A Bioethics Timeline, 2013 Cedarville University
Psychologists And Medications In The Era Of Interprofessional Care: Collaboration Is Less Problematic And Costly Than Prescribing, 2013 University of Minnesota Medical School
Psychologists And Medications In The Era Of Interprofessional Care: Collaboration Is Less Problematic And Costly Than Prescribing, William N. Robiner, Tim R. Tumlin, Tanya Tompkins
Faculty Publications
Increasing emphasis on interprofessionalism and teamwork in healthcare renders psychologists’ collaborations critical and invites reexamination of psychologists’ roles related to medications. The Collaboration Level outlined by the APA’s Ad Hoc Task Force is more achievable and in synch with health reform than prescription privileges (RxP). RxP remains controversial due to training and safety concerns, lacking support from health professionals, psychologists, and consumers. Differences in educational preparation of psychologists relative to prescribing professionals are discussed. Enactment of only three of 170 RxP initiatives reveals RxP to be a costly, ineffectual agenda. Alternatives (e.g., integrated care, collaboration, telehealth) increase access without risks …
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Winter 2013, 2013 University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Winter 2013
Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Food For Thought … Mechanistic Validation, 2013 Johns Hopkins University
Food For Thought … Mechanistic Validation, Thomas Hartung, Sebastian Hoffman, Martin Stephens
Experimentation Collection
Validation of new approaches in regulatory toxicology is commonly defined as the independent assessment of the reproducibility and relevance (the scientific basis and predictive capacity) of a test for a particular purpose. In large ring trials, the emphasis to date has been mainly on reproducibility and predictive capacity (comparison to the traditional test) with less attention given to the scientific or mechanistic basis. Assessing predictive capacity is difficult for novel approaches (which are based on mechanism), such as pathways of toxicity or the complex networks within the organism (systems toxicology). This is highly relevant for implementing Toxicology for the 21st …
A Vision Becoming Reality, 2013 Animal Studies Repository
A Vision Becoming Reality, Gill Langley
Laboratory Experiments Collection
Non-animal science in toxicology and health research has been progressing for decades, but only now is it being seen widely as advanced science. The emergence of novel human biology-based tools and models, combined with legislative and regulatory change, a 21st century concept for toxicology, continuing failures in the drug pipeline, and systematic critiques of animal models, have created a pivotal moment of change. The leading edge is starting to become the norm. Humans and other animals are likely to benefit as a result.
History Of The 3rs In Toxicity Testing: From Russell And Burch To 21st Century Toxicology, 2013 Johns Hopkins University
History Of The 3rs In Toxicity Testing: From Russell And Burch To 21st Century Toxicology, Martin L. Stephens, Nina S. Mak
Humane Science Movement Collection
Toxicity testing is a key part of the process of assessing the hazards, safety, or risk that chemicals and other substances pose to humans, animals, or the environment. Standardized methods for such testing, typically involving animals, began to emerge during the first half of the 20th century. In 1959, British scientists William Russell and Rex Burch proposed a framework for reducing, refining, or replacing animal use in toxicology and other forms of biomedical experimentation. This “3Rs” or “alternatives” approach emerged at a time of growing sensitivity to the use of animals in experimentation, and progress in its implementation has been …
A Distinction Without A Moral Difference? An Essay On The Difference Between Palliative Sedation And Physician-Assisted Death, 2013 Wayne State University
A Distinction Without A Moral Difference? An Essay On The Difference Between Palliative Sedation And Physician-Assisted Death, Patrick T. Smith
Wayne State University Dissertations
Professionals engaged in palliative care have a responsibility to treat their patients by aggressively managing pain and certain kinds of suffering within legal and professional ethical boundaries. Many medical professionals and ethicists, rightly or wrongly, have considered the practices of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, which can be categorized as instances of physician-assisted death (PAD), to be beyond the scope of ethically appropriate health care. Many of these same individuals who oppose PAD, and the professional organizations they sometimes represent, often embrace, at the same time, the practice of palliative/terminal sedation at the end of life. Palliative sedation is thought to …
Could You Repeat That Please? Forty-Five Years Of Testing Pesticides On People, 2013 SelectedWorks
Could You Repeat That Please? Forty-Five Years Of Testing Pesticides On People, Barbara R. Leiterman Esq.
Barbara R. Leiterman Esq.
Little has been published in the literature about pesticide experiments conducted on human subjects. Yet there were at least twenty-two tests between 1967 and 2011 in which people were intentionally exposed to specific doses of pesticides. Almost all of these experiments violated scientific ethics and human rights. This article aims to describe those tests and their shortcomings, and explore the laws and regulations that incentivize such human experimentation. Ironically, as the public desire for pesticide safety increases, so does the industry’s motivation to test pesticides on people. Bringing these pesticide experiments to light, expanding the public discourse on the subject …
Evolving Legal Responses To Dependence On Families In New Zealand And Singapore Healthcare, 2013 National University of singapore
Evolving Legal Responses To Dependence On Families In New Zealand And Singapore Healthcare, Tracey E. Chan, Nicola Peart, Jacqueline Chin
Tracey E Chan
Healthcare decision-making has traditionally focused on individual autonomy, but there is now a change occurring in which the involvement of families is gaining prominence. This appears to stem from an increasing emphasis on relational aspects of autonomy which recognises the individual’s connectedness to their family, and also state reliance upon families to share the burdens and costs of caring for elderly and disabled dependents. Such a reorientation calls for similar legal emphasis on patient autonomy as understood in relational terms, and one that offers more adequate conceptions of independence, confidentiality, and decision-making authority in the light of this change. This …
The Duty To Rescue In Genomic Research, 2013 University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
The Duty To Rescue In Genomic Research, Michael Ulrich
Student Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
George P. Smith, Ii's Law And Bioethics - Intersections Along The Mortal Ciol, 2013 Maurer School of Law: Indiana University
George P. Smith, Ii's Law And Bioethics - Intersections Along The Mortal Ciol, Michael Donald Kirby The Honourable
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
No abstract provided.
