Anatomy Commons^™

Examination Of Osteoarthritis And Subchondral Bone Alterations Within The Stifle Joint Of An Ovariectomised Ovine Model., Jane C. Holland, Orlaith Brennan, O D. Kennedy, N J. Mahony, S Rackard, Fergal J. O'Brien, T Clive Lee

Anatomy Articles

The exact relationship between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis is still a matter for debate for many. The ovariectomised ewe is frequently used as a model for osteoporosis, resulting in significant alterations in bone morphometry and turnover in both trabecular and subchondral bone after 1 year. This study examines whether ovariectomy has any impact on development of osteoarthritis within the ovine stifle joint at the same time point. In addition, we investigate whether there are any significant correlations present between articular cartilage degeneration and alterations in microstructural parameters or turnover rates in the underlying bone. Twenty-two sheep were examined in this study ...

Is Uterine Artery Embolization (Uae) Safe And Effective For Treatment Of Uterine Fibroids?, Laura Davis, Bridgette Provost, José E. Rodríguez Md

Family Medicine and Rural Health Faculty Publications

Compared with hysterectomy or myomectomy, UAE for treating fibroids results in similar patient satisfaction. UAE is associated with fewer blood transfusions, shorter hospital stays, and quicker resumption of normal activities than surgical treatment. However, patients undergoing UAE are more likely to require further intervention at 2 and 5 years and are more likely to have minor complications than patients treated surgically (SOR: A, systematic review of RCTs).

Human Enteric Glial Cells Alleviate Damaged Adult Sensory Neurons In Rats, Dhara Shah, Cai Jiang, Kiran Reddy, Caixin Su, Shucui Jiang

The Meducator

Spinal cord injury affects millions across the globe. Little is known regarding the cellular mechanism of injury and, unfortunately, there are few viable treatment options. One potential option is the transplantation of peripheral nerves into the site of injury. The complicating factor is that the peripheral nervous system is not readily accessible, and thus the procedure introduces the risk of disrupting the function of other areas. However, this risk is minimized if the nerves are extracted from the enteric system, which is embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. This system bears similarities to the central nervous system, has ...

Tumour Heterogeneity And Treatment: One Step Forward Or Two Steps Back?, Branavan Manoranjan, Mohsin Ali

The Meducator

No abstract provided.

Conserved Structural Domains In Foxd4l1, A Neural Forkhead Box Transcription Factor, Are Required To Repress Or Activate Target Genes, Steven L. Klein, Karen M. Neilson, John Orban, Sergey Yaklichkin, Jennifer Hoffbauer, Kathy Mood, Ira O. Daar, Sally Ann Moody

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Flash4 Dark Reference Images, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Hamamatsu FLASH4.0 dark reference images, acquired with 10 second exposure times, no light to camera. Camera offset (set by Hamamatsu( is ~100 (the average intensity of the first image is always ~1 intensity level higher - an odd feature, but trivial in practice for a 16-bit camera).

George McNamara, Ph.D.

Single Cells Analyst at L.J.N. Cooper Lab

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Striatal Glutamate Release In L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinetic Animals, Nina Nevalainen, Martin Lundblad, Greg A. Gerhardt, Ingrid Strömberg

Anatomy and Neurobiology Faculty Publications

L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is a common side effect developed after chronic treatment with 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (l-DOPA) in Parkinson's disease. The biological mechanisms behind this side effect are not fully comprehended although involvement of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic systems has been suggested. The present study utilizes in vivo amperometry to investigate the impact from unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and l-DOPA (4 mg/kg, including benserazide 15 mg/kg) -induced dyskinetic behavior on striatal basal extracellular glutamate concentration and potassium-evoked glutamate release in urethane-anesthetized rats. Recordings were performed before and after local L-DOPA application in the striatum. In addition, effects from the 5-HT ...

Video Codec Performance (Excel Spreadsheet), George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Video codec performance (Excel spreadsheet). Movie was made in 2005-2006 when I worked at City of Hope National Medical Center. VTLF refers to Video Timelapse Light Facility. Videos were outputted from MetaMorph as AVI files. Personally, I always recommend uncompressed video files fro scientific uses. I also encourage posting the original scientific data format (ex. .lsm, .zvi, .lif, .stk).

