Entomology Commons^™

Land Use In The Northern Great Plains Region Of The U.S. Influences The Survival And Productivity Of Honey Bee Colonies, Matthew D. Smart, Jeff S. Pettis, Ned Euliss, Marla S. Spivak

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The Northern Great Plains region of the US annually hosts a large portion of commercially managed U.S. honey bee colonies each summer. Changing land use patterns over the last several decades have contributed to declines in the availability of bee forage across the region, and the future sustainability of the region to support honey bee colonies is unclear. We examined the influence of varying land use on the survivorship and productivity of honey bee colonies located in six apiaries within the Northern Great Plains state of North Dakota, an area of intensive agriculture and high density of beekeeping operations. Land …

Linking Measures Of Colony And Individual Honey Bee Health To Survival Among Apiaries Exposed To Varying Agricultural Land Use, Matthew D. Smart, Jeff Pettis, Nathan Rice, Zac Browning, Marla Spivak

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We previously characterized and quantified the influence of land use on survival and productivity of colonies positioned in six apiaries and found that colonies in apiaries surrounded by more land in uncultivated forage experienced greater annual survival, and generally more honey production. Here, detailed metrics of honey bee health were assessed over three years in colonies positioned in the same six apiaries. The colonies were located in North Dakota during the summer months and were transported to California for almond pollination every winter. Our aim was to identify relationships among measures of colony and individual bee health that impacted and …

Incidence Of Spodoptera Litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) And Its Feeding Potential On Various Citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) Cultivars In The Sargodha Region Of Pakistan, Muhammad Ullah, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Afzal, Samina Khalid, Muqadas Saleem, Irfan Mustafa, Yasir Iftikhar, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adversely affects important crops such as cotton, okra, tomato, potato, and pumpkin. For the first time, this species was observed in a citrus nursery in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan. The principal objectives of this study were to determine the effects of several citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) cultivars, including Citrus reticulata Blanco (Feutrell’s Early, Seedless Kinnow, and Fairchild mandarin orange) and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (grapefruit), on feeding by S. litura, and the effects of these plants on the growth of the insect. Based on performance of 3rd instars, Feutrell’s Early and Seedless Kinnow supported maximum …

Ecology And Management Of Pemphigus Betae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) In Sugar Beet, Rudolph J. Pretorius, Gary L. Hein, Jeff Bradshaw

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Pemphigus betae Doane (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a sporadic pest of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris) in all major sugar beet production regions of North America. These oval-shaped, pale-yellowish insects, with a body length ranging from 1.9–2.4mm, secrete a waxy material, giving their subterranean colonies a moldy appearance. Poplars in the genus Populus L. are the preferred primary hosts, while sugar beet and certain weed species, such as common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.)), are among the secondary hosts. Pemphigus betae has a complex and varied life cycle and is usually …

Introgression Of Chromosome Segments From Multiple Alien Species In Wheat Breeding Lines With Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Resistance, N. Ali, J. S. Heslop-Harrison, H. Ahmad, R. A. Graybosch, Gary L. Hein, T. Schwarzacher

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Pyramiding of alien-derived Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) resistance and resistance enhancing genes in wheat is a costeffective and environmentally safe strategy for disease control. PCR-based markers and cytogenetic analysis with genomic in situ hybridisation were applied to identify alien chromatin in four genetically diverse populations of wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines incorporating chromosome segments from Thinopyrum intermedium and Secale cereale (rye). Out of 20 experimental lines, 10 carried Th. intermedium chromatin as T4DL*4Ai#2S translocations, while, unexpectedly, 7 lines were positive for alien chromatin (Th. intermedium or rye) on chromosome 1B. The newly described rye 1RS chromatin, transmitted …

Honey Bee Gut Microbiome Is Altered By In-Hive Pesticide Exposures, Madhavi L. Kakumanu, Alison M. Reeves, Troy D. Anderson, Richard R. Rodrigues, Mark A. Williams

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Honey bees (Apismellifera) are the primary pollinators of major horticultural crops. Over the last few decades, a substantial decline in honey bees and their colonies have been reported. While a plethora of factors could contribute to the putative decline, pathogens, and pesticides are common concerns that draw attention. In addition to potential direct effects on honey bees, indirect pesticide effects could include alteration of essential gut microbial communities and symbionts that are important to honey bee health (e.g.,immunesystem). The primary objective of this study was to determine the microbiome associated with honey bees exposed to commonly used in-hive …

Effects Of Pesticide Treatments On Nutrient Levels In Worker Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera), Haley K. Feazel-Orr, Katelyn M. Catalfamo, Carlyle C. Brewster, Richard D. Fell, Troy D. Anderson, Breanna E. Traver

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Honey bee colony loss continues to be an issue and no factor has been singled out as to the cause. In this study, we sought to determine whether two beekeeper-applied pesticide products, tau-fluvalinate and Fumagilin-B, and one agrochemical, chlorothalonil, impact the nutrient levels in honey bee workers in a natural colony environment. Treatments were performed in-hive and at three different periods (fall, spring, and summer) over the course of one year. Bees were sampled both at pre-treatment and two and four weeks post-treatment, weighed, and their protein and carbohydrate levels were determined using BCA and anthrone based biochemical assays, respectively. …

