Martin-Luther-Universität
Utah State University
Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá
Accelerated Evolution Of Sars-Cov-2 In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer,
2023
The Ohio State University
Accelerated Evolution Of Sars-Cov-2 In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer, Dillon S. Mcbride, Sofya K. Garushyants, John Franks, Andrew F. Magee, Steven H. Overend, Devra Huey, Amanda M. Williams, Seth A. Faith, Ahmed Kandeil, Sanja Trifkovic, Lance Miller, Trushar Jeevan, Anami Patel, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Michael J. Tonkovich, J. Tyler Genders, Andrew J. Montoney, Kevin Kasnyik, Timothy J. Linder, Sarah N. Bevins, Julianna B. Lenoch, Jeffrey C. Chandler, Thomas J. Deliberto, Eugene V. Koonin, Marc A. Suchard, Philippe Lemey, Richard J. Webby, Martha I. Nelson, Andrew S. Bowman
USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications
The zoonotic origin of the COVID-19 pandemic virus highlights the need to fill the vast gaps in our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 ecology and evolution in non-human hosts. Here, we detected that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced from humans into white-tailed deer more than 30 times in Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2–8 months, disseminating across hundreds of kilometers. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how SARS-CoV-2 evolution is not only three-times faster in white-tailed deer compared to the rate observed in humans but also driven by different mutational biases and selection pressures. The long-term effect of …
Rapid Evolution Of A(H5n1) Influenza Viruses After Intercontinental Spread To North America,
2023
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Rapid Evolution Of A(H5n1) Influenza Viruses After Intercontinental Spread To North America, Ahmed Kandeil, Christopher Patton, Jeremy C. Jones, Trushar Jeevan, Walter N. Harrington, Sanja Trifkovic, Jon P. Seiler, Thomas Fabrizio, Karlie Woodard, Jasmine C. Turner, Jeri Carol Crumpton, Lance Miller, Adam Rubrum, Jennifer Debeauchamp, Charles J. Russell, Elena A. Govorkova, Peter Vogel, Mia Kim-Torchetti, Yohannes Berhane, David Stallknecht, Rebecca Poulson, Lisa Kercher, Richard J. Webby
USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, and Africa. By the end of 2021, 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that the western movement of clade 2.3.4.4b was quickly followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America, resulting in the acquisition of different combinations of ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant A(H5N1) viruses are genotypically and phenotypically diverse, with many causing severe disease with dramatic neurologic involvement in mammals. The proclivity of …
Forages And Technology Management In Growing And Finishing Beef Cattle Systems,
2023
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Forages And Technology Management In Growing And Finishing Beef Cattle Systems, Kelton Adair
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
A systems study evaluated the effects of an implant [25.7 mg estradiol (Compudose; Elanco Animal Health)] at two rates of gain (LOW: 0.45 kg/d and HIGH: 0.9 kg/d) applied during the winter backgrounding phase in drylot and winter grazing systems and its effects on subsequent phases of production. HIGH supplementation with an implant during the winter backgrounding phase in the drylot system yielded the greatest ending body weight (EBW) during the summer backgrounding phase (P = 0.04). LOW supplementation, without an implant, improved summer backgrounding average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.05) while achieving similar carcass adjusted final body …
Characterization Of Enterovirus D68 In A Mouse Model And Evaluation Of Antiviral Therapies,
2023
Utah State University
Characterization Of Enterovirus D68 In A Mouse Model And Evaluation Of Antiviral Therapies, Zoe K. Taylor
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a virus that causes respiratory disease. Children are most commonly affected by EV-D68 but immunocompromised adults can also get infected and develop severe disease signs. In 2014, the United States experienced an unprecedented outbreak of EV-D68. Similar outbreaks were also observed in 2016, 2018 and 2022. Interestingly, few EV-D68 infections were observed in 2020, likely due to public health measures put in place to reduce the spread of another respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). EV-D68 is in the same virus family as polio, and one of the most concerning findings from these outbreaks is that …
Atmospheric Mercury At Storm Peak Laboratory: Development Of Methods To Calibrate Ambient Oxidized Mercury Measurements And Comparisons To A 3-D Photochemical Transport Model,
2023
Utah State University
Atmospheric Mercury At Storm Peak Laboratory: Development Of Methods To Calibrate Ambient Oxidized Mercury Measurements And Comparisons To A 3-D Photochemical Transport Model, Tyler Raymond Elgiar
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal found ubiquitously throughout the environment that has the potential to harm wildlife and human health. Human exposure to Hg can lead to symptoms such as blindness, loss of memory, ataxia, and death. Hg exposure to pregnant women and young children is of even greater concern, as high levels of Hg can hinder fetal and child development.
