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a novel non-isolated DC-DC converter that combines coupled inductor (CI) and voltage multiplier (VM) techniques is proposed. The leakage energy of the CI is effectively recycled, and soft-switching conditions are achieved for all switches and diodes. Resonance between the leakage inductor of the CI and VM capacitors provides soft-switching conditions, without requiring a separate resonant tank. The use of VM stages not only lowers the voltage stress on semiconductor components but also allows for the use of low-voltage-rated devices, leading to reduced conduction losses, lower cost, and improved efficiency. High voltage gain can be achieved by appropriately …

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Balanced Benchmarking Of Zero-Shot And Rag Approaches For Biomedical Term Normalization, Thanh Son Do, Daniel B. Hier, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi Jan 2025

Balanced Benchmarking Of Zero-Shot And Rag Approaches For Biomedical Term Normalization, Thanh Son Do, Daniel B. Hier, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Normalization of medical concepts to an ontology is a key aspect of the natural language processing of biomedical text. It enables the mapping of medical expressions to standardized ontology terms and their identifiers, thereby enhancing the interoperability and computability of medical concepts. Although large language models (LLMs) can identify and standardize medical terms, they may struggle to accurately map ontology terms to their corresponding ontology identifiers. These challenges arise from the stochastic nature of LLMs, their limited exposure to uncommon ontology identifiers during training, and their lack of an integrated lookup mechanism. We generated test sets of synthetic terms to …

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Design And Optimization Of A Miniaturized Spiral Antenna For Ultra-Wideband Applications, Mckennan Starkey, Cody Goins, Victor Khilkevich, Daryl Beetner Jan 2025

Design And Optimization Of A Miniaturized Spiral Antenna For Ultra-Wideband Applications, Mckennan Starkey, Cody Goins, Victor Khilkevich, Daryl Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Ultra-wideband communication in the frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz is popular for short range wireless networks. Designing a wideband antenna that covers the entire 7.5 GHz band is challenging, particularly if the antenna should be small, unobtrusive, and should effectively communicate with another antenna as their positions and orientations change. A miniaturized wideband circularly polarized Archimedean spiral antenna is developed in this study which is wideband and circularly polarized. Miniaturization and optimization techniques are introduced to enable an antenna size of $30 \text{mm} \times 30 \text{mm}$ and a thickness less than 0.5 mm.

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A Non-Destructive And Simple Setup Method For Dielectric Liquid Characterization In A Wide Frequency Range With Djordjevic-Sarkar Model, Reza Vahdani, Reza Asadi, Seyedmehdi Mousavi, Xiaoning Ye, Donghyun Kim Jan 2025

A Non-Destructive And Simple Setup Method For Dielectric Liquid Characterization In A Wide Frequency Range With Djordjevic-Sarkar Model, Reza Vahdani, Reza Asadi, Seyedmehdi Mousavi, Xiaoning Ye, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduces a non-destructive and simple setup method for characterizing dielectric liquids over a broad frequency range (up to 30 GHz) using the Djordjevic-Sarkar model. By employing a differential microstrip line and comparing scattering parameters in air-filled and liquid-immersed scenarios, the proposed method achieves precise dielectric constant (DK) and dissipation factor (Df) extraction. 2 Liquid samples (PAO4 and DC-15) were tested using this method. Validation against the cavity resonance method demonstrates a strong agreement for the extracted DK values, with a relative error of less than 1.5 %, indicating high accuracy. However, the method is less sensitive to Df, …

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Impact Of Voltage Regulator Modules On Power Distribution Network Impedance, Hanyu Zhang, Zhiping Yang, Alvis Hsu, Ryan Hou, Chulsoon Hwang Jan 2025

Impact Of Voltage Regulator Modules On Power Distribution Network Impedance, Hanyu Zhang, Zhiping Yang, Alvis Hsu, Ryan Hou, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The voltage regulator module (VRM) impacts the power distribution network (PDN) impedance in the low frequency range. The effect of VRM is essential for reliable PDN analysis and simulation. However, the existing VRM models for power integrity (PI) simulation lack an in-depth understanding of the effect of the feedback control in the VRM. In this paper, the impact of the VRM control loop on the PDN impedance is investigated. The relationship between the VRM output impedance and the PDN impedance at the IC input pin is derived. The output impedance of a VRM is analyzed using small signal analysis. Eventually, …

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Extended S-Parameter Model Of The Power Distribution Network For Rapid Coupling Predictions, Cody Goins, Aaron Harmon, Mckennan Starkey, Kristen Donnell, Victor Khilkevich, Daryl Beetner Jan 2025

