Sports Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of The Anterior Talofibular And Calcaneofibular Ligament In Relation To Supination Ankle Sprains, Peter Tran

Biomedical Eng/General Eng.

Ankle injuries have always posed an issue to a number of athletes. Sports that involve running and jumping accumulate about 25% of injuries correlating to ankle sprains. In most ankle sprains the inversion (supination) of the ankle cause damage to lateral ligaments. The two most common lateral ligaments to experience damage are the anterior talofibular (ATFL) and calcaneofibular (CFL) ligaments. The methods of taping and ankle braces have allowed athletes to prevent recurring sprains from occurring. However, sprains can still occur even when one or both methods are applied. The purpose of each method is to restrict the range of ...

Constraints Influencing Sports Wheelchair Propulsion Performance And Injury Risk, Emily Churton, Justin Keogh

Health Sciences & Medicine papers

The Paralympic Games are the pinnacle of sport for many athletes with a disability. A potential issue for many wheelchair athletes is how to train hard to maximise performance while also reducing the risk of injuries, particularly to the shoulder due to the accumulation of stress placed on this joint during activities of daily living, training and competition. The overall purpose of this narrative review was to use the constraints-led approach of dynamical systems theory to examine how various constraints acting upon the wheelchair-user interface may alter hand rim wheelchair performance during sporting activities, and to a lesser extent, their ...

Kinematic Analysis Of Hip And Knee Joints Between Barefoot And Shod Treadmill Running, Stephanie E. Lloyd

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Running shoes have recently been designed to mimic barefoot walking or running, and they are marketed with promises that runners will benefit from the effects of barefoot running. Studying gait analysis with particular running shoes is extremely important because the ankle and foot serve as the foundation of structural balance, support, and propulsion. In this study, the knee and hip joint motions will be addressed while wearing Vibram FiveFinger and Nike Free Run shoes, which are designed to imitate barefoot running while providing protection from the elements. The purpose of this current study was to investigate the movement kinematics in ...

Kinematic And Spatiotemporal Analysis Between Sprint Drills And Maximal Sprinting, Julianne Cappadona

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Purpose: To determine if any kinematic differences exist between two common sprint drills (A- and B-drills) and maximal sprinting. Methods: 12 collegiate sprinters (19.17±1.11 y/o) granted informed consent were filmed performing two 40-meter sprints, A-skips, and B-skips. Three-dimensional motion analysis tracked the coordinates of 24 reflective markers and resulting joint kinematics were computed. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that sprinting yielded a significantly lower maximum hip flexion (p=0.015) but a significantly higher minimum ankle angular velocity (p=0.012) and step rate (p=0.000) value than A-drills. When compared to B-drills, sprinting values were ...

Test-Retest Reliability And Responsiveness Of Gaze Stability And Dynamic Visual Acuity In High School And College Football Players, Denise Kaufman, Mallory Puckett, Mitchell Smith

UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish reliability and responsiveness of the active dynamic visual acuity test (DVAT) at speeds of 150 to 200 degrees per second (deg/sec) and the gaze stabilization test (GST) in high school and college football players.

Design: Reliability design

Setting, Participants, Main Outcome Measures: A total of 50 high school and college football athletes completed vestibulo-ocular reflex testing using the DVAT and GST in the yaw (horizontal) and pitch (vertical) planes on two separate occasions within 14 days.

Results: Test-retest reliability for the DVAT was good in yaw, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC ...

The Acute Effects Of Upper Extremity Stretching On Throwing Velocity In Untrained Baseball Throwers, Ashley Delobel, Lanisa Harveson, Jason Melton, Michael Williams

UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching of shoulder internal rotators on throwing velocity as compared to a typical dynamic warm-up.

Subjects: 27 male untrained throwers (mean age = 25.1 years old, SD =2.4) with basic knowledge of throwing mechanics.

Methods:The study was conducted over a series of three sessions with at least one week between each session. During each session, subjects warmed-up, threw 10 pitches, were randomly assigned to one of three separate stretching protocols, and then threw 10 more pitches.The three protocols were ...