Pubspectra Tattletales, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Tattletales for Multiplex Fluorescent Reporters in Single Cells for Metabolomics

George McNamara

Analytical Imaging Core Facility, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL

As of April 2013: L.J.N. Cooper & D.A. Lee Cellular Immunotherapy Lab, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX

Email: gmcnamara@med.miami.edu, geomcnamara@earthlink.net

Tattletales is my concept for spatial multiplexing many fluorescent protein (FP) biosensors in the same live cell. For example, there are excellent FP biosensors to Ca++ ions, pH, glucose, ribose, glutamine, glutamate, ATP, redox, ROS, pyruvate, cAMP, cGMP, IP3, PI(3,4,5)P3, cell cycle indicators (Fucci2), PKA, PKC, photsphatases, caspase(s) [1, 2]. However, these are typically used one biosensor per experiment, due in part to flooding the cell with soluble biosensor. That is, conventionally, either a metabolite (glucose) reporter or a signal transduction (Ca++) reporter can be imaged. By flooding the cell with the reporter, signal to noise ratio is compromized by autofluorescence.

Tattletales takes advantage of spatial multiplexing to both increase the number of different reporters, and improve signal to noise ratio by localizing each biosensor to a small volume. I started with the observation by Robinett et al [3] who localized 512 GFP-nls-LacI to a 256 LacO array as a 200 nm diameter diffraction limited spot (nuclear background due to overexpression). Many thousands of DNA binding proteins, of known sequence specifities, exist (LacI, TetR, GalR, etc for cell line studies; ZF-FPs, TALE-FPs to STRs, telomere repeat binding factors-FPs, etc for primary cells) and can be fused (as cDNAs) to different fluorescent proteins and FP biosensors.

Many biosensors are available as affinity series [1, 4], now enabling extended dynamic range. I realized that spatial multiplexing of many DNA binding protein-reporters by localizing to different spots in the cell nucleus and distinguished by combinatorial addressing, where N address colors ...

Sex Differences In Cell Death And Steroid Hormone Receptors In Cortical Explants, Amanda L. Trout

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Estrogens, such as the biologically active 17-b estradiol (E2) have many actions in the male and female brain. Not only does E2 regulate reproductive behavior in adults, it organizes and activates the brains of younger animals in a sex-specific manner. In addition, many human studies have shown E2 to provide protection against a variety of neurological disorders, including stoke. These studies have been controversial and depend largely on the type and timing of hormone replacement. Animal studies are much less controversial and clearly demonstrate a neuroprotective role for E2 following ischemic brain injury. Because much of E2 neuroprotection requires sex ...

Subchondral Osteopenia And Accelerated Bone Remodelling Post-Ovariectomy - A Possible Mechanism For Subchondral Microfractures In The Aetiology Of Spontaneous Osteonecrosis Of The Knee?, Jane C. Holland, Orlaith Brennan, Oran D. Kennedy, Susan M. Rackard, Fergal O'Brien, T Clive Lee

Anatomy Articles

Osteopenia and subchondral microfractures are implicated in the aetiology of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. The ovine tibia shows significant alterations of the trabecular architecture within the subchondral bone of the medial tibial plateau post-ovariectomy, including reduced trabecular bone volume fraction. We hypothesise that accelerated subchondral bone resorption may also play a role in increasing microfracture risk at this site. 23 sheep were examined in this study; 10 of the sheep underwent ovariectomy (OVX), while the remainder (n=13) were kept as controls (CON). Five fluorochrome dyes were administered intravenously at 12 week intervals via the jugular vein to both ...

Lung-Homing Of Endothelial Progenitor Cells And Angiogenesis In Asthma: Role Of Eosinophils, Nirooya Sivapalan

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Asthma involves a systemic element that includes the mobilization and lung-accumulation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). This traffic may be driven by the stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCR4 axis, where SDF1-α is a potent progenitor cell chemoattractant.

Interfering with EPC lung-accumulation by administering AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was previously shown to be associated with the modulation of airway angiogenesis and airway hyperresponsiveness. However, since eosinophils express CXCR4, it is unknown whether AMD3100 acted directly on EPC or indirectly through its anti-inflammatory effects on eosinophils.

We investigated the role that eosinophilic inflammation plays in the lung-homing of EPCs ...