Effects From Early Planting Of Late-Maturing Sunflowers On Damage From Primary Insect Pests In The United States, J. R. Prasifka, L. F. Marek, D. K. Lee, S. B. Thapa, V. Hahn, J. D. Bradshaw

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Delayed planting is recommended to reduce damage from sunflower insect pests in the United States, including the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) and banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham. However, in some locations, planting earlier or growing later-maturing hybrids could improve yield or oil content of sunflowers which would partially offset any added costs from insect pests or their management. Because the abundance and distribution of some sunflower insects have changed since recommendations for delayed planting were developed, experimental plots were grown in 2012 and 2013 at sites in North Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. Sunflowers were planted two to …

Identification Of An Orthologous Clade Of Peroxidases That Respond To Feeding By Greenbugs (Schizaphis Graminum) In C4 Grasses, Erin D. Scully, Teresa Donze-Reiner, Haichuan Wang, Thomas Eickhoff, Fred Baxendale, Paul Twigg, Frank Kovacs, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Scott E. Sattler, Gautam Sarath

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of specific peroxidases that respond to aphid herbivory is limited in C₄ grasses, but could provide targets for improving defence against these pests. A sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) peroxidase (SbPrx-1; Sobic.002G416700) has been previously linked to biotic stress responses, and was the starting point for this study. Genomic analyses indicated that SbPrx-1 was part of a clade of five closely related peroxidase genes occurring within a ~30 kb region on chromosome 2 of the sorghum genome. Comparison of this ~30-kb region to syntenic regions in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and foxtail millet (Setaria …

Tolerance Of Ks-4202 Soybean To The Attack Of Bemisia Tabaci Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Patrícia L. Cruz, Edson L.L. Baldin, Leysimar R.P. Guimarães, Luiz E.R. Pannuti, Giuseppina P.P. Lima, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Thomas E. Hunt

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is considered one of the most important pests of soybean, Glycine max L. (Merrill) (Fabaceae), in Brazil and worldwide. Although chemical control still represents the principal strategy used to control this insect, less aggressive strategies such as the use of resistant genotypes stand out as potentially efficient alternatives for integrated pest management programs. This study aimed to evaluate the possible occurrence of tolerance to B. tabaci biotype B in the ‘KS-4202’ soybean genotype, which is already recognized as tolerant to Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United States. The ‘Conquista’ Brazilian cultivar …

Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 And Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage Of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance To Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus And Triticum Mosaic Virus In Wheat, Satyanarayana Tatineni, E. N. Wosula, Melissa S. Bartels, Gary L. Hein, Robert A. Graybosch

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viral pathogens of wheat. Wheat cvs.Mace, carrying the Wsm1 gene, is resistant toWSMV and TriMV, and Snowmass, with Wsm2, is resistant to WSMV. Viral resistance in both cultivars is temperature sensitive and is effective at 18˚C or below but not at higher temperatures. The underlying mechanisms of viral resistance of Wsm1 and Wsm2, nonallelic single dominant genes, are not known. In this study, we found that fluorescent protein–tagged WSMV and TriMV elicited foci that were approximately similar in number and size at 18 and 24˚C, …

Biology And Economics Of Recommendations For Insecticide-Based Management Of Soybean Aphid, Robert L. Koch, Bruce D. Potter, Phillip A. Glogoza, Erin W. Hodgson, Christian H. Krupke, John F. Tooker, Christina D. Difonzo, Andrew P. Michel, Kelley J. Tilmon, Travis J. Prochaska, Janet J. Knodel, Robert Wright, Thomas E. Hunt, Bryan Jensen, Adam J. Varenhorst, Brian P. Mccornack, Kelly A. Estes, Joseph L. Spencer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, remains the key insect pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in the north-central United States. Management of this pest has relied primarily on scouting and application of foliar insecticides based on an economic threshold (ET) of 250 aphids per plant. This review explains why this ET remains valid for soybean aphid management, despite changes in crop value and input costs. In particular, we review how soybean aphid impacts soybean yield, the role of biology and economics in recommendations for soybean aphid management, and the short- and long-term consequences of inappropriately timed insecticide applications.