Acute Lung Injury And Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Requiring Tracheal Intubation And Mechanical Ventilation In The Intensive Care Unit: Impact On Managing Uncertainty For Patient-Centered Communication, 2013 Grand Valley State University
Acute Lung Injury And Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Requiring Tracheal Intubation And Mechanical Ventilation In The Intensive Care Unit: Impact On Managing Uncertainty For Patient-Centered Communication, Robert F. Johnson Jr., Jillian Gustin
Peer Reviewed Articles
A 56 year-old male presented with symptoms of pneumonia and findings consistent with acute lung injury (ALI). Deterioration of respiratory function occurred over the first 24 hours of hospitalization leading to placement in an intensive care unit (ICU) followed by tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (ETMV). At that time criteria defining acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were present. The palliative medicine service was asked to address concerns expressed by the patient’s spouse reflecting uncertainty regarding outcome expectations.
When interacting with families of incapacitated critically ill patients, clinicians are advised to employ a patient-centered communication process to alleviate family distress and …
A Short History Of Eugenics Thought And Practice, 2013 Cedarville University
A Short History Of Eugenics Thought And Practice, Dennis M. Sullivan
Bioethics Resources
No abstract provided.
Enhancing Communication Between Scientists, Government Officials, And The Lay Public: Advancing Science And Protecting The Public's Welfare Through Better Multi-Stakeholder Interfacing, 2013 University of Maryland Center for Health and Homeland Security
Enhancing Communication Between Scientists, Government Officials, And The Lay Public: Advancing Science And Protecting The Public's Welfare Through Better Multi-Stakeholder Interfacing, Clark J. Lee, Patrick P. Rose, Earl Stoddard Iii
Homeland Security Publications
No abstract provided.
Introduction, 2013 Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Elder Law Clinic at New York Law School
Death Panels And The Rhetoric Of Rationing, 2013 University of Georgia Main Campus
Death Panels And The Rhetoric Of Rationing, Elizabeth Weeks Leonard
Scholarly Works
This essay offers an explanation for the United States' continued resistance to universal health care as grounded in two taboos: taxation and rationing. Even we were willing to pay more in taxes to directly subsidize the cost of medical care for those in need, rather than our current system of indirect subsidization through private insurance risk-pooling and cost-shifting, we still would face the unavoidable reality of resource limitations. Attempts to limit resource consumption, however, have been strongly opposed, as evidenced by the "death panels" controversy. Governor Palin's grossly erroneous characterization of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) rendered …
Astrue V. Capato: Forcing A Shoe That Doesn't Fit, 2013 University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Astrue V. Capato: Forcing A Shoe That Doesn't Fit, Courtney Hannon
Journal of Health Care Law and Policy
No abstract provided.
In Memoriam: Edmund D. Pellegrino, 2013 The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law
In Memoriam: Edmund D. Pellegrino, George P. Smith Ii
Scholarly Articles
No abstract provided.
Applying Bioethics In The 21st Century: Principlism Or Situationism?, 2013 The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law
Applying Bioethics In The 21st Century: Principlism Or Situationism?, George P. Smith Ii
Scholarly Articles
After an examination of the four cardinal bioethical principles which define Principlism — autonomy, beneficence, non maleficence and justice — an explication of Joseph Fletcher’s theory of Situationism is undertaken.
The conclusion of this Article is that when an ethical dilemma arises and is “tested” as to its moral efficacy, rather than judge the acts in question in order to determine whether they are in conformance with one of the four bioethical principles, it is more humane and practical to determine the ethical propriety of questioned conduct by use of a situation ethic which in fact is more sensitive. This …
Humane Society International’S Global Campaign To End Animal Testing, 2013 Humane Society International
Humane Society International’S Global Campaign To End Animal Testing, Troy Seidle
Experimentation Collection
The Research & Toxicology Department of Humane Society International (HSI) operates a multifaceted and science-driven global programme aimed at ending the use of animals in toxicity testing and research. The key strategic objectives include: a) ending cosmetics animal testing worldwide, via the multinational Be Cruelty-Free campaign; b) achieving near-term reductions in animal testing requirements through revision of product sector regulations; and c) advancing humane science by exposing failing animal models of human disease and shifting science funding toward human biology-based research and testing tools fit for the 21st century. HSI was instrumental in ensuring the implementation of the March 2013 …