Public Health Commons^™

Examining Universal Primary Healthcare Through Community-Based Initiatives, Donald E. Warden

Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper examines enacting community-based primary healthcare programs and initiatives. It looks at the weaknesses of past attempts, the successes of current attempts, and gives insight into ways everyday citizens can change the way the world does healthcare. There are social, economic, and political barriers as to why these programs are not enacted. Since 1978, Member states of the United Nations strive towards healthcare for all. The original 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata sets the bar at achieving this goal by the year 2000. Now in the 21^st century, the world still battles inadequate healthcare. Nations continue to strive towards ...

Private Choice Versus Public Health: Religion, Morality, And Childhood Vaccination Law, Ross D. Silverman, Thomas May

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

Conflicting Discourses Of Participatory Postdevelopment In Community-Led Total Sanitation, Shaina M. Pomerantz Kasper

Honors Projects

The development community perceives the current “sanitation crisis” to be remedied with water, sanitation and hygiene initiatives. While the participatory process of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) incorporates community involvement, it still imposes globalized sanitation norms and a dominant external worldview. Using discourse analysis of the CLTS handbook, I argue that CLTS structurally advocates for continuing local hierarchies, promotes external technologies, enforces the power of outside development facilitation, and creates a new sanitation paradigm. Communities continue to resist sanitation development such as CLTS because of its top-down structure. I conclude by offering policy recommendations to improve the CLTS process.

Prenatal Oral Health Education In U.S. Obstetrics And Gynecology Residencies And Dental Schools: Results Of A National Survey, Megan Weeks, Judith A. Savageau, Hugh Silk

Senior Scholars Program

Background: Pregnant women represent a special population within oral health care. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased infant caries can occur when prenatal oral disease is not addressed. Currently, medical and dental clinicians are not meeting the oral health needs of pregnant patients.

Objective: Medical and dental providers are not addressing prenatal oral health (POH) with patients despite knowledge of the risks. The objective of this study was to determine how training in dental schools and OB/Gyn residencies may contribute to this paradox.

Methods: We conducted a national survey of 60 dental school deans and 240 obstetrics and gynecology residency ...

The Presence Of Coups D'État Within Revolutions: Effects On Population Health, Rose E. Facchini

Master Theses

The present study is a comparative approach to revolutions and their effect on population health during the post-conflict period. Specifically, it attempts to determine whether revolutions that are accompanied by a coup d'état have a significant negative impact on post-revolution population health. Degree of revolutionary violence, governmental structures, and pre-revolution health systems is of particular interest as relevant variables. The study focuses on the Latin American countries of Nicaragua and Chile due to their similar region and timeframe. The revolutions and accompanying coup d'état in both of these countries do not demonstrate different patterns on public health in ...

Evaluation Of Lift Up Your Voice! Advocacy Training For Older Adults And Their Caregivers: Executive Summary, Alison Gottlieb, Nina M. Silverstein, Kelli Barton

Gerontology Institute Publications

The Lift Up Your Voice! (LUYV) training, a component of Community Catalyst’s effort to support the Campaign for Better Care (CBC), is designed to mobilize grassroots advocacy structures of vulnerable older adults by directly engaging and empowering older adults and their caregivers. The goal of the evaluation is to assess the effectiveness LUYV in recruiting potential advocates, educating them about the health care reform, empowering them via advocacy skills training, and engaging them in state-based CBC activities.

Microglial Disruption In Young Mice With Early Chronic Exposure To Lead, Christina Sobin Ph.D., Mayra Gisel Flores Montoya M.A., Natali Parisi Ph.D., Tanner Schaub Ph.D., Miguel Cervantes B.S., Rodrigo Xavier Armijos M.D., Scd

Christina Sobin, Ph.D.

The mechanisms by which early chronic lead (Pb) exposure alters brain development have not been identified. We examined neuroimmune system effects in C57BL/6J mice with Pb exposure, including levels that may be common among children in lower socioeconomic income environments. Pups were exposed via dams’ drinking water from birth to post-natal day 28 to low, high or no Pb conditions. We compared gene expression of neuroinflammatory markers (study 1); and microglial mean cell body volume and mean cell body number in dentate gyrus, and dentate gyrus volume (study 2). Blood Pb levels in exposed animals at sacrifice (post-natal day ...