Host Utilization Of Tbe Endoparasitoid, Cotesia Glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Different Instars Of Pieris Brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), M. I. Ullah, Muhammad Arshad, S. Ali, Yasir Iftikhar, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a destructive pest of brassicaceous plants around the world. Biological control of this pest has attained much attention being environment friendly. Parasitism rate and growth of the endoparasitoid species, Cotesia giomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was studied on first (L I) and second (L2) larval instars of P. brassicae. Adult fresh mass and developmental time ofthe parasitoid was higher when it parasitized Ll than L2 of host larvae. Thus, host instars contributed significant variations to parasitoids adult mass accumulation during their development. Parasitized host caterpillars in L2 grew significantly larger than in L …

Developing An In Vivo Toxicity Assay For Rnai Risk Assessment In Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L, Ana María Vélez, Jessica Jurzenski, Natalie Matz, Xuguo Zhou, Haichuan Wang, Marion D. Ellis, Blair Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Maize plants expressing dsRNA for the management of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera are likely to be commercially available by the end of this decade. Honey bees, Apis mellifera, can potentially be exposed to pollen from transformed maize expressing dsRNA. Consequently, evaluation of the biological impacts of RNAi in honey bees is a fundamental component for ecological risk assessment. The insecticidal activity of a known lethal dsRNA target for D. v. virgifera, the vATPase subunit A, was evaluated in larval and adult honey bees. Activity of both D. v. virgifera (Dvv)- and A. mellifera (Am)-specific dsRNA was tested by dietary …

A New Species Of Ancognatha Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) From Peru, With Distributions Of Peruvian Ancognatha Species, Luis Figueroa, Brett Ratcliffe

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A new species of Peruvian Ancognatha Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) is described. A description, diagnosis, distribution, and illustrations of the new species are provided. Locality records and distribution maps for Ancognatha species occurring in Peru are given.

Se describe una nueva especie peruana de Ancognatha Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini). Se proporciona una descripción, diagnóstico, distribución e ilustraciones de la nueva especie. Se proveen localidades de captura y mapas de distribución para las especies de Ancognatha registradas en Perú.

Assessment Of Potential Risks Of Dietary Rnai To A Soil Micro-Arthropod, Sinella Curviseta Brook (Collembola: Entomobryidae), Huipeng Pan, Linghua Xu, Jeffrey E. Noland, Hu Li, Blair D. Siegfried, Xuguo Zhou

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

RNAi-based genetically engineered (GE) crops for the management of insect pests are likely to be commercialized by the end of this decade. Without a workable framework for conducting the ecological risk assessment (ERA) and a standardized ERA protocol, however, the utility of RNAi transgenic crops in pest management remains uncertain. The overall goal of this study is to assess the risks of RNAi-based GE crops on a non-target soil micro-arthropod, Sinella curviseta, which could be exposed to plantprotected dsRNAs deposited in crop residues. Based on the preliminary research, we hypothesized that insecticidal dsRNAs targeting at the western corn rootworm, …

Host Utilization Of The Endoparasitoid, Cotesia Glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Different Instars Of Pierls Brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), M. I. Ullah, Muhammad Arshad, S. Ali, Yasir Iftikhar, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a destructive pest of brassicaceous plants around the world. Biological control of this pest has attained much attention being environment friendly. Parasitism rate and growth of the endoparasitoid species, Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was studied on first (L 1) and second (L2) larval instars of P. brassicae. Adult fresh mass and developmental time of the parasitoid was higher when it parasitized L1 than L2 of host larvae. Thus, host instars contributed significant variations to parasitoids adult mass accumulation during their development. Parasitized host caterpillars in L2 grew significantly larger than in L1 …

Amblypygids: Model Organisms For The Study Of Arthropod Navigation Mechanisms In Complex Environments?, Daniel D. Wiegmann, Eileen A. Hebets, Wulfila Gronenberg, Jacob M. Graving, Verner P. Bingman

Eileen Hebets Publications

Navigation is an ideal behavioral model for the study of sensory system integration and the neural substrates associated with complex behavior. For this broader purpose, however, it may be profitable to develop new model systems that are both tractable and sufficiently complex to ensure that information derived from a single sensory modality and path integration are inadequate to locate a goal. Here, we discuss some recent discoveries related to navigation by amblypygids, nocturnal arachnids that inhabit the tropics and sub-tropics. Nocturnal displacement experiments under the cover of a tropical rainforest reveal that these animals possess navigational abilities that are reminiscent, …

Evaluating Categories Of Resistance In Soybean Genotypes From The United States And Brazil To Aphis Glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Edison L. L. Baldin, Lia Marchi-Werle, Luiz E.R. Pannuti, Andre L. Lourencao, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss, Thomas E. Hunt

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the soybean aphid, has become an important pest of soybeans, leading to significant yield losses in the United States. Host plant resistance is a viable alternative for managing A. glycines. The objectives of this study were to identify and categorize sources of resistance in soybean to A. glycines on genotypes from the United States and Brazil. An antixenosis assay was initially conducted with 8 genotypes to evaluate attractiveness to A. glycines. The selected soybean genotypes were further evaluated in a colonization assay to investigate the resistance of the genotypes at V1 (fully developed …

Drosophila Suzukii Infestation In Ripe And Ripening Caneberries, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Hannah Burrack

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a highly invasive vinegar fly that was first detected in the continental United States in 2008. Females use their saw-like ovipositor to lay eggs in soft-skinned fruits and severely threaten the viability of raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, and strawberry production. In a recent study, females in no-choice laboratory bioassays laid eggs in ripening blueberries and blackberries. However, most of the eggs failed to develop, perhaps because the ripening process was interrupted in the prematurely-harvested fruit. We hypothesized that eggs laid in ripening fruit in a field may be able to complete development as the fruit continues …