More Than Medication: Perinatal Palliative Care.,
2016
Children's Mercy Hospital
More Than Medication: Perinatal Palliative Care., Brian S. Carter
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
No abstract provided.
Parental Refusal Of Surgery In An Infant With Tricuspid Atresia.,
2016
Children's Mercy Hospital
Parental Refusal Of Surgery In An Infant With Tricuspid Atresia., Alexander A. Kon, Angira Patel, Steven Leuthner, John Lantos
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
We present a case of a fetal diagnosis of tricuspid atresia (TA). The pregnant woman and her husband requested that the baby be treated with only palliative care. The cardiologist did not think it would be appropriate to withhold life-prolonging surgery once the infant was born. The neonatologist argued that outcomes for TA are similar to those for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and the standard practice at the institution was to allow parents to choose surgery or end-of-life care for those infants. The team requested an ethics consultation to assist in determining whether forgoing life-prolonging interventions in this case would …
Medicine Outside The Clinic: The Growing Need For Physicians In Sexual Education Policy,
2016
Marshall University
Medicine Outside The Clinic: The Growing Need For Physicians In Sexual Education Policy, Zachary Sanford
Marshall Journal of Medicine
Sex and sexuality are both topics of immense social and personal importance, owing their openness or constraint in large part to the society in which they are discussed. In homogenous groups it may be possible to reach firm consensus on what is, or is not, appropriate to consider a sexual norm and use an overarching set of religious or spiritual morals to reaffirm this decision. However, in western society and specifically in the United States, a theme of integration and amalgamation of wildly different cultures has presented an interesting case study in searching for common ground on basic social issues. …
Commentary: The Worst 4-Letter Word In Healthcare,
2016
Nova Southeastern University
Commentary: The Worst 4-Letter Word In Healthcare, Peter G. Holub
Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice
“Wait” is a four-letter word to patients who are rarely patient when it comes to waiting. What can caregivers do to help patients cope with waiting while their entire lives are put on hold?
Moral Distress: Cowardly Lion To Courageous Action,
2016
Southern Adventist University
Moral Distress: Cowardly Lion To Courageous Action, Frances Johnson 2362973
Faculty Works
Moral distress is a key issue in the healthcare work environment. This course will explore situations in which health care providers may find themselves that result in moral distress; situations can arise from patients, their families, co-workers, or the organization. Providing quality, evidence based practice is many times limited to doing what is allowed per protocols or payors, and not always what is best for that given situation. Included in this presentation are ways to affirm what is felt, assess sources of distress, contemplate risks and benefits of action, and prepare for action.
Patient Autonomy And The Right To Die,
2016
Sacred Heart University
Patient Autonomy And The Right To Die, Roger K. Halbert (Class Of 2016)
Writing Across the Curriculum
The Patient Bill of Rights grants protection for patient autonomy, the right to accept or refuse treatment, while the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, or doing no harm, is tightly held by medical clinicians. However, when doing what the patient wants is not in accord with what the physician believes is right and good, ethical conflicts arise.
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Fall 2016,
2016
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Fall 2016
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Death With Dignity,
2016
Cedarville University
Death With Dignity, Bemjamin Adam, Samantha Gross, John Nybo, Joel Sweeney
Introduction to Public Health Posters
The death with dignity movement, which encompasses euthanasia, is a current trend in healthcare that negatively affects the public health of nations and adversely impacts the profession of pharmacy .
