Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 3. Alternatives To The Bioassay, 2016 Animal Consultants International
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 3. Alternatives To The Bioassay, Andrew Knight, Jarrod Bailey, Jonathan Balcombe
Andrew Knight, Ph.D.
Conventional animal carcinogenicity tests take around three years to design, conduct and interpret. Consequently, only a tiny fraction of the thousands of industrial chemicals currently in use have been tested for carcinogenicity. Despite the costs of hundreds of millions of dollars and millions of skilled personnel hours, as well as millions of animal lives, several investigations have revealed that animal carcinogenicity data lack human specificity (i.e. the ability to identify human non-carcinogens), which severely limits the human predictivity of the bioassay. This is due to the scientific inadequacies of many carcinogenicity bioassays, and numerous serious biological obstacles, which render profoundly …
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 3. Alternatives To The Bioassay, 2016 Animal Consultants International
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 3. Alternatives To The Bioassay, Andrew Knight, Jarrod Bailey, Jonathan Balcombe
Jonathan Balcombe, PhD
Conventional animal carcinogenicity tests take around three years to design, conduct and interpret. Consequently, only a tiny fraction of the thousands of industrial chemicals currently in use have been tested for carcinogenicity. Despite the costs of hundreds of millions of dollars and millions of skilled personnel hours, as well as millions of animal lives, several investigations have revealed that animal carcinogenicity data lack human specificity (i.e. the ability to identify human non-carcinogens), which severely limits the human predictivity of the bioassay. This is due to the scientific inadequacies of many carcinogenicity bioassays, and numerous serious biological obstacles, which render profoundly …
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 2. Obstacles To Extrapolation Of Data To Humans, 2016 Animal Consultants International
Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: 2. Obstacles To Extrapolation Of Data To Humans, Andrew Knight, Jarrod Bailey, Jonathan Balcombe
Jonathan Balcombe, PhD
Due to limited human exposure data, risk classification and the consequent regulation of exposure to potential carcinogens has conventionally relied mainly upon animal tests. However, several investigations have revealed animal carcinogenicity data to be lacking in human predictivity. To investigate the reasons for this, we surveyed 160 chemicals possessing animal but not human exposure data within the US Environmental Protection Agency chemicals database, but which had received human carcinogenicity assessments by 1 January 2004. We discovered the use of a wide variety of species, with rodents predominating, and of a wide variety of routes of administration, and that there were …
A New Invasiveness Scale: Its Role In Reducing Animal Distress, 2016 Animals and Society Institute
A New Invasiveness Scale: Its Role In Reducing Animal Distress, Kenneth J. Shapiro, Peter B. Field
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
No abstract provided.
Advocating For Our Patients Using Clinical Research, 2016 Wayne State University School of Medicine
Advocating For Our Patients Using Clinical Research, Brandon Baker
Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates
This reflection is about experiences trying to relate medical research evidence to actual patient care. This piece talks about shared decision-making about screening mammography.
The Euthanasia Debate: International Experience And Canadian Policy Proposals, 2016 The University of Western Ontario
The Euthanasia Debate: International Experience And Canadian Policy Proposals, Lorna M. Fratschko
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This thesis examines the problematic prospect of the introduction of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide into Canadian society. The thesis argues that euthanasia is too simplistic an approach to address the complexities of end of life issues. The policy proposal under active discussion is profoundly mistaken. The language of euthanasia is examined in relation to the choice of words used, drawing attention to how words, when used loosely, can distort reality in this matter. Historical experience from other jurisdictions is presented to provide a context for this discussion. A "slippery slope" argument emerges via the claim that, in practice and in …
Commentary: Filling The Empathy Gap, 2016 Nova Southeastern University
Commentary: Filling The Empathy Gap, Peter G. Holub
Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice
Some health professionals save lives; however, all health professionals have the power to save humanity. By saving humanity, I mean restoring mankind’s humaneness, which is the capacity to act with benevolence and compassion towards each other. The daily news, which is rarely new anymore, is all about war, terrorism, migrant crises, human trafficking, child abuse, mass shootings, and stories that reflect mankind’s inability to get along with each other and the planet. The remedy for our ailing humanity is right under our noses.