Mprove Measure Compilation Template, Glen Mays

Glen Mays

This template provides the data element layout and structure for compiling measures of local public health service delivery collected through the Multi-Network Practice and Outcome Variation Examination Study (MPROVE).

Sp605-B Preventing Lead Poisioning, Martha Keel, Janice Mccoy

Environment (Indoor & Outdoor)

No abstract provided.

Sp605-A What Do You Know About Lead Poisoning? Common Myths, Misunderstandings And The Facts, Martha Keel, Janice Mccoy

Environment (Indoor & Outdoor)

No abstract provided.

Relative Roles Of Medical Interventions And Infrastructure In An Urban Community’S Infant Mortality Rate: 100 Years Of Infant Mortality In The City Of Worcester, Maya Y. Mauch, B. Dale Magee

Senior Scholars Program

Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR), defined as the number of deaths in children under 1 year of age per 1000 live births, is regarded as a sensitive measure of population health (Blaxter). This reflects the overlap between those societal factors that impact infant mortality and those that affect the health of the larger community, such as SES, nutrition, living conditions, education, employment and access to health care. In 2003, Reidpath et al showed a strong linear relation between IMR and the disability adjusted life expectancy (DALE), a more comprehensive measure of population health. They concluded that either the IMR ...

Improved Survival After Heart Failure: A Community-Based Perspective, Kristy T. Webster, Samuel W. Joffe, David D. Mcmanus, Michael S. Kiernan, Darleen M. Lessard, Jorge L. Yarzebski, Chad E. Darling, Joel M. Gore, Robert J. Goldberg

Senior Scholars Program

Background: Heart failure is a highly prevalent, morbid, and costly disease with a poor long-term prognosis. Evidence-based therapies utilized over the past 2 decades hold the promise of improved outcomes, yet few contemporary studies have examined survival trends in patients with acute heart failure.

Objectives: The primary objective of this population-based study was to describe trends in short and long-term survival in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). A secondary objective was to examine patient characteristics associated with decreased long-term survival.

Methods and Results: We reviewed the medical records of 9,748 patients hospitalized with ADHF at all ...

Sp728: Hpv - What Teens Should Know, Barbara Bobbi Clarke, Laura L. Jones

Family

No abstract provided.

Sp729 Hpv: What Parents Should Know, Barbara Bobbi Clarke, Laura L. Jones

Family

No abstract provided.

Sp526-A Do You Know How To Lower Your Risk For Cancer?, Bobbi P. Clarke

Health, and Fitness

No abstract provided.

Pb1807 Bed Bugs: What Schools Need To Know, Karen Veil

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

No abstract provided.

Sp605-F Keys To Healthy Eating, Martha Keel, Janie Burney, Janice Mccoy

Health, and Fitness

No abstract provided.

Sp605-P Lead Poisoning Can Hurt Your Child Bookmark, Martha Keel

Environment (Indoor & Outdoor)

No abstract provided.

Association Of Acculturation And Country Of Origin With Self-Reported Hypertension And Diabetes In A Heterogeneous Hispanic Population, Fatima Rodriguez, Leroi S. Hicks, Lenny Lopez

Open Access Articles

BACKGROUND: Hispanics are the fasting growing population in the U.S. and disproportionately suffer from chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Little is known about the complex interplay between acculturation and chronic disease prevalence in the growing and increasingly diverse Hispanic population. We explored the association between diabetes and hypertension prevalence among distinct U.S. Hispanic subgroups by country of origin and by degree of acculturation.

METHODS: We examined the adult participants in the 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2007 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Using weighted logistic regression stratified by nativity, we measured the association between country of origin ...

Health Effects Of The Federal Bureau Of Prisons Tobacco Ban, Stephen A. Martin, Bartolome R. Celli, Joseph R. Difranza, Stephen J. Krinzman, Jennifer G. Clarke, Herbert Beam, Sandra Howard, Melissa Foster, Robert J. Goldberg

Open Access Articles

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in America, claiming 450,000 lives annually. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, caused by smoking in the vast majority of cases, became the third leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2008. The burden of asthma, often exacerbated by tobacco exposure, has widespread clinical and public health impact. Despite this considerable harm, we know relatively little about the natural history of lung disease and respiratory impairment in adults, especially after smoking cessation.

METHODS/DESIGN: Our paper describes the design and rationale for using the 2004 Federal Bureau of Prisons ...