Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

A Tri-Modality Comparison Of Volumetric Bone Measure Quantification Using 1.0 Tesla Peripheral Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography And High-Resolution-Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Images, Andy Kin On Wong

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

This comparative study of peripheral (p) QCT, high-resolution pQCT (hr-pQCT) and 1.0 Tesla pMRI technologies quantified short-term test-retest reproducibility, validity, one-year detection limit and clinical sensitivity of each modality’s derived bone measures. Select bone outcomes were evaluated from scans performed on Hamiltonian women above 50 years old and externally validated in a population-based cohort. In the local cohort (age: 74 ± 9 years and BMI 27.65 ± 5.74 kg/m²), Tb.Sp measured on pMRI, Ct.Th and vBMD from pQCT showed significant correlations (r²=0.52-0.85) with hr-pQCT, yielding slopes near unity. Bland-Altman analyses ...

Vibrational Spectroscopy: Disease Diagnostics And Beyond, Hugh Byrne, Kamila Ostrowska, Haq Nawaz, Jennifer Dorney, Aidan D. Meade, Franck Bonnier, Fiona Lyng

Books/Book Chapters

Summary

This chapter outlines some developments in the applications of vibrational spectroscopy for disease diagnostics and demonstrates how the applications of the spectroscopic techniques can be extended to the analysis and evaluation of disease aetiology and the mechanisms of interaction and the cellular and subcellular responses to, for example chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles. The primary emphasis is on Raman spectroscopy, although some examples are based on infrared absorption spectroscopy. The studies presented are chosen to illustrate how a range of multivariate analytical techniques can be employed to maximize the potential benefits of the complex spectral information obtained from tissue or ...

Neuroprotective Agents For Traumatic Brain Injury: Theoretical Therapy Or The Future Of Treatment?, Helen Genis

The Meducator

An increasing awareness of concussions in sports has led researchers to uncover that brain tissue damage is not instantaneous, but rather a delayed process following the initial injury. Recently, neuroprotective agents have been developed that will be administered after injury to reduce the effects of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). These agents include NMDA receptor antagonists that aim to interfere with excitotoxicity and reduce neuronal death. While these agents have improved learning and cognitive performance in animal models, their effects have not been as positive in clinical trials. Calpain inhibitors have also shown neuroprotective effects, and protect against axonal damage in ...

Direct Quantitative Analysis Of Biomarkers Using Mass Spectrometry, Morgan N. Mcluckey, Zheng Ouyang

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics describes a step in the medical treatment process where drugs can be monitored in a patient’s body on-site and in a timely fashion. Mass spectrometry (MS) can provide a quick, efficient, and highly accurate method of analysis of patient biofluids and tissues. Developing methods to bring this diagnostic mechanism to hospitals and clinics has the potential to improve patient care through, for example, personalized medicine. Our goal was to develop a way to effectively introduce internal standard (IS), a necessary chemical for the analytical process, to low-volume biofluid samples. Additionally, the effective direct quantitation of biomarkers ...

Short Term Sensory And Vascular Responses To Physical Agent Modalities And Exercise In Healthy Volunteers And Patients With Distal Radius Fracture., Shaguftha Shaik

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Currently, there is weak evidence on the effectiveness of different rehabilitation regimens following distal radius fracture (DRF). This thesis evaluated sensory and vascular effects of exercise, thermal and ultrasound interventions that can be used in the mobilization phase (cast removal) after DRF.

Methods

• This thesis includes 3 studies. The first study compared responses to Immersion in Cold water Evaluation (ICE) in the DRF and uninjured hands. Skin blood flow (Sbf), skin temperature (temp.) and sensory perception thresholds (sPT) at 2000Hz for A –beta fibres and at 5 Hz for C fibres were obtained before, immediately after ICE and 10 min ...

Catecholamine Regulated Protein 40 (Crp40): Clinical Implications In Parkinson’S Disease, Sarah E. Groleau Phd

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive cell death of the dopaminergic neurons of nigrostriatal pathway. Several causes have been implicated for PD via neurochemical research including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and protein misfolding, to list a few. The novel Catecholamine Regulated Protein 40 (CRP40) has certain dopaminergic and neuroprotective features that implicate its importance for PD research. Recent studies using post-mortem brain tissue of patients with PD found MOT-2/CRP40 depletion in the frontal cortex and substantia nigra. MOT-2/CRP40 reduction is also observed in striatal brain tissue samples from a hemi-lesioned preclinical animal model of PD. Most ...

Image Quality Of Energy-Dependent Approaches For X-Ray Angiography, Jesse Evan Tanguay

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is an x-ray-based imaging method widely used for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vascular disease. This technique uses subtraction of images acquired before and after injection of an iodinated contrast agent to generate iodine-specific images. While it is extremely successful at imaging structures that are near-stationary over a period of several seconds, motion artifacts can result in poor image quality with uncooperative patients and DSA is rarely used for coronary applications.

Alternative methods of generating iodine-specific images with reduced motion artifacts might exploit the energy-dependence of x-ray attenuation in a patient. This could be performed ...

