Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons^™

Humane Society International’S Global Campaign To End Animal Testing, Troy Seidle

Experimentation Collection

The Research & Toxicology Department of Humane Society International (HSI) operates a multifaceted and science-driven global programme aimed at ending the use of animals in toxicity testing and research. The key strategic objectives include: a) ending cosmetics animal testing worldwide, via the multinational Be Cruelty-Free campaign; b) achieving near-term reductions in animal testing requirements through revision of product sector regulations; and c) advancing humane science by exposing failing animal models of human disease and shifting science funding toward human biology-based research and testing tools fit for the 21st century. HSI was instrumental in ensuring the implementation of the March 2013 …

Prolonged Pain Research In Mice: Trends In Reference To The 3rs, Jonathan Balcombe, Hope Ferdowsian, Lauren Briese

Experimentation Collection

This literature review documents trends in the use of mice in prolonged pain research, defined herein as research that subjects mice to a source of pain for at least 14 days. The total amount of prolonged pain research on mice has increased dramatically in the past decade for the 3 pain categories examined: neuropathic, inflammatory, and chronic pain. There has also been a significant rise in the number of prolonged mouse pain studies as a proportion of all mouse studies and of all mouse pain studies. The use of transgenic mice has also risen significantly in prolonged pain research, though …

Gently Into The Good Night: Toward A Compassionate Response To End-Stage Illness, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

End-of-life decision making by health care providers must respect individual patient values. Indeed, these values must always be viewed as the baseline for developing and pursuing patient-centered palliative care for those with terminal illness. Co-ordinate with this fundamental bioethics principle is that of beneficence or, in other words, respect for conduct which benefits the dying patient by alleviating end-stage suffering — be it physical or existential. Compassion, charity, agape and/or just common sense, should be a part of setting normative standards and of legislative and judicial responses to the task of managing death. Aided by the principles of medical futility, …

Expanding Disease Definitions In Guidelines And Expert Panel Ties To Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Common Conditions In The United State, Ray Moynihan, Georga Cooke, Jenny Doust, Lisa Bero, Suzanne Hill, Paul Glasziou

Ray Moynihan

Financial ties between health professionals and industry may unduly influence professional judgments and some researchers have suggested that widening disease definitions may be one driver of over-diagnosis, bringing potentially unnecessary labeling and harm. We aimed to identify guidelines in which disease definitions were changed, to assess whether any proposed changes would increase the numbers of individuals considered to have the disease, whether potential harms of expanding disease definitions were investigated, and the extent of members' industry ties.

Bioethics Methods In The Ethical, Legal, And Social Implications Of The Human Genome Project Literature, Rebecca Walker, Clair Morrissey

Clair Morrissey

While bioethics as a field has concerned itself with methodological issues since the early years, there has been no systematic examination of how ethics is incorporated into research on the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) of the Human Genome Project. Yet ELSI research may bear a particular burden of investigating and substantiating its methods given public funding, an explicitly cross-disciplinary approach, and the perceived significance of adequate responsiveness to advances in genomics. We undertook a qualitative content analysis of a sample of ELSI publications appearing between 2003 and 2008 with the aim of better understanding the methods, aims, and …

Bioethics In Canada, Charles Weijer, Anthony Skelton, Samantha Brennan

Samantha Brennan

This comprehensive introduction to bioethical issues emphasizes Canadian policies, issues, and scholars. Using the human lifespan as an organizing narrative, Bioethics in Canada explores ethical theories through a diverse selection of readings discussing traditional and cutting-edge topics in the field.

