Tachinid Collecting In Temperate South America. Expeditions Of The Phylogeny Of World Tachinide Project. Part Iii. Chile,
2016
Wright State University - Main Campus
Tachinid Collecting In Temperate South America. Expeditions Of The Phylogeny Of World Tachinide Project. Part Iii. Chile, John O. Stireman Iii, James E. O'Hara, Pierfilippo Cerretti, Diego J. Inclán
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
As readers of this newsletter are likely familiar, we and our collaborators have been working for the past several years on a family-wide phylogeny of the Tachinidae of the world (see Stireman et al. 2013, Winkler et al. 2014). We have already published a morphological analysis of tachinid phylogenetics (Cerretti et al. 2014), as well as an initial molecular phylogenetic framework for the family (Winkler et al. 2015). An in-depth molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Phasiinae led by Jeremy Blaschke (originally at University of Tennessee and now at Union University, TN) and Kevin Moulton (U. of Tenn.) is currently being …
Hormonal And Nutritional Regulation Of Molting, Metamorphosis, And Reproduction In Bed Bugs, Cimex Lectularius,
2016
University of Kentucky
Hormonal And Nutritional Regulation Of Molting, Metamorphosis, And Reproduction In Bed Bugs, Cimex Lectularius, Hemant Gujar
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that feeds on humans. The increase in travel and development of insecticide resistance to commercially available insecticides have enabled the bed bug population to resurge, causing economical and psychological trauma to the human population. Lack of knowledge about the basic molecular biology of bed bugs has motivated us to study the key aspects of molting, metamorphosis, and reproduction. A blood meal triggers expression of various genes that enable bed bugs to molt or undergo metamorphosis. Molting and metamorphosis in bed bugs are regulated by two key hormones: 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and …
Variable Consequences Of Toxic Prey On Generalist Insect Predators,
2016
University of Kentucky
Variable Consequences Of Toxic Prey On Generalist Insect Predators, Kelly Jackson
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
Introduced species, like the lady beetle Harmonia axyridis, have been linked to declines of native species through mechanisms including intraguild predation and competitive superiority. However, competitive differentials between species may be mitigated if subdominant species can utilize resources that dominant species cannot. Previous research has shown that some strains of the aphid Aphis craccivora are toxic to H. axyridis. My goal was to investigate use of this resource by both H. axyridis and other lady beetles, to determine whether these aphids might be an exploitable resource for subdominant lady beetle species. I first examined the behavioral responses of …
The Manipulation And Examination Of Wolbachia In Medically Important Mosquitoes,
2016
University of Kentucky
The Manipulation And Examination Of Wolbachia In Medically Important Mosquitoes, Timothy D. Mcnamara
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
Mosquitoes are a major vector of human disease and result in massive costs to public health in affected regions. It has been suggested that Wolbachia pipientis could be used for mosquito population reduction. Wolbachia is a maternally-transmitted endosymbiont of arthropods and nematodes that infects the cytoplasm of host cells. In mosquitoes, Wolbachia manipulates reproduction through Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI), which is characterized by a cessation of embryonic development in certain crossing-types. However, the relationship between Wolbachia and its host is complex and not fully understood. The crossing relationships between naturally-infected and aposymbiotic populations of Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens molestus …
The Chemical Ecology Of Bed Bugs (Cimex Lectularius, L.) And The Impact Of A Neurotoxic Insecticide On Physiology And Behavior,
2016
University of Kentucky
The Chemical Ecology Of Bed Bugs (Cimex Lectularius, L.) And The Impact Of A Neurotoxic Insecticide On Physiology And Behavior, Sydney E. Crawley
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
Following a decades-long hiatus in many nations, populations of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) have rebounded and are thriving on a global scale posing substantial challenges for pest management professionals. Insecticide resistance to both pyrethroid and neonicotinoid compounds has been identified in many populations, leading to renewed interest in alternative control methods for management of this pest. The objectives of my dissertation research were to study various, typically cryptic, bed bug behaviors in order to improve both conventional and alternative management strategies. Novel behavioral interactions among mother and offspring were characterized. Additionally, changes in behavior and physiology after treatment …
Endosymbiotic Bacteria In The Bed Bug, Cimex Lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae),
2016
University of Kentucky
Endosymbiotic Bacteria In The Bed Bug, Cimex Lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Mark H. Goodman
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
The return of bed bugs to prominence as an urban pest has precipitated an emphatic research response from the scientific community in an effort to better understand their biology and management. However, not all aspects of bed bug biology have received equal attention. The role of symbiotic bacteria in the normal function and biology of insects is often underappreciated, and this is true of bed bugs. Bed bugs have two main endosymbiotic bacteria, a Wolbachia species and a poorly-characterized gamma-proteobacterium referred to as BLS. However, their interactions with the host are poorly understood. I explored various aspects of these symbionts …
Differential Gene Expression Of Minnesota (Mn) Hygienic Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) Performing Hygienic Behavior,
2016
Minnesota State University Mankato
