Engineering Commons^™

Learning-Guided Bi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization For Green Municipal Waste Collection Vehicle Routing, Shubing Liao, Yixin Xu, Yunyun Niu, Zhiguang Cao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Waste management has emerged as a critical issue in modern society, where vehicles are scheduled to visit multiple locations for waste collection and transport. This study focuses on a key problem in waste management: route optimization of waste collection vehicles, and formulate it as a bi-objective vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand (VRPSD), aiming to minimizing both total costs and carbon emissions. Although previous studies have significantly advanced our understanding of solving similar problems, the lack of real-world data and limited problem-solving capabilities still restrict the practical applicability of existing methods. To bridge this research gap, this study designed a …

Peerproxy: A Webrtc Proxy For Http, Nathan Li-En Lee

Master's Theses

Advances in networking technologies have empowered individuals to easily self-host digital services such as websites and smart home systems. However, accessing these services externally often requires port forwarding, which requires manual router configuration, technical expertise in networking, and is sometimes restricted by internet service providers. Proxy-based services such as Ngrok and Cloudflare Tunnels simplify external access by using publicly hosted proxy servers, but introduce increased infrastructure costs and privacy concerns due to reliance on third-party servers that can inspect or store traffic.

This thesis presents PeerProxy, a novel framework that simplifies access to self-hosted web services without manual network configuration, …

Design And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Composite As A Potential Sorbent Of Heavy Metals From Water, Ebtesam Mohammed Alghafri

Theses

Reducing the levels of heavy metals in water is crucial, given their severe environmental and health impacts. Various methods exist for heavy metals removal. Yet, they mostly come with multiple drawbacks, such as costly treatments and limited efficiency. Previous studies have found geopolymer to be a promising sorbent because it is synthesized using by-product materials, making it an eco-friendly and economically sustainable alternative. Limited studies explored the sorption potential of fly ash-slag blended geopolymers; none examined the effect of mix design factors synergically on sorption, mechanical properties, and durability, and few considered solution characteristics and operating conditions simultaneously. Therefore, this …

Understanding The Breadth And Impact Of The Ias [Presidents Message], Ayman El-Refaie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Heat-Pipe-Based Thermal Management System Design For A 250 Kw Gan-Based Integrated Modular Motor Drive, Seyed Iman Hosseini Sabzevari, Salar Koushan, Armin Ebrahimian, Towhid Islam Chowdhury, Nathan Weise, Ayman El-Refaie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Integrated modular motor drive (IMMD) is an effective approach for realizing high-efficiency, high-power-density, and fault-tolerant electric machines. However, designing an efficient thermal management system (TMS) for the motor drive becomes a challenge, particularly due to space constraints. This article presents the design of a TMS based on 3-mm heat pipes for a 250-kW IMMD intended for aviation applications. The power electronics module is simulated using PLECS software where an electrothermal analysis is conducted. A simplified thermal resistance model of the system is developed to estimate the die junction temperature of gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors. The performance of the proposed TMS …

Updated Document On Standard Terminology For Foot And Ankle, Jason T. Bariteau, Constantine A. Demetracopoulos, Ahmed Khalil Attia, Nacime Salomão Barbachan Mansur, Daniel J. Scott, Karen M. Kruger, Amy L. Lenz

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The Standardized Terminology and Measurement Subcommittee was established as an ad hoc academic entity at the behest of Dr Ian Alexander in 1990. Members who have served on the committee include Ian Alexander, David Katcherian, Harold Kitaoka, Bright McConnell, Chris Reynolds, Charles Saltzman, and Saul Trevino. This subcommittee met twice yearly at the annual winter and summer meetings. This initial work was coordinated with members of the POSNA’s Committee on Terminology and Measurement.   These definitions were published in Foot & Ankle International and were expected to be included in the Guidelines for Manuscript Preparation, which was never done.