The Future Of Teratology Research Is In Vitro,
2016
University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
The Future Of Teratology Research Is In Vitro, Jarrod Bailey, Andrew Knight, Jonathan Balcombe
Jarrod Bailey, PhD
Birth defects induced by maternal exposure to exogenous agents during pregnancy are preventable, if the agents themselves can be identified and avoided. Billions of dollars and manhours have been dedicated to animal-based discovery and characterisation methods over decades. We show here, via a comprehensive systematic review and analysis of this data, that these methods constitute questionable science and pose a hazard to humans. Mean positive and negative predictivities barely exceed 50%; discordance among the species used is substantial; reliable extrapolation from animal data to humans is impossible, and virtually all known human teratogens have so far been identified in spite …
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 3. Alternatives To The Bioassay,
2016
Animal Consultants International
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 3. Alternatives To The Bioassay, Andrew Knight, Jarrod Bailey, Jonathan Balcombe
Jarrod Bailey, PhD
Conventional animal carcinogenicity tests take around three years to design, conduct and interpret. Consequently, only a tiny fraction of the thousands of industrial chemicals currently in use have been tested for carcinogenicity. Despite the costs of hundreds of millions of dollars and millions of skilled personnel hours, as well as millions of animal lives, several investigations have revealed that animal carcinogenicity data lack human specificity (i.e. the ability to identify human non-carcinogens), which severely limits the human predictivity of the bioassay. This is due to the scientific inadequacies of many carcinogenicity bioassays, and numerous serious biological obstacles, which render profoundly …
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 2. Obstacles To Extrapolation Of Data To Humans,
2016
Animal Consultants International
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 2. Obstacles To Extrapolation Of Data To Humans, Andrew Knight, Jarrod Bailey, Jonathan Balcombe
Jarrod Bailey, PhD
Due to limited human exposure data, risk classification and the consequent regulation of exposure to potential carcinogens has conventionally relied mainly upon animal tests. However, several investigations have revealed animal carcinogenicity data to be lacking in human predictivity. To investigate the reasons for this, we surveyed 160 chemicals possessing animal but not human exposure data within the US Environmental Protection Agency chemicals database, but which had received human carcinogenicity assessments by 1 January 2004. We discovered the use of a wide variety of species, with rodents predominating, and of a wide variety of routes of administration, and that there were …
Compassion As A Practical And Evolved Ethic For Conservation,
2016
University of Technology Sydney
Compassion As A Practical And Evolved Ethic For Conservation, David Ramp, Marc Bekoff
Marc Bekoff, PhD
The ethical position underpinning decisionmaking is an important concern for conservation biologists when setting priorities for interventions. The recent debate on how best to protect nature has centered on contrasting intrinsic and aesthetic values against utilitarian and economic values, driven by an inevitable global rise in conservation conflicts. These discussions have primarily been targeted at species and ecosystems for success, without explicitly expressing concern for the intrinsic value and welfare of individual animals. In part, this is because animal welfare has historically been thought of as an impediment to conservation. However, practical implementations of conservation that provide good welfare outcomes …
Intention And Moral Enhancement,
2016
Cleveland State University
Intention And Moral Enhancement, William Simkulet
Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications
Recently philosophers have proposed a wide variety of interventions referred to as 'moral enhancements'. Some of these interventions are concerned with helping individuals make more informed decisions; others, however, are designed to compel people to act as the intervener sees fit. Somewhere between these two extremes lie interventions designed to direct an agent's attention either towards morally relevant issues - hat-hanging - or away from temptations to do wrong - hat-hiding. I argue that these interventions fail to constitute genuine moral enhancement because, although they may result in more desirable outcomes - more altruism, more law-following, and/or less self-destructive behavior, …
Ada Code Of Ethics (September 2016),
2016
American Dental Association
Ada Code Of Ethics (September 2016), American Dental Association
Code of Ethics
The ADA Code of Ethics has three main components: The Principles of Ethics, the Code of Professional Conduct and the Advisory Opinions. Contents may also include: Amendment to ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct and Insert for the ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. The most current issue is available on the ADA’s website.
Harry F. Harlow And Animal Research: Reflection On The Ethical Paradox,
2016
University of New Mexico
Harry F. Harlow And Animal Research: Reflection On The Ethical Paradox, John P. Gluck
John P. Gluck, PhD
With respect to the ethical debate about the treatment of animals in biomedical and behavioral research, Harry F. Harlow represents a paradox. On the one hand, his work on monkey cognition and social development fostered a view of the animals as having rich subjective lives filled with intention and emotion. On the other, he has been criticized for the conduct of research that seemed to ignore the ethical implications of his own discoveries. The basis of this contradiction is discussed and propositions for current research practice are presented.
