Evaluating Categories Of Resistance In Soybean Genotypes
From The United States And Brazil To Aphis Glycines
(Hemiptera: Aphididae),
2016
São Paulo State University
Evaluating Categories Of Resistance In Soybean Genotypes From The United States And Brazil To Aphis Glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Edison L. L. Baldin, Lia Marchi-Werle, Luiz E.R. Pannuti, Andre L. Lourencao, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss, Thomas E. Hunt
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the soybean aphid, has become an important pest of soybeans, leading to significant yield losses in the United States. Host plant resistance is a viable alternative for managing A. glycines. The objectives of this study were to identify and categorize sources of resistance in soybean to A. glycines on genotypes from the United States and Brazil. An antixenosis assay was initially conducted with 8 genotypes to evaluate attractiveness to A. glycines. The selected soybean genotypes were further evaluated in a colonization assay to investigate the resistance of the genotypes at V1 (fully developed …
Drosophila Suzukii Infestation In Ripe And Ripening Caneberries,
2016
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Drosophila Suzukii Infestation In Ripe And Ripening Caneberries, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Hannah Burrack
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a highly invasive vinegar fly that was first detected in the continental United States in 2008. Females use their saw-like ovipositor to lay eggs in soft-skinned fruits and severely threaten the viability of raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, and strawberry production. In a recent study, females in no-choice laboratory bioassays laid eggs in ripening blueberries and blackberries. However, most of the eggs failed to develop, perhaps because the ripening process was interrupted in the prematurely-harvested fruit. We hypothesized that eggs laid in ripening fruit in a field may be able to complete development as the fruit continues …
Ovipositional Preference, Fidelity, And Fitness Of Drosophila Suzukii In A Co-Occurring Crop And Non-Crop Host System,
2016
North Carolina State University
Ovipositional Preference, Fidelity, And Fitness Of Drosophila Suzukii In A Co-Occurring Crop And Non-Crop Host System, Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Hannah Burrack
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruits including blackberries and raspberries. Management of this pest is focused on preventing infestation in crops, but non-crop hosts may play an important role in enabling D. suzukii to persist in the absence of cultivated hosts. Drosophila suzukii may also infest fruits of both crop and non-crop hosts concurrently. Our goals were to determine whether (1) D. suzukii prefers to oviposit in cultivated blackberry, Rubus L. subgenus rubus Watson, or American pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, a non-crop host commonly found along field edges, (2) D. suzukii prefers to oviposit into the same …
Parental Rnai Suppression Of
Hunchback Gene To Control
Hemipteran Pests,
2016
University of Florida
Parental Rnai Suppression Of Hunchback Gene To Control Hemipteran Pests, Blair D. Siegfried, Kenneth E. Narva, Kanika Arora, Sarah E. Worden, Chitvan Khajuria, Elane Fishilevich, Nicholas P. Storer, Meghan Frey, Ronda L. Hamm, Ana Velez
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
This disclosure concerns nucleic acid molecules and methods of use thereof for control of hemipteran pests through RNA interference-mediated inhibition of target coding and transcribed non-coding sequences in hemipteran pests. The dis closure also concerns methods for making transgenic plants that express nucleic acid molecules useful for the control of hemipteran pests, and the plant cells and plants obtained thereby.