Alterations In Visual Processing And Its Impact On Upright Postural Stability In Athletes Following Sport-Related Concussion, Andrea E. Cripps

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Athletes are at risk of sustaining a concussion in all sports and at all competitive levels which may lead to balance impairments. Balance results from the integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory information. The underlying pathophysiology for balance impairments is not well understood and visuo-motor processing impairments and how these impairments contribute to balance in concussed athletes has not been reported. Objectives: (1) to investigate the influence of visual perturbation on upright postural stability and balance in athletes who have recently suffered a sports-related concussion, (2) to establish the test-retest reliability of a simple visuo-motor processing task. Design: A longitudinal ...

Land-Based Exercise And Its Effect On Quality Of Life Outcomes In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review, Cody R. Buckner, Lindsay C. Martin, Michael L. Soukup

UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine effectiveness of land-based exercise interventions for improving quality of life (QOL) of individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: A systematic search included PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Inclusion criteria included land-based exercise interventions aimed to improve lower extremity strength and QOL, published since 2000. Exclusion criteria included OA of joints other than the knee, and aquatic-based and surgical interventions. Studies were evaluated using a modified version of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) methodology score.

Results: Level of ...

Energy Balance And Its Relationship To Disordered Eating, Injury, And Menstrual Dysfunction In Soccer Athletes, Emily Lynn Miller

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Purpose of the Research: The purpose of this study is to examine the causes of negative energy balance in male and female collegiate soccer players who do not exhibit disordered eating. The study also looked at the prevalence of complications associated with disordered eating, injury and menstrual dysfunction to determine if these would be present in the participants in a negative or positive energy balance regardless of disordered eating status. A questionnaire will examine participants’ disordered eating risk, and a food and activity diary will examine energy balance. A third questionnaire regarding injury and menstrual history will determine their prevalence ...

The Relationship Between Confidence And Performance Throughout A Competitive Season, Benjiman R. Skinner

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports

The importance of understanding how confidence varies across time has been encouraged by sport confidence researchers (Vealey & Chase, 2008). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between confidence and performance throughout an entire competitive season. Two levels of confidence consistent to team sports were analyzed. Team and coach confidence were collected through the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sport (CEQS) and Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES) respectively. Two teams, women’s soccer and volleyball (n=48) from a college in the western United States, completed their specific questionnaires five times throughout the season. The CEQS measured collective efficacy (team ...

Abuso De Derecho Y Fair Play En El Deporte, José Luis Pérez Triviño, Cesar R. Torres

Kinesiology, Sport Studies and Physical Education Faculty Publications

Este trabajo plantea una reflexión sobre un tema central en el deporte, el enjuiciamiento de aquellas jugadas en las que un jugador o equipo, amparándose en las normas del sistema normativo deportivo, obtiene ventaja de la buena fe del rival. Un ejemplo de este tipo de jugadas tuvo lugar recientemente en un partido entre el FC Shakhtar Donetz de Ukrania y el FC Nordsjaelland de Dinamarca, en el cual el jugador del equipo ucraniano Luiz Adriano se aprovechó de un saque neutral para marcar un gol. Curiosamente, el árbitro no anuló el gol, pero el órgano disciplinario de la UEFA ...

Defining Concussion And Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A History Of Confusion And Debate., Brenda Seymour

Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal

Although concussions were first described in ancient times by Hippocrates, the definition of concussion and what differentiates it from other head trauma has been debated throughout history. Since the 9th century, doctors such as Rhazes, Berengario da Carpi, and Doctor Read have further refined the definition and diagnosis of concussion, coming to the first neuropathologic descriptions of the term in the 17th century. Today, the debate continues over whether a concussion is defined as a physical blow to the head, or the abnormal symptoms following such trauma. Other terms such as Mild Traumatic Brain Injury have made their way into ...

Examing Academic-Athletic Support And Academic Success Of Student Athletes, Joshua Butterworth, Joe Rich

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

The Development And Evaluation Of A Testing Protocol To Assess Upper Body Pressing Strength Qualities In High Performance Athletes, Kieran Young

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an isometric force assessment (isometric bench press) across 4 standardised angles and an isoinertial force and velocity assessment (ballistic bench throw) utilising a relative load based on a percentage of one repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press; and to evaluate whether the use of the dynamic strength deficit (DSD) ratio can guide training and detect changes induced by training over a 5 week period.