Anesthetic Considerations For Robot-Assisted Gynecologic And Urology Surgery, Jeffrey S. Berger, Taghreed Alshaeri, Rayo Lukula, Paul Dangerfield

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Publications

Robotic surgery was first conceived by the United States military in the 1980s. It rapidly developed in both complexity and utility and, in the early 21st century, modern robotic surgery for gynecologic and urologic surgery gained approval in the United States. Today, an ever-increasing number and variety of surgical procedures enlist robotic-assistance.

Numerous anesthetic considerations for robotic surgery exist. A few of the most important aspects of conducting a safe anesthetic include: investigating the patient’s co-morbid conditions, realizing the risks associated with the robotic equipment, and positioning the patient with care.

This manuscript reviews the current literature on robotic-assisted ...

Complex Shoulder Instability: The Role Of The Latarjet Coracoid Transfer, Ryan Degen

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Recurrent anterior shoulder instability is a common clinical entity often requiring surgical stabilization. Recurrence rates following soft-tissue stabilization procedures are moderately high and have been attributed to associated bony defects of either the glenoid or humeral head. Complex shoulder instability, defined as instability associated with bony defects around the shoulder, is a challenging clinical problem. The Latarjet coracoid transfer has been proposed as a treatment option and its resultant stabilizing effects have been explored in this biomechanical cadaver-based study.

For both glenoid and humeral head defects, the Latarjet coracoid transfer adequately stabilized the shoulder, outperforming other procedures often utilized for ...

Dr. Joseph Warren, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

No abstract provided.

Measurement And Description Of Dynamics Required For In Vivo Surgical Robotics Via Kinematic Methods, Jacob G. Greenburg

Mechanical (and Materials) Engineering -- Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

With the goal of improved recovery times and reduced trauma to the patient there has been a substantial shift in the medical community’s demand for minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques. With the standardization of MIS becoming more commonplace in the medical field there are still many improvements that are desired. Traditional, manual methods of these surgeries require multiple incisions on the abdomen for the tools and instruments to be inserted. The more recent demand has been to localize the incisions into what is being referred to as a Laparoendoscopic Single-Site (LESS) surgery. Furthermore, the manual instruments that are commonly ...

Rapid Quantitative Pharmacodynamic Imaging By A Novel Method: Theory, Simulation Testing And Proof Of Principle, Kevin J. Black, Jonathan M. Koller, Brad D. Miller

Kevin J. Black, MD

Pharmacological challenge imaging has mapped, but rarely quantified, the sensitivity of a biological system to a given drug. We describe a novel method called rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging. This method combines pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling, repeated small doses of a challenge drug over a short time scale, and functional imaging to rapidly provide quantitative estimates of drug sensitivity including EC50 (the concentration of drug that produces half the maximum possible effect). We first test the method with simulated data, assuming a typical sigmoidal dose-response curve and assuming imperfect imaging that includes artifactual baseline signal drift and random error. With these few assumptions ...

Crime Scene Investigation: Tv Versus Reality, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

No abstract provided.

Teamwork, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

No abstract provided.

How Do You Get A Job In Forensic Science?, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

No abstract provided.

Other Applications Of Forensic Genetics, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

No abstract provided.

Dna-Prokids: Forensic Genetics And Human Trafficking, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

DNA - ProKids is a program jointly run by the Universidad de Granada (UGR) and the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC). The Goal of DNA - Prokids is to return trafficked individuals, specifically young people and children to their families in their home countries. The FBI estimates that there are more than 100,000 children and teens in the United States that are being trafficked in the sex trade.

Since Texas is a portal into the U.S. for Central and South America, the state government has been proactive in trying to address the problem. Part of the solution ...

Dr. Arthur Eisenberg, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

No abstract provided.

Dr. John Planz, University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth

Center for Human Identification Oral History Project

John V. Planz holds a B.S degree in Biology and Zoology (double major) from the State University of New York (Oswego, NY), a M.S. degree in behavioral ecology from Shippensburg University (Shippensburg, PA) and a Ph.D. in molecular evolutionary genetics and population genetics from the University of North Texas (Denton, TX). Dr. Planz studied as a postdoctoral fellow at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Section of Mammals (Pittsburgh, PA) in mammalian phylogenetic systematics. Dr. Planz entered the forensics field in 1993 at the Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences in Dallas, TX. He later served as the ...

Cancer Concepts: Cancer Treatment Drugs, Richard J. Homer

Cancer Concepts Textbook

Over eighty different compounds have been approved to treat cancer. Their mechanisms of action, effectiveness against specific cancers, and potential toxicity vary greatly. This chapter in the Cancer Concepts textbook will describe, in terms of mechanism of action, the most important classes of cytotoxic and targeted therapies as well as their most characteristic side effects and clinical uses. A table summarizing the classes of drugs and representative members of those classes is included at the end of the chapter. Rather than an encyclopedia, this will be a schematic diagram or roadmap to more detailed knowledge that you will acquire during ...