Activity And Function Of The Endothelial Sodium Channel Is Regulated By The Effector Domain Of Marcks-Like Protein 1 In Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells, Ling Yu, Niharika Bala, Van-Anh L. Nguyen, Leah Kessler, John F. Ladisa Jr., Abdel A. Alli

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Enhanced endothelial sodium channel (EnNaC) functioning causes an increase in vessel stiffness. Here, we investigated the regulation of EnNaC in mouse aortic endothelial cells (mAoECs) by the actin cytoskeleton and lipid raft association protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate-like protein 1 (MLP1). We hypothesized that mutation of specific amino acid residues within the effector domain of MLP1 or loss of association between MLP1 and the anionic phospholipid phosphate PIP2 would significantly alter membrane association and EnNaC activity in mAoECs. mAoECs transiently transfected with a mutant MLP1 construct (three serine residues in the effector domain replaced with aspartate residues) showed a significant …

U.S. Federal Aviation Administration Safety Management System Regulations: An Informal Policy Evaluation, Brian J. Roggow

Publications

The United States (US) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) revised 14 CFR § Part 5 Safety Management Systems, effective May 28, 2024. US air carriers have one year to modify their existing Safety Management System (SMS), whereas commuter and on-demand operators, commercial air tour operators, certain production certificate holders, and certain holders of a type certificate must implement an SMS within three years. The sociopolitical and legal rule-making processes are complex. This research evaluates the most recently revised FAA SMS regulations through the lens of prevailing literature, theories, and standard practices. Policy assessments and evaluations by non-governmental stakeholders can further inform …

A Bayesian Belief Networks Approach To Prioritize Road Safety Mitigation Measures For Eco-Mobility Modes, Fatmah Mohamed Alyammahi

Theses

This study presents an innovative decision-making approach that enables the prioritization of road safety measures for eco-mobility users—pedestrians, cyclists and light-electric micromobility riders—in Abu Dhabi. The analysis uses 2032 eco-mobility crash records (1016 pedestrian, 567 bicycle, 449 e-scooter) from 2020-2023 supplied by Abu Dhabi Police and the Department of Municipalities and Transport. A supervised Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) was constructed around six empirically estimated variables: visibility, predictability, road curvature, obstructions, lighting and speed limit. Maximum-likelihood conditional-probability tables were derived from the cleaned dataset; Beta priors were applied only where cell counts were sparse. Ten conventional machine-learning models—including Random Forest, Gradient …

Performance Comparison Of Iot-Powered Indoor Hydroponic Systems And Outdoor Traditional Environment, Saleha Alharthi

Theses

Traditional agriculture faces challenges, including high water consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and fluctuations in environmental conditions. The research aims to develop alternative sustainable solutions to address issues related to traditional farming. Hydroponics provides opportunities to grow different types of vegetables indoors, where conventional agriculture is challenging. This thesis presents a comparative study of soil-based and hydroponic arugula cultivation using the nutrient film technique (NFT). The proposed methodology focuses on maintaining high similarity in the implementation of components across systems to ensure fair comparison. This thesis utilized distinct approaches. The first approach compared an outdoor soil-based system with an indoor hydroponic …

Justification Of Permissible Discharges Of Water Users Into Water Bodies, Mariia S. Stroganova, Ivan V. Antonov, Andrey V. Epifanov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The purpose of this work is developing an algorithm for ecological and technological rationing of the permissible load on water bodies using geoinformation systems. The algorithm takes into account the self-purification of aquatic ecosystems using a three-component model. Initially, the article provides an overview of methods for determining the permissible discharge masses of pollutants for developing new approaches to rationing. The algorithm of ecological and technological rationing of the load on water bodies and geoinformation systems for its implementation is proposed. The main models used to assess the ecological state of an aquatic ecosystem are considered. A three-component model of …

Separation Of Fatty Acids From Horse Fat And Their Analysis, Sherzod Y. Rakhmanov, Madina O. Khamidovа, Dilshod P. Rakhimov, Rashidah Sokur, Nuriddin T. Kenjaev

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

A distinctive feature of horse fat from other animal fats is the presence of amino acids and keratin in its composition, which are not found in other oils, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, microelements, vitamins A, E, PP, B. The aim of this work is to separate fatty acids from horse fat and analyze them. The process of separating fatty acids included the stages of saponification with sodium hydroxide, decomposition of the resulting soaps in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. The study of the composition of the separated fatty acids by the chromatograph mass spectrometric method of analysis established …

Synthesis, Crystal Structure And Some Physicochemical Properties Of Cerium Complexes Containing Beta-Diketonate Ligands, Feruza F. Fayzullayeva, Salmon M. Mukhammadiev, Gulbeka Yu. Mamatova, Shahlo Sh. Daminova