Extended S-Parameter Model Of The Power Distribution Network For Rapid Coupling Predictions, Cody Goins, Aaron Harmon, Mckennan Starkey, Kristen Donnell, Victor Khilkevich, Daryl Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Power and return planes are part of the power delivery network of almost all modern high frequency printed circuit boards. These power and return planes can form the basis of unintended radiated emissions from, or radiated coupling to, these boards. Predicting coupling to complex systems is a difficult problem and typically reserved for full wave simulations. Recent works have introduced segmentation approaches that are able to predict coupling to complex printed circuit board designs by using pre-rendered segments and cascading these segments through a circuit solver approach. The extended S-parameter models used by the segmentation approach currently do not include …

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Usb 3.0 Ibis-Ami Model Construction Using Measurement And Neural Network, Jiahuan Huang, Wenchang Huang, Muqi Ouyang, Hank Lin, Bin Chyi Tseng, Chulsoon Hwang Jan 2025

Usb 3.0 Ibis-Ami Model Construction Using Measurement And Neural Network, Jiahuan Huang, Wenchang Huang, Muqi Ouyang, Hank Lin, Bin Chyi Tseng, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The input/ output modes are essential for high-speed signal integrity analysis and channel simulation. This work aims to develop a method for generating an IBIS-AMI model for USB 3.0 using measurement data. Instead of requiring a specially designed motherboard with test points for specific measurements, this method uses measurement data obtained from an assembled motherboard. The only available data for measurement in this case is the output voltage waveform from the USB 3.0 port on the motherboard. To address this, a novel approach is proposed to extract all the required parameters for the IBIS-AMI model from a single available measurement …

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Graph-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach For Multi-Power-Domain Pcb Pdn Shape And Stackup Synthesis, Haran Manoharan, Hanfeng Wang, Jingnan Pan, Yuchu He, Jianmin Zhang, Xu Gao, Chulsoon Hwang Jan 2025

Graph-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach For Multi-Power-Domain Pcb Pdn Shape And Stackup Synthesis, Haran Manoharan, Hanfeng Wang, Jingnan Pan, Yuchu He, Jianmin Zhang, Xu Gao, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Efficient power plane and stack up optimization is critical for Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Power Delivery Networks (PDNs), particularly in multi-power-domain designs with stringent DC Resistance (DCR) specifications. This work presents a novel reinforcement learning-based framework that assigns stack up layers for each power domain and iteratively refines power plane shapes to meet design constraints while ensuring non-overlapping layouts. The approach leverages Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs) for initializing power plane shapes. It dynamically refines them using the A∗ (A-Star) algorithm with weighted pathfinding, ensuring optimal connectivity and compliance with DCR requirements. Tested extensively on multi-power-domain scenarios, the algorithm demonstrates robust …

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Optimized Modeling Of Pcb Vias With Nonfunctional Pads And High-Frequency Behavior Up To 150 Ghz, Mehdi Mousavi, Kevin Cai, Chaofeng Li, Sathvika Bandi, Manish Mathew, Mehdi Khaleghi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim Jan 2025

Optimized Modeling Of Pcb Vias With Nonfunctional Pads And High-Frequency Behavior Up To 150 Ghz, Mehdi Mousavi, Kevin Cai, Chaofeng Li, Sathvika Bandi, Manish Mathew, Mehdi Khaleghi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents an enhanced closed-form approach for modeling and optimizing high-frequency PCB vias, implemented in Python and validated against industry standard tools such as ADS and HFSS. The model incorporates resistance alongside inductance and capacitance to capture frequency-dependent losses and integrates non-functional pads (NFPs), demonstrating significant improvements in signal integrity by reducing reflections and enhancing return loss, particularly at 100 GHz. The methodology extends the frequency range of previous models from 100 GHz to 150 GHz, ensuring compatibility with next-generation standards like PCIe Gen 6. Validation results show insertion loss deviations under 3 dB and consistent return loss across …

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Obstacles And Mitigations For An Accurate Low Impedance, Low Frequency Measurement, Faye Squires, Yifan Ding, Matthew Doyle, Matteo Cocchini, Samuel Connor, Francesco De Paulis, Albert E. Ruehli, Chulsoon Hwang, Lijun Jiang Jan 2025