Letter From The Dean,
2016
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Letter From The Dean, Lona Robertson
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Olfactory Cues On The Movement Behavior Of The Predatory Beetle Calosoma Wilcoxi,
2016
Virginia Commonwealth University
Effects Of Olfactory Cues On The Movement Behavior Of The Predatory Beetle Calosoma Wilcoxi, Kennesha Myrick-Bragg
Theses and Dissertations
Arthropod predators often use prey and conspecific cues to make foraging decisions. Calosoma wilcoxi (Leconte) is a voracious predatory beetle that specializes on lepidopteran larvae often found in the forest canopy, including the fall cankerworm. This study tested the hypothesis that C. wilcoxi uses olfactory cues to detect prey and conspecifics. A Y-tube olfactometer was used to test attractiveness to larvae, larval frass, conspecific cues, and volatiles from herbivore-damaged white oak leaves. C. wilcoxi did not preferentially choose the treatment in any of the experiments. There was no difference in mean time spent in the treatment or control arm for …
Upper Thermal Limits Differ Among Component Species In A Host-Parasitoid-Hyperparasitoid System,
2016
Kanchan Anand Joshi
Upper Thermal Limits Differ Among Component Species In A Host-Parasitoid-Hyperparasitoid System, Kanchan A. Joshi
Theses and Dissertations
Among the predicted impacts associated with global climate change, warming is of special interest because the rates of physiological processes are temperature-dependent. Insects and other ectotherms are likely to be affected due to their limited ability to control body temperature. In this study, I measured the tolerance to extreme high temperatures, i.e., critical thermal maximum (CTmax), of component species in a tri-trophic system, including an herbivore (Manduca sexta), a primary larval parasitoid (Cotesia congregata) and a hyperparasitoid (genus Silochalcis). For wild insects, the parasitoid had the lowest CTmax, the hyperparasitoid had …
Biogeographical Patterns In The Hard-Tick Genus Amblyomma Koch 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae),
2016
Georgia Southern University
Biogeographical Patterns In The Hard-Tick Genus Amblyomma Koch 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), Matthew H. Seabolt
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Amblyomma Koch is a genus of hard-ticks with approximately 130 species. Its geographical range is typical for organisms with a Gondwanan origin. A majority of these species are endemic to the Neo- and Afrotropical regions, with the remaining taxa dispersed throughout Southeast Asia, Australia and the Pacific islands. Based on this distribution, we hypothesize that the genus dispersal patterns will mirror the fragmentation and continental drift of the Gondwanan supercontinent. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and node-dating analyses of nuclear 18S rDNA gene sequences reveal a more recent origin and radiation patterns within the genus and suggest that Amblyomma …
The Relative Importance Of Tree And Stand Properties In Susceptibility To Spruce Beetle Outbreak In The Mid-20th Century,
2016
Clark University
The Relative Importance Of Tree And Stand Properties In Susceptibility To Spruce Beetle Outbreak In The Mid-20th Century, Felicia Bakaj, Nathan Mietkiewicz, Thomas T. Veblen, Dominik Kulakowski
Geography
Tree susceptibility to potentially lethal agents is determined not only by attributes of individual trees, but also by neighborhood effects at a range of scales. For example, effects of disturbances on individual trees are often contingent on the size, configuration, and other properties of neighboring trees. Wildfires can modify postfire properties of individual trees as well as of entire forest stands, both of which can affect subsequent ecological processes, including subsequent disturbances. In recent years, much has been learned about how disturbances interact, but numerous questions concerning underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. For example, the relative importance of forest properties at …
Role Of Microsatellite Markers In Molecular Population Genetics Of Fruit Flies With Emphasis On The Bactrocera Dorsalis Invasion Of Africa,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Role Of Microsatellite Markers In Molecular Population Genetics Of Fruit Flies With Emphasis On The Bactrocera Dorsalis Invasion Of Africa, Fathiya M. Khamis, Anna R. Malacrida
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Microsatellites, also referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are short sequences of tandem repeats of 1-6 bp in length in clusters of less than 150 bp flanked by sections of non-repetitive unique sequences that are scattered throughout the nuclear genome. These markers are co-dominant and hypervariable, revealing many alleles per locus; they are inherited in Mendelian fashion making them useful for detecting genetic variability within species. Once isolated and characterized, microsatellites can also be used in closely related taxa. Microsatellites can be amplified, even from highly degraded DNA, and are very simple to score. …
Spatial Separation Of Semiochemical Lurem-Tr And Entomopathogenic Fungi To Enhance Their Compatibility And Infectivity In An Autoinoculation System For Thrips Management,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Spatial Separation Of Semiochemical Lurem-Tr And Entomopathogenic Fungi To Enhance Their Compatibility And Infectivity In An Autoinoculation System For Thrips Management, David K. Mfuti, Sevgan Subramanian, Rob Whm Van Tol, Gerrie L. Wiegers, Willem J. De Kogel, Saliou Niassy, Hannalene Du Plessis, Sunday Ekesi, Nguya K. Maniania