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize novel Ce(III) coordination compounds utilizing the β-diketonate ligand (1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione). The structures of the resulting complexes were determined through single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). In these complexes, the oxygen atoms of the ligand form bidentate bonds with the metal ion. The geometry surrounding the cerium ion is described as distorted square antiprismatic, influenced by the flexibility and steric hindrance of the dibenzoylmethane (dbm) ligand. Additional characterization of the newly synthesized complex was performed using IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Synthesis Of Acetylene Diols In The Catalytic System Of Cu(Otf)2/Thf/Tbabr, Abduvakhаb Ikramov, Lochinbek Q. Ablakulov, Odiljon E. Ziyadullayev, Sardor M. Rakhmatov, Mirjalol E. Ziyadullayev

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of the work was the synthesis of acetylenediols in the Cu(OTf)₂/THF/TBABr catalytic system. The synthesis of acetylenic diols based on the alkynylation process of aliphatic and heterocyclic ketones containing two carbonyl groups in their molecules in the presence of alkyne hydrocarbons was studied for the first time using the Cu(OTf)₂/THF/TBABr catalytic system. The effects of temperature, reaction time, nature of solvent and catalyst, and molar amount of starting materials on the synthesis of acetylenic alcohols in the selected system were studied, and based on the results obtained, alternative conditions for the process were found.

Synthesis And Study Of New Complex Compounds Of Copper(Ii) And (5-Methyl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-Ylsulfanil)-Acetic Acid, Ekaterina V. Kinshakova, Aziz K. Atashov, Batirbay S. Torambetov, Shakhnoza A. Kadirova

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The purpose of this study is to synthesize new copper (II) coordination compounds with a heterocyclic polydentate ligand (5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-ylsulfanyl) -acetic acid and to study their structure. The structure of the complexes was established by the method of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of single crystals, it was shown that the complexes have a polymer structure and a coordination polyhedron of the square pyramid type, however, one of them is mono-nuclear composition (C₁₀H₁₄CuN₄O₆S₄*2H₂O)_n, and the second is bi-nuclear composition of cluster type (C₂₀H₂₀Cu_{2 …}

Synthesis Of Acetylene-Based Hetarene Derivatives In The Presence Of Catalysts, Abdulla T. Umrzokov, Abduvaxаb Ikramov, Khusnitdin M. Vapoev, Yusuf K. Zhumanov, Sardor M. Kodirov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of the study is to synthesize hetaren derivatives of acetylene amination reactions using local natural raw materials as catalyst carriers. Various grades of Oltintag and Angren kaolins, various grades of Navbakhor bentonite, as well as the opaque rock of the Karmaninsky deposit were used as catalyst carriers. Thermal, acidic and hydrothermal treatment was carried out on the appropriate sorbents, with the production of catalysts of various modifications from sorbents and active components. The processes of catalytic condensation of acetylene with ammonia were studied using modified catalysts. The effect of the reaction temperature, the active components of the catalyst, …

Bismuth Cuprates Produced By Solar Energy Showing Anomalous Resistance, Dilbara Dj. Gulamova, Sirojiddin Z. Mirzaev, Sirojiddin Kh. Bobokulov, Timur I. Gulamov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of the study is to obtain bismuth superconducting cuprates with higher superconducting properties. The advantages of superconducting materials in power engineering, disadvantages of synthesis based on solid-phase and melt principles, and the prospect of using nontrivial methods to obtain high critical parameters are presented. The advantages of synthesis under the influence of concentrated solar energy are shown. In order to obtain a superconductor with high critical properties, a massive, long-term stable bismuth cuprate was synthesized using solar technology. It pushes out an external magnetic field and has a nanostructured layered microstructure with caverns containing submicron-sized particles. The phase …

Predicting Battery Efficiency: A Theoretical Approach, Haiti Schafers

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

The Kansas ElectroRally Races continuously demand faster electric vehicles (EV). When designing a vehicle one of the most important components is the battery. This study was designed to find the following; What is the optimal throttle percentage to run a 36V 20Ah (768Wh) LiFePO4 Rechargeable Battery Pack[1].

The optimal throttle percentage was found with methods detailed in a different section. Based on the performance of the older cars this study choose to focus on 50% and 70%, while obtaining other relevant data to further that inference.