Differential Gene Expression Of Minnesota (Mn) Hygienic Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) Performing Hygienic Behavior, Eric Northrup
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
Hygienic behavior is the ability to remove dead and diseased brood from the comb early as to limit the detrimental impact of the parasite or pathogen. Minnesota (MN) Hygienic bees are generalists of hygienic behavior with the ability to remove several brood infected with several pathogens including the Varroa mite. This study explored the mechanisms of MN Hygienic behavior by comparing the transcriptome of MN Hygienic bee brains to non-hygienic bee brains via cDNA microarray. The results suggest that the brains of MN Hygienic bees may have a greater number of dendritic connections or are more sensitive to neurotransmitters. Quantitative …
Land-Use Change Reduces Habitat Suitability For
Supporting Managed Honey Bee Colonies In The
Northern Great Plains,
2016
United States Geological Survey
Land-Use Change Reduces Habitat Suitability For Supporting Managed Honey Bee Colonies In The Northern Great Plains, Clint R. V. Otto, Cali L. Roth, Benjamin L. Carlson, Matthew D. Smart
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Human reliance on insect pollination services continues to increase even as pollinator populations exhibit global declines. Increased commodity crop prices and federal subsidies for biofuel crops, such as corn and soybeans, have contributed to rapid land-use change in the US Northern Great Plains (NGP), changes that may jeopardize habitat for honey bees in a part of the country that supports >40% of the US colony stock. We investigated changes in biofuel crop production and grassland land covers surrounding ~18,000 registered commercial apiaries in North and South Dakota from 2006 to 2014. We then developed habitat selection models to identify remotely …
The Influence Of Photoperiod On Development Rates Of Three Species Of Forensically Important Blow Flies,
2016
North Carolina State University
The Influence Of Photoperiod On Development Rates Of Three Species Of Forensically Important Blow Flies, M. L. Fisher, Leon G. Higley, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Environmental factors, such as temperature and photoperiod can play important roles in insect development. Numerous studies have researched insects and their responses to photoperiod, but there has been little research to show if the duration of light alters development rates in blow flies. A review of previous literature revealed differences in the light regime (L:D) reported for the study. This study examined the effects of photoperiod on development rates of Phormia regina Meigen, Cochliomyia macellaria F., and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy using four light regimes of 0, 12, 16, and 24 h of light measured at both 20C and 26C. Environmental …
Stress-Induced Changes In Abundance Differ Among Obligate
And Facultative Endosymbionts Of The Soybean Aphid,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Stress-Induced Changes In Abundance Differ Among Obligate And Facultative Endosymbionts Of The Soybean Aphid, Laramy S. Enders, Nicholas Miller
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Bacterial endosymbionts can drive evolutionary novelty by conferring adaptive benefits under adverse environmental conditions. Among aphid species there is growing evidence that symbionts influence tolerance to various forms of stress. However, the extent to which stress inflicted on the aphid host has cascading effects on symbiont community dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we simultaneously quantified the effect of host-plant induced and xenobiotic stress on soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) fitness and relative abundance of its three bacterial symbionts. Exposure to soybean defensive stress (Rag1 gene) and a neurotoxic insecticide (thiamethoxam) substantially reduced aphid composite fitness (survival 9 reproduction) …
Plant Tolerance: A Unique Approach
To Control Hemipteran Pests,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Plant Tolerance: A Unique Approach To Control Hemipteran Pests, Kyle G. Koch, Kaitlin Chapman, Joe Louis, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Gautam Sarath
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Plant tolerance to insect pests has been indicated to be a unique category of resistance, however, very little information is available on the mechanism of tolerance against insect pests. Tolerance is distinctive in terms of the plant’s ability to withstand or recover from herbivore injury through growth and compensatory physiological processes. Because plant tolerance involves plant compensatory characteristics, the plant is able to harbor large numbers of herbivores without interfering with the insect pest’s physiology or behavior. Some studies have observed that tolerant plants can compensate photosynthetically by avoiding feedback inhibition and impaired electron flow through photosystem II that occurs …
Reduced Stability And Intracellular Transport Of Dsrna Contribute To Poor Rnai
Response In Lepidopteran Insects,
2016
University of Kentucky
Reduced Stability And Intracellular Transport Of Dsrna Contribute To Poor Rnai Response In Lepidopteran Insects, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Megha Kalsi, Amit Sethi, Kenneth E. Narva, Elane Fishilevich, Satnam Singh, Kanakachari Mogilicherla, Subba Reddy Palli
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used reverse genetic tool to study gene function in eukaryotic organisms and is being developed as a technology for insect pest management. The efficiency of RNAi varies among organisms. Insects from different orders also display differential efficiency of RNAi, ranging from highly efficient (coleopterans) to very low efficient (lepidopterans). We investigated the reasons for varying RNAi efficiency between lepidopteran and coleopteran cell lines and also between the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens. The dsRNA either injected or fed was degraded faster in H. virescens than in L. …
Characterization And Manipulation Of Fruit Susceptibility