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
BACKGROUND: The effect of spatial separation of the semiochemical Lurem-TR, which has been found to inhibit conidia of entomopathogenic fungi when put together, on the persistence of conidia of Metarhizium brunneum and M. anisopliae was evaluated in the greenhouse and field in order to develop an autodissemination strategy for the management of Megalurothrips sjostedti on cowpea crop. Influence of spatial separation of the semiochemical on thrips attraction and conidial acquisition by thrips from the autoinoculation device was also investigated in the field. RESULTS: Persistence of conidia of M. brunneum and M. anisopliae increased with distance of separation of Lurem-TR. Direct …
Some Key Elements On Entomophagy In Africa: Culture, Gender And Belief,
2016
University of Pretoria
Some Key Elements On Entomophagy In Africa: Culture, Gender And Belief, S. Niassy, H. D. Affognon, K. K.M. Fiaboe, K. S. Akutse, C. M. Tanga, S. Ekesi
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Edible insects are a natural renewable food resource and, within the context of food security could be one solution for Africa. Although, entomophagy is still being practiced in Africa, there is a degree of rejection in certain milieu due to negative images associated with insects and poor awareness efforts. In order to understand the key elements that govern entomophagy in Africa, we conducted an online survey on edible insects in African countries and documented the importance of insects, cultures and believes associated to their use. We eventually looked at gender participation in entomophagy. Study showed that insect consumption can be …
Fruit Fly Species Composition, Distribution And Host Plants With Emphasis On Mango- Infesting Species,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Fruit Fly Species Composition, Distribution And Host Plants With Emphasis On Mango- Infesting Species, Ivan Rwomushana, Chrysantus M. Tanga
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Mango is the most widely cultivated fruit tree in tropical and sub-tropical Africa. However, the sustainability of this lucrative business is threatened by infestations of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) that annually inflict heavy economic losses on the industry. The nutritional quality of different fruit species can influence the survival and fecundity of adult fruit flies. This host-insect interaction determines the species composition, distribution and abundance of the major frugivorous tephritids. The economic impact of fruit fly pest species includes direct yield losses and the loss of export markets due to quarantine restrictions implemented to prevent the entry and establishment of …
Integrated Management Of Fruit Flies-Case Studies From Uganda,
2016
Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA)
Integrated Management Of Fruit Flies-Case Studies From Uganda, Brian E. Isabirye, Caroline K. Nankinga, Alex Mayamba, Anne M. Akol, Ivan Rwomushana
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose a threat to commercialisation of the horticulture industry in Uganda. They impair the quality and quantity of fruits produced, and limit access to lucrative regional and global markets. Here we explore past and present efforts, and future plans for research and management, of fruit flies in Uganda. Early research geared towards collection and identification of fruit flies recognised the pest status of many species and highlighted the need for establishing sustainable management strategies. Subsequently large-scale research initiatives have substantially increased knowledge on the biology and ecology of fruit flies in Uganda. Based on these studies, …
Determination Of Pesticide Residues In Honey: A Preliminary Study From Two Of Africa’S Largest Honey Producers,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Determination Of Pesticide Residues In Honey: A Preliminary Study From Two Of Africa’S Largest Honey Producers, Janet Irungu, Suresh Raina, Baldwyn Torto
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Background: The presence of pollutants in honey can influence honey bee colony performance and devalue its use for human consumption. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), various clean-up methods were evaluated for efficient determination of multiclass pesticide contaminants in honey. The selected clean-up method was optimized and validated and then applied to perform a preliminary study of commercial honey samples from Africa. Results: The most efficient method was primary-secondary amine (PSA) sorbent which was significantly different from the others (P <0.05; average recovery ~94 %) and was applied to analyze 96 pesticide residues in 28 retail honey samples from Kenya and Ethiopia. From our preliminary data, a total of 17 pesticide residues were detected at ~10-fold below maximum residue limit (MRL) established for food products except for malathion which was detected at almost 2-fold above its acceptable MRL. Conclusions: A highly efficient approach for determining pesticide residues in honey with good recoveries was developed. All residue contaminants were detected at levels well below their acceptable MRLs except malathion suggesting that the retail honey analyzed is safe for human consumption. Although PSA clean-up method was selected as the most efficient for cleaning honey samples, omitting the clean-up step was the most economical approach with potential applicability in the food industry.