The Role Of Chitosan In Increasing The Mechanical And Antibacterial Properties Of Paper, Khurshid Khamidulla Ugli Khaydullaev, Jaloliddin Faxriddin Ugli Ungarov, Munavvar Umar Kizi Iskandarova, Yorqinjon Tulqin Ugli Ergashev, Guzal Yusupovna Akmalova, Elmurod Abduqodirovich Egamberdiev

Technical science and innovation

Chitosan is also widely used in the paper industry to improve paper production and paper properties. Indeed, the molecular structure of chitosan is similar to cellulose, which contributes to the formation of a strong compound. Due to the presence of chitin (-NHCOCH₃) functional groups in chitosan (-NH₂), these groups are insoluble in water, but soluble in a solution of chitosan acid with deacetylation levels above 60%. On the contrary, chitin does not dissolve. Chitin and chitosan are insoluble in alkaline and organic solutions under normal conditions. In general, a high percentage of the amine (NH_{2 …}

Evaluating And Improving U.S. National Water Model Evapotranspiration Estimates Through Eddy-Covariance Flux Tower Observations And Machine Learning Post-Processing, Abin Raj Chapagain

Theses and Dissertations

Despite ET's critical importance in the hydrological cycle, very little has been done to provide ET forecasts at a national level. This study comprises two research chapters examining the National Water Model's (NWM) evapotranspiration (ET) simulations. In Chapter II, we conducted the first comprehensive NWM ET model performance assessment by comparing simulations to eddy-covariance flux tower measurements across the Continental United States (CONUS) on a high-resolution, 1 KM square grid. We clustered results by National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFCs), land cover classifications, elevation bands, and Köppen-Geiger Climate Zones. The NWM performs best in the Northeast and Ohio …

Design Features Of Ion Exchange Plant For Wastewater Treatment, Tatyana Vladimirovna Drabkova, Sadritdin Makhamatdinovich Turabdzhanov, Fayzulla Nigmatullaevich Rakhmatullaev, Ulughukha Nusratullaevich Rakhmatov, Aziza Alimdzhanovna Shokhakimova

Technical science and innovation

This study presents an ion exchange unit designed for selective and comprehensive wastewater treatment. The unit includes all technological processes: solution filtration, ion exchanger loosening, sorbent regeneration and washing, which is a significant advantage of the proposed technology and eliminates the need for additional devices. This significantly increases the overall efficiency of the cleaning process, reducing costs and simplifying the operation of the system. Experimental studies have confirmed the high efficiency and feasibility of using ion exchange units in modern operating conditions, which makes them universal in application for various industries, including metallurgy and chemistry. The main idea of the …

Approach Formula To Increase Energy Efficiency Of Internal Combustion Engines In The “Green Economy” And Impact On The Natural Ecosystem, Zakirjon Ergashevich Musabekov, Hilola Zokir Qizi Uralova, Sayyodbek Ilxomjon O‘G‘Li Abdullajonov

Technical science and innovation

This article discusses, analyzes, and proposes solutions for the role of internal combustion engines in forming a "green economy", as well as ways to replace or modernize them. The relationship between internal combustion engines and the "green economy," as well as their energy efficiency and impact on natural ecosystems, is a crucial and urgent issue. These engines primarily generate energy through the combustion of petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel. However, this process releases harmful gases into the atmosphere, contributing to environmental degradation. The green economy is an economic model designed to protect the environment, ensure the efficient management …

Practical Experiments Conducted On Determining The Air Velocity At The Inlet And Outlet Of The Intensive Separator And Processing Of The Obtained Results, Ilxom Zapirovich Abbazov, Kudrat Sherzadovich Khodjayev, Bobir Nabijon Ugli Sharopov, Rashid Kaldybaev

Technical science and innovation

In the primary processing of cotton raw materials, the means of storing cotton, transporting it from the gins to the departments, and transferring the product between departments are pneumatic conveying devices. Separators are devices for separating cotton from the air and cotton mixture in such pneumatic conveying devices. Separators are used in two types of conditions, namely, in a mobile or stationary state. The device for separating cotton from air consists of three main working parts: they are the parts for feeding cotton into the working chamber, separating it from the air flow, and removing cotton and air. These parts, …

Effective Cleaning Of Cotton In A Saw Gin, Rustam Shennikovich Sulaymonov, Amirqulovich Begzod Irgashev, Zarshid Omonov Jumanazar O'G'Li

Technical science and innovation

In order to improve the efficiency of the cotton cleaning process and improve the quality of the fiber, the Gin feeder was improved with a colosnik grid. This constructive change serves to more effectively separate cotton raw materials from impurities and reduce the likelihood of fiber damage. Studies have found that the cleaning efficiency of the feeder in cleaning Cotton of varieties I and III has increased by an average of 2.4 (abs)% compared to the current system. Fiber quality also improved by 0.46% (abs) for Type I cotton and 0.22% (abs) for Type III cotton. Experimental results showed that …