METHODS: Twenty four elite male athletes (age = 19.9 ± 2.7yrs; mass = 79.1 ± 13.0kg) performed the isometric bench press and a ...

A Review Of Stretching Techniques And Their Effects On Exercise, Cassandra M. Bernhart

Senior Honors Papers

The role of flexibility in exercise performance is a widely debated topic in the exercise science field. In recent years, there has been a shift in the beliefs regarding traditional benefits and appropriate application of static stretching. Static stretching has previously been proposed to increase exercise performance and reduce the risk of injury, however recent research does not support this belief consistently and may even suggest conflicting viewpoints. Several types of stretching methods have also been promoted including proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, AIS, and dynamic, and ballistic stretching. The role of flexibility in exercise performance continues to be researched ...

External Factors And Athletic Performance, Kimberly D. Dahl

Senior Honors Papers

The science behind athletic performance has progressed significantly with the advancement of technology and research of sport. The current review examines further the effects of several external factors on athletic performance. Factors were deemed external if they involved either variables out of the athlete’s control or an athlete’s conscious decision. Addressing playing environment, voluntary consumption of alcohol, sleep, a variety of emotions, and team environment contributes to a better understanding of the wide variety of factors that may influence athletic performance. The conclusions reveal ways in which awareness of external factors may impact overall performance.

The Estimation Of Caloric Expenditure Using Three Triaxial Accelerometers, Tyrone Gene Ceaser

Doctoral Dissertations

Accelerometer-based activity monitors are commonly used to measure physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). Newly designed wrist and hip-worn triaxial accelerometers claim to accurately predict PAEE across a range of activities. Purpose: To determine if the Nike FuelBand (NFB), Fitbit (FB) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (AG) estimate PAEE in various activities. Methods: 21 healthy, college-aged adults wore a NFB on the right wrist, a FB on the left hip, and AG on the right hip, while performing 17 activities. AG data were analyzed using Freedson’s kcal regression equation. PAEE was measured using the Cosmed K4b² (K4). Repeated measures ANOVAs were ...

The Effects Of Static Stretching On Muscular Hypertrophy During A Resistance Training Program, Zachary A. Martin

Senior Honors Papers

Abstract

Studies have shown that static stretching right before physical activity can negatively affect performance. In regards to weight lifting, it has been shown that static stretching immediately prior to lifting can decrease the maximum amount of weight that can be lifted. This study was created in order to determine if static stretching immediately prior to weight lifting over the course of nine weeks would result in smaller gains in muscle size compared to those who did not static stretch immediately prior to lifting over the course of nine weeks.

Cancellation Of Scheduled Exercise And Its Influence On Consumption: Exercisers Vs. Sedentary Individuals, Kayla A. Lange

Antonian Scholars Honors Program

With the obesity epidemic on the rise an effort must be initiated to discover why dietary choices are made. Exercise cancellation in individuals who frequently exercise may cause a decrease in calories consumed. However, exercise cancellation in sedentary individuals may have opposite effect, increasing calories consumed. PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether the cancellation of regularly scheduled exercise affects an individual’s daily food consumption, particularly in individuals who exercise regularly compared to those who are sedentary. METHODS: Female college students (n=10) scheduled two morning exercise sessions of 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise. One session randomly ...

The Response Of Blood Lactate And Glucose In Type I Diabetes To A Single Bout Of Supramaximal Exercise With And Without Carbohydrate Ingestion, Craig Adam Lewin

Clinical Exercise Physiology Master's Theses

This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study closely examined the effects of carbohydrate supplementation before and throughout supramaximal exercise on blood glucose and blood lactate levels in active males between 18 and 35 years old with or without type 1 diabetes. 7 healthy males between 18 and 35 years old with IDDM (26.4±3.6 years) and 12 healthy males (29.2±3.1 years) between 18 and 35 years old without IDDM were asked to complete a baseline VO2max session, 2 self-report food and insulin logs, and two intervention sessions. Intervention sessions consisted of a 12 hour fast prior ...