Fruit Fly Nutrition, Rearing And Quality Control,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Fruit Fly Nutrition, Rearing And Quality Control, Samira A. Mohamed, Fathiya M. Khamis, Chrysantus M. Tanga
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Tephritid fruit flies are recognized worldwide as an important threat to the horticultural industry. Most of the species belonging to this group are highly polyphagous attacking several important fruits and vegetables. They cause direct damage through larval feeding and indirect losses are associated with quarantine restrictions. The increasing awareness of the damage caused by these fruit flies to the horticultural industry has created a demand for the development of control measures based on integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, success of the majority of these control methods largely depends on the ability to establish …
Fruit Fly Species Composition, Distribution And Host Plants With Emphasis On Vegetable-Infesting Species,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Fruit Fly Species Composition, Distribution And Host Plants With Emphasis On Vegetable-Infesting Species, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Ivan Rwomushana
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Vegetable crops hold a key position in smallholder agricultural production systems in Africa due to the number of farmers involved, income generation, employment opportunities, and enhancement of food and nutritional security. In many developed countries, demand for vegetables continues to grow due to increased awareness of the nutritional benefits, thereby stimulating increased domestic production and also imports from Africa. However, many pests threaten the productivity of the vegetable sector. Key amongst these are tephritid fruit flies that inflict both direct and indirect losses; alien invasive species are often responsible for severe ecological and economic impacts. The highly invasive and polyphagous …
Mosquito Host Choices On Livestock Amplifiers Of Rift Valley Fever Virus In Kenya,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Mosquito Host Choices On Livestock Amplifiers Of Rift Valley Fever Virus In Kenya, David P. Tchouassi, Robinson O.K. Okiro, Rosemary Sang, Lee W. Cohnstaedt, David Scott Mcvey, Baldwyn Torto
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Background: Animal hosts may vary in their attraction and acceptability as components of the host location process for assessing preference, and biting rates of vectors and risk of exposure to pathogens. However, these parameters remain poorly understood for mosquito vectors of the Rift Valley fever (RVF), an arboviral disease, and for a community of mosquitoes. Methods: Using three known livestock amplifiers of RVF virus including sheep, goat and cattle as bait in enclosure traps, we investigated the host-feeding patterns for a community of mosquitoes in Naivasha, an endemic area of Rift Valley fever (RVF), in a longitudinal study for six …
Plant Resting Site Preferences And Parity Rates Among The Vectors Of Rift Valley Fever In Northeastern Kenya,
2016
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Plant Resting Site Preferences And Parity Rates Among The Vectors Of Rift Valley Fever In Northeastern Kenya, Samwel O. Arum, Christopher W. Weldon, Benedict Orindi, Caroline Tigoi, Francis Musili, Tobias Landmann, David P. Tchouassi, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Rosemary Sang
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Background: Mosquito lifespan can influence the circulation of disease causing pathogens because it affects the time available for infection and transmission. The life-cycle of mosquitoes is determined by intrinsic and environmental factors, which can include the availability of hosts and suitable resting environments that shelter mosquitoes from extreme temperature and desiccating conditions. This study determined the parity rates (an indirect measure of survival) and plant resting preference of vectors of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in northeastern Kenya. Methods: Resting mosquitoes were trapped during the rainy and the dry season using a Prokopack aspirator from vegetation, whereas general adult populations were …
Bivalent Carbamates As Novel Control Agents Of The Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles Gambiae,
2016
University of Florida
Bivalent Carbamates As Novel Control Agents Of The Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles Gambiae, James M. Mutunga, Qiao Hong Chen, Dawn M. Wong, Polo C.H. Lam, Jianyong Li, Maxim M. Totrov, Aaron D. Gross, Paul R. Carlier, Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Widespread pyrethroid resistance has caused an urgent need to develop new insecticides for control of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Insecticide discovery efforts were directed towards the construction of bivalent inhibitors that occupy both the peripheral and catalytic sites of the mosquito acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It was hypothesized that this approach would yield a selective, high potency inhibitor that would also circumvent known catalytic site mutations (e.g. G119S) causing target site resistance. Accordingly, a series of bivalent phthalimide-pyrazole carbamates were prepared having an alkyl chain linker of varying length, along with other modifications. The most active compound was (1-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl methylcarbamate, 8a), …