Obstacles And Mitigations For An Accurate Low Impedance, Low Frequency Measurement, Faye Squires, Yifan Ding, Matthew Doyle, Matteo Cocchini, Samuel Connor, Francesco De Paulis, Albert E. Ruehli, Chulsoon Hwang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The two-port shunt configuration is often heralded as the gold standard for low-impedance measurements. However, this measurement method is not without its own issues. The shunt configuration inherently creates a ground loop between the measurement device's reference plane and the reference of the device under test (DUT). Additionally, probes often must be oriented in such a way that allows inductive coupling to occur. This work uses microprobes to measure the shunt impedance of a non-ideal short to explore the limitations of this measurement method in terms of both frequency and impedance. It highlights the importance of ground loop isolation and …

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Design Strategies For Skew Compensation In Highspeed Pcb Strip Line Interconnects, Sathvika Bandi, Reza Asadi, Zhekun Peng, Srinivas Venkataraman, Granthana Rangaswamy, Santosh Pappu, Xu Wang, Donghyun Kim Jan 2025

Design Strategies For Skew Compensation In Highspeed Pcb Strip Line Interconnects, Sathvika Bandi, Reza Asadi, Zhekun Peng, Srinivas Venkataraman, Granthana Rangaswamy, Santosh Pappu, Xu Wang, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of intra-pair PN skew compensation in printed circuit board (PCB) strip line (SL) traces, for a high-speed 224 Gbps lane for the first time. The study investigates the effects of skew compensation placement both with and without via discontinuities. Detailed evaluations are performed in both time and frequency domains, examining critical parameters such as time-domain reflectometry (TDR), input impedance, return loss, insertion loss, and common-mode S -parameters. The findings reveal that, in a simple strip line trace without via discontinuities, the location of skew compensation has negligible influence on signal margins. …

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Modeling Of Slot-Backed Microstrip Line For Emi Applications, Jongsuk Hyun, Wenchang Huang, Chulsoon Hwang Jan 2025

Modeling Of Slot-Backed Microstrip Line For Emi Applications, Jongsuk Hyun, Wenchang Huang, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Radiated emissions from the noise-generating components in modern electronic devices are a significant concern for both electromagnetic interference and RF interference. Shielding cans are commonly used to suppress emissions from noise sources, but accurate shielding effectiveness evaluation requires a clean, well-defined radiation source that can reliably mimic real emissions for repeatable measurements. Slot-backed microstrip antennas provide a practical alternative to loop antennas, offering zero height, low parasitic radiation, and seamless printed circuit board integration. This article proposes an analytical model for estimating the magnetic dipole moment of slot-backed microstrip structures. The model captures both the discontinuity effects and radiated characteristics …

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Characterization And Full-Wave Modeling Of Corona Discharge Induced Coupling To Touchscreen Displays, Zhekun Peng, Shubhankar Marathe, Javad Meiguni, Ali Foudazi, Jianchi Zhou, Li Shen, Viswa Pilla, Cheung Wei Lam, Donghyun Kim, David Pommerenke, Daryl G. Beetner Jan 2025

Characterization And Full-Wave Modeling Of Corona Discharge Induced Coupling To Touchscreen Displays, Zhekun Peng, Shubhankar Marathe, Javad Meiguni, Ali Foudazi, Jianchi Zhou, Li Shen, Viswa Pilla, Cheung Wei Lam, Donghyun Kim, David Pommerenke, Daryl G. Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An electrostatic discharge (ESD) to the glass of a touchscreen display can damage capacitive touch sensor circuitry and traces. The ESD creates a sparkless corona discharge on the glass surface, which couples to sense patches on the other side of the glass. Currents induced on sense traces during the corona discharge are measured in an evaluation setup, which resembles the touchscreen design. Waveforms for current induced at different distances from the discharge position are recorded and compared. The induced currents are analyzed by their peak value and the total charge or energy delivered to the sense trace for different discharge …

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Topology And Parameter Joint Identification In Imbalanced Low-Voltage Distribution Networks Based On Load Characteristic Propagation, Yanan Zhang, Gan Zhou, Huan Mao, Wei Gu, Yanjun Feng, Rui Bo Jan 2025

Topology And Parameter Joint Identification In Imbalanced Low-Voltage Distribution Networks Based On Load Characteristic Propagation, Yanan Zhang, Gan Zhou, Huan Mao, Wei Gu, Yanjun Feng, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Low-voltage distribution networks often suffer from incomplete or outdated network records, making it challenging to obtain the topology and line parameters under actual operating conditions. To address this issue, a joint identification method is proposed based on the propagation of load transient characteristics. First, the principle of load characteristic propagation is elaborated, and the concept of coupling impedance is introduced. Second, a set of linear regression equations is established based on the changes in current and voltage of the terminal measurements before and after load switching, and then these equations are solved using the least squares method to form the …

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