Readership : Bioethics in Canada is a core text for bioethics courses, generally offered in second- or third-year through philosophy departments at Canadian universities.

http://www.oupcanada.com/catalog/9780195440157.html

The Bad Habit Of Bearing Children, H Theixos, S.B. Jamil

H Theixos

Procreation – the act of having and raising biological children – is generally not a life choice that is subject to moral scrutiny; there is a standing assumption that parents act morally when they bring or intend to bring new life into existence with the intent of fostering and nurturing the future child(ren). We argue that this assumption is not morally justifiable under present societal conditions, and basic tenets of moral decency obligate prospective parents, under certain defeasibility conditions, to prioritize adoption over procreation. We conclude that for the subset of prospective parents who are unaffected by the defeasibility conditions, …

The Notion Of Compassion And The Goals Of Medicine And Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Dr. Peter A. DePergola II

No abstract provided.

The Notion Of Compassion And The Goals Of Medicine And Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Peter A. DePergola II

No abstract provided.

No Room For Error: An Ethical Critique Of Organizational Systems For Patient Safety, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Peter A. DePergola II

No abstract provided.

The Ethical Principle Of Cooperation And Organizational Complicity In Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Peter A. DePergola II

No abstract provided.

Reverse Innovation From The Least Of Our Neighbors, M. Therese Lysaught

M. Therese Lysaught

No abstract provided.

No Room For Error: An Ethical Critique Of Organizational Systems For Patient Safety, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Peter DePergola

No abstract provided.

The Notion Of Compassion And The Goals Of Medicine And Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Peter DePergola

No abstract provided.

The Notion Of Compassion And The Goals Of Medicine And Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Peter DePergola

No abstract provided.

The Ethical Principle Of Cooperation And Organizational Complicity In Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Peter DePergola

No abstract provided.

The Ottawa Statement On The Ethical Design And Conduct Of Cluster Randomized Trials, Charles Weijer, Jeremy Grimshaw, Martin Eccles, Andrew Mcrae, Angela White, Jamie Brehaut, Monica Taljaard

Charles Weijer

In cluster randomized trials (CRTs), the units of allocation, intervention, and outcome measurement may differ within a single trial. As a result of the unique design of CRTs, the interpretation of existing research ethics guidelines is complicated.

The Ottawa Statement on the Ethical Design and Conduct of Cluster Randomized Trials aims to provide researchers and research ethics committees (RECs) with detailed guidance on the ethical design, conduct, and review of CRTs.

A five-year mixed methods research project explored the ethical challenges of CRTs. Empirical studies documented the reporting of ethical issues in published CRTs, interviewed experienced trialists, and surveyed trialists …

The Moral Status Of Invasive Animal Research, Bernard E. Rollin

Experimentation Collection

No abstract provided.

Democracia E Biotecnologia: Argumentos Para A Construção De Um Discurso Pautado Na Agência Humana Como Vetor Transformador Da Realidade, Carolina Altoé Velasco

Carolina Altoé Velasco

O artigo objetiva demonstrar que os processos biotecnológico e democrático têm em comum a interferência da agência humana como vetor transformador de suas realidades. Utiliza-se como marco teórico-metodológico as obras de Guillermo O’Donnell e Adela Cortina. Guillermo O’Donnell reconhece o impacto motivado pela tecnologia e globalização na sociedade e a agência humana como fomentadora do processo democrático. Já Adela Cortina considera a pessoa (contemplada por sujeito autônomo e solidário) a medida da democracia e esta como forma de vida. A eleição de Cortina para travar um diálogo com o pensamento de O’Donnell se dá em razão da abordagem feita a …

Tuskegee Redux: Evolution Of Legal Mandates For Human Experimentation, Robert S. Levine, Jamila C. Williams, Barbara A. Kilbourne, Paul D. Juarez

Sociology Faculty Research

Human health experiments systematically expose people to conditions beyond the boundaries of medical evidence. Such experiments have included legal-medical collaboration, exemplified in the U.S. by the Public Health Service (PHS) Syphilis Study (Tuskegee). That medical experiment was legal, conforming to segregationist protocols and specific legislative authorization which excluded a selected group of African Americans from any medical protection from syphilis. Subsequent corrective action outlawed unethical medical experiments but did not address other forms of collaboration, including PHS submission to laws which may have placed African American women at increased risk from AIDS and breast cancer. Today, anti-lobbying law makes it …