Rethinking The Ethics Of Research Involving Nonhuman Animals: Introduction,
2016
Georgetown University
Rethinking The Ethics Of Research Involving Nonhuman Animals: Introduction, Tom L. Beauchamp, Hope Ferdowsian, John P. Gluck
John P. Gluck, PhD
No abstract provided.
Animals In Biomedical Research: The Undermining Effect Of The Rhetoric Of The Besieged,
2016
University of New Mexico
Animals In Biomedical Research: The Undermining Effect Of The Rhetoric Of The Besieged, John P. Gluck, Steven R. Kubacki
John P. Gluck, PhD
It is correctly asserted that the intensity of the current debate over the use of animals in biomedical research is unprecedented. The extent of expressed animosity and distrust has stunned many researchers. In response, researchers have tended to take a strategic defensive posture, which involves the assertation of several abstract positions that serve to obstruct resolution of the debate. Those abstractions include the notions that the animal protection movement is trivial and purely anti-intellectual in scope, that all science is good (and some especially so), and the belief that an ethical consensus can never really be reached between the parties.
All The Lonely People,
2016
Aurora Health Care
All The Lonely People, John Brill
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
A primary care physician laments the loneliness apparent in many underserved patients and seeks closure in the death of one patient in particular.
Lessons From Toxicology: Developing A 21st‑Century Paradigm For Medical Research,
2016
Humane Society International
Lessons From Toxicology: Developing A 21st‑Century Paradigm For Medical Research, Gill Langley, Christopher P. Austin, Anil K. Balapure, Linda S. Birnbaum, John R. Bucher, Julia Fentem, Suzanne C. Fitzpatrick, John R. Fowle Iii, Robert J. Kavlock, Hiroaki Kitano, Brett A. Lidbury, Alysson R. Muotri, Shuang-Qing Peng, Dmitry Sakharov, Troy Seidle, Thales Trez, Alexander Tonevitsky, Anja Van De Stolpe, Maurice Whelan, Catherine Willett
Gill Langley, PhD
Biomedical developments in the 21st century provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain a dynamic systems-level and human-specific understanding of the causes and pathophysiologies of disease. This understanding is a vital need, in view of continuing failures in health research, drug discovery, and clinical translation. The full potential of advanced approaches may not be achieved within a 20th-century conceptual framework dominated by animal models. Novel technologies are being integrated into environmental health research and are also applicable to disease research, but these advances need a new medical research and drug discovery paradigm to gain maximal benefits. We suggest a new conceptual …
Alzheimer Disease Research In The 21st Century: Past And Current Failures, New Perspectives And Funding Priorities,
2016
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
Alzheimer Disease Research In The 21st Century: Past And Current Failures, New Perspectives And Funding Priorities, Francesca Pistollato, Elan L. Ohayon, Ann Lam, Gillian R. Langley, Thomas J. Novak, David Pamies, George Perry, Eugenia Trushina, Robin S.B. Williams, Alex E. Roher, Thomas Hartung, Stevan Harnad, Neal D. Barnard, Martha Clare Morris, Mei-Chun Lai, Ryan Merkley, P. Charukeshi Chandrasekera
Gill Langley, PhD
Much of Alzheimer disease (AD) research has been traditionally based on the use of animals, which have been extensively applied in an effort to both improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and to test novel therapeutic approaches. However, decades of such research have not effectively translated into substantial therapeutic success for human patients. Here we critically discuss these issues in order to determine how existing human-based methods can be applied to study AD pathology and develop novel therapeutics. These methods, which include patient-derived cells, computational analysis and models, together with large-scale epidemiological studies represent novel and …