Under The Needle: Ergonomic Issues With Lethal Injection Protocols, 2016 University of Central Florida
Under The Needle: Ergonomic Issues With Lethal Injection Protocols, Gabriella Hancock
Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference
The institution of capital punishment represents one of the most contentious issues affecting societies today; and while the practice is only implemented in 58 countries, the controversy affects the world at large as over 60% of the human population lives in nations that condone the death penalty (Hali, 2015). In the United States, people who support capital punishment believe the practice to be an effective crime deterrent for potential criminals and therefore a prospective protective measure for law abiding citizens. Moreover, advocates defend their position by forwarding the argument that executions are ‘humane’; that use of lethal injection ensures that …
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Spring 2016, 2016 University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Spring 2016
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Law & Healthcare Newsletter, Vol. 23, No. 2, Spring 2016, 2016 University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Law & Healthcare Newsletter, Vol. 23, No. 2, Spring 2016
Law & Health Care Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Is Proxy Consent For An Invasive Procedure On A Patient With Intellectual Disabilities Ethically Sufficient?, 2016 Cleveland State University
Is Proxy Consent For An Invasive Procedure On A Patient With Intellectual Disabilities Ethically Sufficient?, Sonya Charles, Stephen Corey, Peter Bulova
Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Germans And Their Nazi Past: To What Extent Have They Accepted Responsibility?, 2016 University of Passau
The Germans And Their Nazi Past: To What Extent Have They Accepted Responsibility?, Martin Hille
Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers
No abstract provided.
An Analysis Of Women’S Access To Acute Opioid Detoxification Services In Maine: Identifying The Barriers To Treatment, 2016 University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service
An Analysis Of Women’S Access To Acute Opioid Detoxification Services In Maine: Identifying The Barriers To Treatment, Karen E. Conley
Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations
The lack of treatment facilities and services for opioid use disorder in Maine, combined with an increased prevalence of addiction, creates a potential for health inequity between men and women that may be intensified by barriers in access to care. This capstone study utilized detoxification screening inquiry forms and data obtained from the Milestone Foundation’s acute opioid detoxification program to assess and categorize barriers to access by gender. A barriers model was developed based on existing literature and was to identify potential associations among and between the known barriers to accessing treatment. Barriers were described as internally or externally based, …
Considering Decision-Making And Sexuality In Menstrual Suppression Of Teens And Young Adults With Intellectual Disabilities., 2016 Children's Mercy Hospital
Considering Decision-Making And Sexuality In Menstrual Suppression Of Teens And Young Adults With Intellectual Disabilities., Kruti Acharya, John D. Lantos
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
No abstract provided.
Medical Therapy For Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors In A Teen With Autism Spectrum Disorder., 2016 Children's Mercy Hospital
Medical Therapy For Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors In A Teen With Autism Spectrum Disorder., Loyal Coshway, Julia Broussard, Kruti Acharya, Karen Fried, Michael E. Msall, John Lantos, Leena Nahata
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
Teens with autism spectrum disorder often exhibit sexual behaviors in public that are disturbing to parents, teachers, and peers. Some have proposed that such behaviors can be curtailed with hormonal suppression. There is information on the Internet suggesting that such medications work, and some reports in the peer-reviewed medical literature support these claims. Such medications can have serious side effects. In this paper, we present a case in which parents requested such treatment of their teenage son with autism spectrum disorder.
The Ethics Of Animal Research: A Survey Of The Public And Scientists In North America, 2016 University of Alberta
The Ethics Of Animal Research: A Survey Of The Public And Scientists In North America, Ari R. Joffe, Meredith Bara, Natalie Anton, Nathan Nobis
Morality and Ethics of Animal Experimentation Collection
Background: To determine whether the public and scientists consider common arguments (and counterarguments) in support (or not) of animal research (AR) convincing.