Multimodal Imaging Of The Self-Regulating Developing Brain, Anders M. Fjell, Kristine Beate Walhovd, Timothy T. Brown, Joshua M. Kuperman, Yoonho Chung, Donald J. Hagler Jr., Vijay Venkatraman, J. Cooper Roddey, Matthew Erhart, Connor Mccabe, Natacha Akshoomoff, David G. Amaral, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Ondrej Libiger, Burcu F. Darst, Nicholas J. Schork, B. J. Casey, Linda Chang, Thomas M. Ernst, Jeffrey R. Gruen, Walter E. Kaufmann, Tal Kenet, Jean A. Frazier, Sarah S. Murray, Elizabeth R. Sowell, Peter Van Zijl, Stewart Mostofsky, Terry L. Jernigan, Anders Dale

Psychiatry Publications and Presentations

Self-regulation refers to the ability to control behavior, cognition, and emotions, and self-regulation failure is related to a range of neuropsychiatric problems. It is poorly understood how structural maturation of the brain brings about the gradual improvement in self-regulation during childhood. In a large-scale multicenter effort, 735 children (4-21 y) underwent structural MRI for quantification of cortical thickness and surface area and diffusion tensor imaging for quantification of the quality of major fiber connections. Brain development was related to a standardized measure of cognitive control (the flanker task from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox), a critical component of self-regulation ...

Temporal Changes In Bone Composition, Architecture, And Strength Following Estrogen Deficiency In Osteoporosis., Orlaith Brennan, Julia S. Kuliwaba, T Clive Lee, Ian H. Parkinson, Nicola L. Fazzalari, Laoise M. Mcnamara, Fergal J. O'Brien

Anatomy Articles

Using an ovariectomized (OVX) ovine model, we provide an analysis of the timing of changes in bone following estrogen deficiency. The expression of genes known to regulate osteoclastogenesis, matrix production, and mineralization, as measured by real-time RT-PCR, was significantly increased by 12 months; and increased expression was maintained through to 31 months post-OVX compared to controls. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that mineralized crystals were less mature than in controls 12 months post-OVX and were even less so by 31 months. The mineral-to-matrix ratio was significantly reduced by 31 months, while the ratio of mature to immature collagen cross-linking was initially increased ...

Distribution Of Microcrack Lengths In Bone In Vivo And In Vitro., Gerardo Presbitero, Fergal O'Brien, T Clive Lee, David Taylor

Anatomy Articles

It is well known that bone contains small cracks; in vivo these microcracks are constantly growing and being repaired. Too rapid crack growth leads to stress fractures or fragility fractures. In vitro, changes occur in this population of microcracks when subjected to cyclic loading up to and including failure. Normally, the only parameters reported from such investigations are the number density of cracks and their average length. In the present work we examined the microcrack population in more detail. We analysed ten different sets of experimental data including in vivo and in vitro microcracks, plus two theoretical simulations. We showed ...

We Are… Bridging Medicine And Science Vol. 1, Issue 2, Fall 2012, Marshall University Biomedical Sciences

We Are... Bridging Medicine Science

No abstract provided.

Halloween 2012 Jack O'Lanterns Trick Or Treat, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Halloween 2012 makes trick or treating more visual and interactive than in past years.

the download is a ZIP file containing three files.

Print out the (unnumbered) image on as large and nice printer paper as possible - I used glossy 44" wide here in Miami (University of Miami, MillerSchool of Medicine, Calder Library, Biomedical Communications dept - I also made another print on "fabric", also 44" wide to take with me to an HHMI Janelia Farm conference on 'turning images into knowledge' that ends on Oct 31 - might stay up for a second conference, "GFP..." that start Nov 4).

The other ...

Body Mapping With Geriatric Inpatients Receiving Daily Haemodialysis Therapy For End-Stage Renal Disease At Toronto Rehabilitation Institute: A Qualitative Study, Bryn A. Ludlow

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

The innovative research method of “body mapping” was used in this study with geriatric inpatients receiving daily hæmodialysis therapy for end-stage renal disease at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute.

Five people took part in this study; three participants completed all study phases. They created three body maps each and took part in one follow up, semi-structured interview to share their experiences of body mapping. Two themes were drawn from the data: (1) body mapping gives patients a voice to communicate their experiences in the dialysis unit; and (2) body mapping makes visible participants’ illness adjustment patterns, and levels of connection, or disconnection ...

Advanced Structural And Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Chronic Low Back Pa, Gavin Jones

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

An objective measure of muscular low back pain (LBP) symptoms eludes clinicians. This study assessed efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar multifidus using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal fractal dimension (FD) analysis and muscle cross sectional area (CSA) in LBP assessment. MRI results were compared to two questionnaires, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog score (VAS).

Right-left asymmetry in both DTI metrics and T2-weighted (T2W) CSA were greater in the injured. Also, asymmetry measures were correlated with body mass index (BMI) but not age, height, or level of physical activity ...

Mcnamara 20120831fri-20120904tue Cosmic Ray Particles By Ccd Imaging, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

McNamara 20120831Fri-20120904Tue Cosmic Ray Particles by CCD imaging.zip contains image files in support of a Microscopy Today article - please see

http://www.microscopy-today.com/