Painting Rich Six-Dimensional Pictures Using Polarized Fluorescence Microscopy, Matthew D. Lew

Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Estimating Snow Coverage Percentage On Solar Panels Using Drone Imagery And Machine Learning For Enhanced Energy Efficiency, Ashraf Saleem, Ali Awad, Amna Mazen, Zoe Mazurkiewicz, Ana Dyreson

Michigan Tech Publications

Snow accumulation on solar panels presents a significant challenge to energy generation in snowy regions, reducing the efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and impacting economic viability. While prior studies have explored snow detection using fixed-camera setups, these methods suffer from scalability limitations, stationary viewpoints, and the need for reference images. This study introduces an automated deep-learning framework that leverages drone-captured imagery to detect and quantify snow coverage on solar panels, aiming to enhance power forecasting and optimize snow removal strategies in winter conditions. We developed and evaluated two approaches using YOLO-based models: Approach 1, a high-precision method utilizing a …

Modern Ir-Spectroscopic Methods For The Analysis Of Hydroxybenzene-Methanal Resin Obtained On The Basis Of 2,5-Furandion, Sherali Anvarovich Umarov, Ravshan Israilovich Ismailov Ismailov

Technical science and innovation

The chemical changes occurring during the synthesis of hydroxybenzene-methanal resins obtained on the basis of 2,5-furandion under various ratios and temperature conditions were investigated using the IR spectroscopic method. Analysis of the compositional changes in the resin during the production of the thermoreactive resin revealed that the content of hydroxyl groups (~3300–3500 cm⁻¹) decreased, while the aldehyde groups (~1700–1750 cm⁻¹) increased; moreover, the presence of ether groups (~1050–1150 cm⁻¹) indicated that the process was successful. The synthesis of resins based on thermoreactive hydroxybenzene-methanal resins was carried out at high temperatures (70°C, 80°C, 95°C). During the identification of the functional groups …

Development And Analysis Of The Kinematic-Dynamic Model Of The Rehabilitation Exoskeleton System, Umidjon Abdumutalipovich Takabaev, Zafar Botirovich Juraev

Technical science and innovation

Designing modern rehabilitation exoskeleton systems requires a comprehensive study of human-machine interactions. In this process, creating kinematic and dynamic mathematical models of the system is extremely important. In this paper, we develop mathematical models that describe rehabilitation exoskeleton systems' kinematic and dynamic properties. Based on the Denavit-Hartenberg method we construct kinematic model of the exoskeleton system. The method gave us to determine the coordinate system for each joint. Furthermore, we also study the motion range of joints of the exoskeleton. Modeling the dynamic properties of the system performed with the second-order Lagrange equation. The exoskeleton construction consisting of knee, thigh, …

Theoretical Analysis Of The Fiber Flow Movement Under The Influence Of Columns, Avazbek Azamatovich Obidov, Rashid Gulomjonovich Rakhimov

Technical science and innovation

During the study, the optimal design for testing the improved fiber cleaning device was initially selected, and a process flow diagram of the fiber cleaning chamber was created for theoretical studies. According to this process flow diagram, based on theoretical studies, the behavior of fibers in the grate of the fiber cleaning device was studied, and the effect of changing the geometric parameters of the grates on the cleaning efficiency was determined. Using the developed mathematical model, graphs were constructed for the dependence of the fiber flow rate on the angle of coverage at different values of the angular speeds …

Sorption-Spectroscopic Method For Determining Mn Ions In Wastewater, Zulayho Asanalievna Smanova, Zukhra Ziyatovna Yakshieva, Nazira Kuchkarbayevna Madusmanova, Gulyorkhon Otkir Qizi Miradkhamova

Technical science and innovation

In this article, the processes of metal complex synthesis are studied in detail. Zinc OEDF+NTF complexation reactions were carried out in the presence of polyhydric alcohols, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and citric acid. For the first time, the synergistic efficiency of a mixture of zinc OEDF+NTF complexes with methyldiethanolamine, used as an inhibitor of mineral salt accumulation, was studied. It was found that when selecting the components in equivalent amounts, the inhibition efficiency of the composition is at least 90%. The high efficiency of inhibiting mineral salt accumulation in the composition is due to the presence of methyldiethanolamine, alkylimidazoline, and their …