Optometry Commons^™

Evaluations Of Exit Competencies Of Optometrists In Mozambique, Kajal Shah, James Loughman

Conference Papers

Introduction: The appropriate education for eye health workers is a key determinant of sustainable eye health care systems, and the solution to avoidable blindness and visual impairment. The Mozambique Eye care Project (MEP), is developing the country's first indigenously trained optometrists using a competency-based education curriculum.

Aims: The principal aim is to evaluate the exit clinical competencies of the first optometry graduates in Mozambique and to inform the evaluation of the competency curriculum.

Methods: Using UK based competencies as a benchmark; nine final year students were examined to assess competences in six core subjects.Further information about factors relating ...

Evaluations Of Exit Competencies Of Optometrists In Mozambique, Kajal Shah, James Loughman

Other

Introduction: The appropriate education for eye health workers is a key determinant of sustainable eye health care systems, and the solution to avoidable blindness and visual impairment. The Mozambique Eye care Project (MEP), is developing the country's first indigenously trained optometrists using a competency-based education curriculum.

Aims: The principal aim is to evaluate the exit clinical competencies of the first optometry graduates in Mozambique and to inform the evaluation of the competency curriculum.

Methods: Using UK based competencies as a benchmark; nine final year students were examined to assess competences in six core subjects.Further information about factors relating ...

The Development Of A Public Optometry System In Mozambique: A Cost Benefit Analysis, Stephen J. Thompson, James Loughman

Articles

No abstract provided.

Visual Performance, And It's Response To Intervention, In Subjects With Age-Related Macular Degeneration., Sarah Sabour-Pickett

Doctoral

Abstract Objectives: 1. To explore visual performance status through a range of psychophysical methods beyond corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), in subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 2. To investigate the effects on these visual performance parameters in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nv-AMD) and in subjects with early AMD undergoing anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy and macular carotenoid supplementation, respectively. 3. To understand the role of a supplement containing meso-zeaxanthin (MZ; the third, and currently least explored, macular carotenoid) on the augmentation of macular pigment (MP), on visual performance and on disease progression (graded according to the ...

Certifying 3d Glasses, Bret Andre

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

At home, school, the workplace, or the cinema—presentations of 3D content are increasingly integrating into our lives. Currently, the most widely available 3D systems require eyewear for viewing the 3D content; as a result, personal 3D eyewear products have become available to consumers. Various materials have been used to make circular polarized 3D lenses. These materials are selected based on performance and cost/price-point requirements. Considering the limited knowledge of ophthalmic lens design and materials amongst the general public, selecting over-the-counter 3D eyewear with effective performance and optical qualities is potentially a difficult task. Ineffective products could result in ...

Experiences And Preferences With Prescribed 3d Glasses, Shun-Nan Yang, Mijeong Kwon

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

Stereoscopic 3D viewing can be achieved by projecting images to the two eyes with shuttering and filtered polarization. One important difference between these two methods is that shutter glasses require a flat frontal surface whereas filtered polarizing glasses do not. They each pose different challenges to spectacle wearers who require both prescribed optical correction and 3D glasses to see 3D content. To investigate the effect of prescribed 3D glasses on viewing experiences, habitual spectacle wearers were recruited from Pacific University (n=45, age range 18-40), USA, and Eulji University (n=145, age 18-60), South Korea, to test two types of ...

Considerations In Validating A 3d Screening Program, John R. Hayes

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

This was a brief discussion on some basics in determining the effectiveness of a screening program. We discussed the definition of “truth” or the reference, the importance of a representative sample, and the meaning of the statistical measures of success. Specifically we discussed the importance of positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value rather than sensitivity and specificity in describing results. PPV is the probability of a person actually having a problem if the screening test is positive which is of primary interest to the clinician. Sensitivity is the measurement from the context of already knowing a person has a ...

Using S3d As A Vision Screening Tool, Yu-Chi Tai

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

No abstract provided.

What Do We Know About The Effects Of S3d On Learning?, Len Scrogan

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

In this session, Len Scrogan, an adjunct professor with the University of Colorado-Denver and past Director of Instructional Technology with the Boulder Valley School District, presented on three themes related to S3D in educational settings:

Content

Len demonstrated three types of S3D software currently used in schools: learning objects, video and animation shorts, and simple interactives (micro-simulations). He showed a taxonomy of six different types of S3D content for the education market and provided a list of currently available 3D educational content providers, citing a 350% growth in companies offering 3D educational content over the previous two and a half ...