Methods: After validation, the survey was sent to samples of public (Sampling Survey International (SSI; Canadian), Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT; US), a Canadian city festival and children’s hospital), medical students (two second-year classes), and scientists (corresponding authors, and academic pediatricians). We presented questions about common arguments (with their counterarguments) to justify the moral permissibility (or not) of AR. Responses were compared using Chi-square with Bonferonni correction.
Results: There were 1220 public [SSI, n = 586; AMT, n = …
This Medication May Kill You: Cognitive Overload And Forced Commercial Speech, 2016 Western Michigan University Cooley Law School
This Medication May Kill You: Cognitive Overload And Forced Commercial Speech, Devin S. Schindler, Tracey Brame
Bioethics: Preparing for the Unknown
The Federal Government requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide prospective customers with an extraordinary amount of information. Justified under the doctrine of informed consent, the Food and Drug Administration has imposed comprehensive guidelines that regulate virtually every aspect of how medications can be marketed. Similar obligations are imposed on physicians involved in biomedical research.
Although informed consent is a cornerstone to the ethical practice of medicine, recent studies employing fMRI technology suggest that mandated disclosure of “too much” information can result in cognitive overload and irrational decision making. The paradoxical effect of the mandated disclosure requirements is that they likely lead …
Just Caring: Parsimonious Care In Certain Uncertain Circumstances, 2016 Michigan State University
Just Caring: Parsimonious Care In Certain Uncertain Circumstances, Leonard M. Fleck
Bioethics: Preparing for the Unknown
Uncertainty is a Hydra-headed phenomenon in health care. From a physician’s perspective there often is uncertainty (many degrees) with respect to diagnosis (and the reliability of the technologies needed to establish a diagnosis), prognosis (and the infinite variety of genetic, physiological, pharmacological, behavioral, technological, economic, and cultural factors that affect the outcome of prognostic judgments), the appropriateness of a therapeutic intervention (perhaps related to medical disagreement), the likely effectiveness of a therapeutic intervention, the risk/ benefit ratio of a therapeutic intervention (potentially complicated by co-morbid conditions), the likelihood of a patient complying with the behaviors needed to maximize the likelihood …
Can The Principle Of Procreative Beneficence Justify The Non-Medical Use Of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?, 2016 Memorial University of Newfoundland
Can The Principle Of Procreative Beneficence Justify The Non-Medical Use Of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?, Biplab Kumar Haldar
Bioethics: Preparing for the Unknown
The Principle of Procreative Beneficence (PB) is a pronatal view in reproductive ethics which was originally formulated by Julian Savulescu in his paper “Procreative Beneficence: Why We Should Select the Best Children”. Further development of the principle was done in another paper titled “The Moral Obligation to Create Children with the Best Chance of the Best Life” in collaboration with Guy Kahane. The principle states that the parents have a moral obligation to select the best possible child, when selection is possible, by means of the genetic screening of the embryos. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is a reproductive technology that …
Does Environmental Enrichment Promote Recovery From Stress In Rainbow Trout?, 2016 University of Liverpool
Does Environmental Enrichment Promote Recovery From Stress In Rainbow Trout?, Kieran C. Pounder, Jennifer L. Mitchell, Jack S. Thomson, Tom G. Pottinger, Jonathan Buckley, Lynne U. Sneddon
Experimental Research and Animal Welfare Collection
The EU Directive on animal experimentation suggests that all protected animals should have enrichment to improve welfare yet relatively little research has been conducted on the impact of enrichment in fish. Studies employing enrichment in zebrafish have been contradictory and all fish species should be provided with species-specific enrichments relevant to their ecology. Salmonids are important experimental models in studies within aquaculture, toxicology and natural ecosystems. This study therefore sought to establish whether an enriched environment in an experimental aquarium may promote improved welfare in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by enhancing their recovery from invasive procedures. Trout were …