To Drosophila Suzukii,
2016
USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit
Characterization And Manipulation Of Fruit Susceptibility To Drosophila Suzukii, Jana C. Lee, Daniel T. Dalton, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Denny J. Bruck, Hannah Burrack, Bernadine C. Strik, J. Megan Woltz, Vaughn M. Walton
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an economic pest of small fruits and cherries that attacks intact ripening fruits. Host susceptibility may be influenced by characteristics such as flesh firmness, penetration force of the skin, total soluble solids (TSS, also known as Brix), and pH. Improved knowledge of factors affecting fruit susceptibility is needed for developing thresholds and risk prediction models for IPM. A combination of laboratory and field studies was conducted to develop prediction and potential management tools. First, a direct bioassay was used to calculate the probability of oviposition in a given fruit based on various characteristics as determined across …
High Levels Of Resistance In The Common Bed Bug, Cimex
Lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), To Neonicotinoid
Insecticides,
2016
New Mexico State University
High Levels Of Resistance In The Common Bed Bug, Cimex Lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), To Neonicotinoid Insecticides, Alvaro Romero, Troy D. Anderson
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
The rapid increase of bed bug populations resistant to pyrethroids demands the development of novel control tactics. Products combining pyrethroids and neonicotinoids have become very popular for bed bug control in the United States, but there are concerns about evolution of resistance to these compounds. Laboratory assays were used to measure the toxicity of topical applications of four neonicotinoids to a susceptible population and three pyrethroid-resistant populations. Activity of esterases, glutathione S-transferases, and cytochrome P450s of all strains was also evaluated. High levels of resistance to four neonicotinoids, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam, relative to the susceptible Fort Dix population, …
Evaluation Of Different Insecticide Formulations
Against Lipaphis Erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), A
Pest On Oil Seed Crop, Camelina Sativa In Pakistan,
2016
University of Sargodha
Evaluation Of Different Insecticide Formulations Against Lipaphis Erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), A Pest On Oil Seed Crop, Camelina Sativa In Pakistan, Muhammad Arshad, Rashad Rasool Khan, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Afzal, Bamphitlhi Tiroesele, Irfan Mustafa, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
False flax, German sesame and Siberian oilseed are the names used for oil seed crop, Camelina sativa L. Crantz of the family Brassicaceae. Camelina sativa is a flexible, summer annual oilseed crop that can be raised in different climatic and soil conditions. The objectives of this study were to test the efficacy of different insecticides against aphid, Lipaphis erysimi on Canadian and Australian Camelina sativa varieties. Insecticides were tested at their field recommended doses using knapsack sprayer. The data on adult mortality of Lipaphis erysimi were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. Acetamiprid and mospilon were found …
Species Distribution Modeling Of North American Odonates,
2016
Yale University
Species Distribution Modeling Of North American Odonates, Rebecca Beilinson
Library Map Prize
Species distribution modeling, which uses species-environment relationships to predict species’ geographic ranges, is a powerful technique for biogeographical and ecological analysis as well as for conservation planning. However, it has typically been underutilized for invertebrates and for freshwater species, as modeling these groups can pose unique challenges. Here I present methods for modeling odonate distributions and demonstrate these methods for four North American species. I show that incorporating expert-derived range maps as spatial priors can significantly improve model performance as compared to MaxEnt models. I also introduce a new distance to freshwater layer as an environmental variable, and show that …
The Ticks (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodida) Of Arkansas,
2016
Eastern Oklahoma State College
The Ticks (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodida) Of Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, H. W. Robison
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
Although ticks are a nuisance to humans and other animals, they are an important part of the biota of North America. In addition, they are vectors of many tick-borne disease agents that can negatively affect higher vertebrates. In Arkansas, there have been no recent comprehensive summaries of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) in the last 40+ yrs. Here, we provide a summary of the ticks of the state and note the disease agents they can transmit.
New Chigger (Acari) Records From Arkansas Amphibians (Caudata, Anura) And Reptiles (Sauria),
2016
Northwest Arkansas Community College
New Chigger (Acari) Records From Arkansas Amphibians (Caudata, Anura) And Reptiles (Sauria), M. B. Connior, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, S. E. Trauth, H. W. Robison
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
An Adult Female Mosquito Survey In Southwest Missouri In 2014,
2016
Crowder College - Cassville Campus
An Adult Female Mosquito Survey In Southwest Missouri In 2014, O. E. Jamieson, J. L. Moreland, D. H. Jamieson
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
A New Host Record For The Bat Bug, Cimex Adjunctus (Insecta: Hemiptera) From Eastern Small-Footed Myotis, Myotis Leibii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae),
2016
Arkansas Game and Fish Commission
A New Host Record For The Bat Bug, Cimex Adjunctus (Insecta: Hemiptera) From Eastern Small-Footed Myotis, Myotis Leibii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), D. B. Sasse, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