Is S3d Viewing Safe For Children?, Maureen Powers

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

No abstract provided.

The 3d Vision Clinic: 6 Month Report, James Kundart

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Optometric Vision Therapy: Intervention Strategies For Improving The 3d Viewing Audience, Dominick M. Maino

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Vision Testing For The High Tech Viewer, Hannu Laukkanen, Yu-Chi Tai, Andrew Reder

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

No abstract provided.

What Eye Doctors Know About Visual Discomfort, James Sheedy

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

There are 2 types of eyestrain:

Internal symptoms

• Ache or pain felt inside the eye
• Caused by convergence and accommodative stress, refractive error
• Caused by eye conditions

External symptoms (dry eye symptoms)

• Dryness or irritation on the front of the eye
• Caused by conditions that compromise the quality of the visual stimulus

What Eye Doctors Know:

• Accommodative and/or vergence stress cause symptoms (internal)
• Exophoria is typically more comfortable than esophoria
• Convergence is much easier than divergence
• There is considerable variation in phoria and ZSCBV across patients

Conflict? What Conflict?, Peter Howarth

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

The dominant theory in the literature regarding the cause of the complaints people make about symptoms of ‘eyestrain’ or headache following the viewing of 3D stereoscopic images is that the so-called ‘accommodation convergence conflict’ is responsible.

This explanation is not universally accepted, however, and the empirical evidence is not compelling. In Shibata et al. (2011), for example, statistically-significant changes are seen in the control conditions, and the size of any effect reported is small.

An analysis of the stimulus leads one to question the basis of the theory, inasmuch as there is a difference in the stimulus provided by a ...

How The Eyes Work In Viewing S3d, James Sheedy

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

How to set the camera settings

• Primary camera settings
• Length of lens (e.g. 35, 50, 135 mm etc.
• Inter-axial (IA) distance
• Convergence angle
• Disparity budget
• A key underlying parameter is the disparity budget

Setting the cameras for S3D

• Early decisions that become a constant for remainder of the scene.
• Focal length of the lens
• Wide angle, normal, telephoto
• The far and near scene depths to capture

Next

• Determine the disparity budget %
• This establishes the IA setting
• Determine the CA

2 Primary Camera Settings

Inter-Axial (IA) distance

• Directly determined by chosen disparity budget
• Affects perceived depth: audience discomfort ratio

Convergence ...

Visually-Induced Motion Sensitivity (Vims), Peter Howarth

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

A number of potential causes of the complaints people make about symptoms of ‘eyestrain’ or headache following the viewing of 3D stereoscopic images have been identified. These include the so-called ‘accommodation convergence conflict’, the incorrect or unusual perspective within the images, and the clarity of focus of diplopic images.

An additional factor not yet evaluated in this context is the production of visually-induced motion sickness (VIMS) when an image produces vection (the feeling of self-motion brought about by the visual stimulus alone).

Experiments are described to demonstrate that:

• The direction of vection has an influence on the symptoms experienced
• When ...

What Is The Source Of Discomfort In 3d Viewing: Accomodation, Convergence, Or Immersion?, Shun-Nan Yang

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

About 15 to 20% of viewers experience increased discomfort after sustained viewing of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) movies. These symptoms unique to S3D viewing include visual (double vision, blurred vision) and motion sickness symptoms; little is understood about their underlying causes.

Based on our previous findings, here symptoms in S3D viewing are categorized as visual, ocular, motion sickness, physical, and cognitive. Reported evidence shows that all five types of symptom were heightened as the amount of image disparity (lateral spatial separation of corresponding images) was increased, indicating an underlying cause associated with image disparity. In addition, viewer’s perceived immersion increased ...

Viewer Symptoms And Preferences: Comparing 3d Tv Displays, Yu-Chi Tai, Leigh Gongaware

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Symptoms And Performance On Hand Held Displays, Shun-Nan Yang

6th Annual VPI Research Conference

When performing visually demanding tasks such as reading on a smartphone, users can incur excessive ocular stress because of small image size. Such stress is likely exacerbated by lower display resolution, improper ambient lighting, and less ideal subpixel arrangement that further degrade image appearance. Senior users (40 years and older) should be more affected by these factors because of their degraded accommodation ability. The present study evaluated effects of these smartphone properties on visual performance, discomfort, and preference of young and senior adult viewers.

To this end, young (age 18 to 30) and senior (age 40 to 65) adults performed ...