Hg is emitted into the atmosphere through natural and anthropogenic processes such as biomass burning and the incineration of coal, respectively. Hg exists in the atmosphere as elemental Hg (Hg0) or in an oxidized form …
Production And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies To Xenopus Proteins,
2023
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Production And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies To Xenopus Proteins, Brett A. Horr
Masters Theses
Monoclonal antibodies are powerful and versatile tools that enable the study of proteins in diverse contexts. They are often utilized to assist with identification of subcellular localization and characterization of the function of target proteins of interest. However, because there can be considerable sequence diversity between orthologous proteins in Xenopus and mammals, antibodies produced against mouse or human proteins often do not recognize Xenopus counterparts. To address this issue, we refined existing mouse monoclonal antibody production protocols to generate antibodies against Xenopus proteins of interest. Here, we describe several approaches for the generation of useful mouse anti-Xenopus antibodies to multiple …
Health Risk Assessments Of Heavy Metal Concentrations Via Consumption Of An Invasive Species, Carassius Gibelio, From Two Large Freshwater Lakes Of Türkiye, Duygu Ceren Çağlan Kaya
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Heavy metal toxicity is a significant threat to human health and the environment. Contamination of the food chain with heavy metals in water sources may impact the health of consumers adversely. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in the invasive fish species Carassius gibelio inhabiting two important lakes in Türkiye: Lake Beyşehir and Lake Eğirdir, from the Lake District Region and assess any health risks posed by the consumption of these species. For this purpose, C. gibelio species were obtained from two lakes in dry and rainy seasons and heavy metal concentrations …
Structural And Biological Characterization Of Two Freshwater Mussel Shells (Bivalvia: Unionidae),
2023
TÜBİTAK
Structural And Biological Characterization Of Two Freshwater Mussel Shells (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Hülya Şerefli̇şan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The shell of a freshwater mussel (Mollusca: Bivalvia) is a composite biological material that plays an active role in maintaining ecosystem services. Mussel shells have variable structures both within and between species. In this study, the structural and biological characteristics of the shells of Potomida semirugata and Leguminaia wheatleyi were investigated in order to use freshwater mussel shells as a biological material. Close observation of the microstructure of the shells of the two common freshwater bivalves revealed a variation in construction from the outer periostracum to the inner nacreous layer. In P. semirugata, a polygonal arrangement with columnar prisms …
Exploring The Efficacy Of Rnai-Mediated Gene Knock-Down Via Oral Delivery Of Dsrna In The Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say), Haneef Tari̇q, Ayhan Gökçe, Emre Aksoy, Emi̇nur Elçi̇, Allah Bakhsh
Turkish Journal of Zoology
RNA interference (RNAi) is a versatile genetic tool capable of selectively inhibiting the expression of any gene in a targeted organism. Its implementation holds great promise for safeguarding crops against insect pests and diseases. Vacuolar-ATPase represents an ideal target for RNAi-based pest management strategies since it is an enzyme essential for various physiological processes in insects. In this study, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was synthesized using an L4440 vector in Escherichia coli HT115 strain to silence the Vacuolar-ATPase proteolipid subunit mRNA in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). To assess the effectiveness of RNAi, L. decemlineata larvae at different …
Population Genetic Structure Of Testudo Hermanni Boettgeri (Hermann's Tortoise) In Türkiye,
2023
TÜBİTAK
Population Genetic Structure Of Testudo Hermanni Boettgeri (Hermann's Tortoise) In Türkiye, Can Yilmaz, Oğuz Türkozan, Sezgi̇n Karaman, Celal Ülger
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Multidisciplinary approaches for the conservation of endangered species have great importance in preparing management plans. In addition to ecological and population demographic parameters, genetic data provide vital information for conservation management plans for a species. The Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) suffers from illegal trade, fires, habitat fragmentation and destruction, and therefore, the genetic diversity of the regional populations has been affected. It was aimed herein to impart knowledge on the population genetic structure of T. hermanni boettgeri, listed as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List as a subspecies and has limited …
Freshwater Lampreys And Fishes Of Türkiye; An Annotated Checklist, 2023,
2023
TÜBİTAK
Freshwater Lampreys And Fishes Of Türkiye; An Annotated Checklist, 2023, Erdoğan Çi̇çek, Sevi̇l Sungur, Ronald Fricke, Burak Seçer
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Herewith, the current status of the inland waters ichthyofauna of Türkiye is revised, and an updated checklist of the freshwater lampreys and fishes is presented. As of November 2023, the freshwater ichthyofauna of Türkiye is known to consist of 427 species belonging to 20 orders, 37 families, and 97 genera. Among these, 21 species (4.9%) are alien, and 215 species (50.4%) are considered endemic to Türkiye. The orders with the largest numbers of species in the ichthyofauna of Türkiye are the Cypriniformes (297 species, 69.6%), followed by the Cyprinodontiformes (26 species, 6.1%), the Salmoniformes (25 species, 5.9%), the Gobiiformes (20 …
Comparison Of The Movement Speed Of Three Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Along Trails,
2023
TÜBİTAK
Comparison Of The Movement Speed Of Three Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Along Trails, Stanislav Stukalyuk, Mykola Kozyr, Ascar Akhmedov
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The aim of this study was to compare the speed of movement of 3 species of ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, and Lasius fuliginosus) along trails with different types of substrates. The study took place from June to August 2022 within the Holosiyivo Forest, located in Kyiv, Ukraine. For L. fuliginosus, the study was conducted in August and September 2022. For the experiment, 3 colonies of each species were selected in June, with only 3 trails passing on substrate (a total of 9 trails). One of the trails was left unchanged (ground surface), smooth logs were …
Life Table Of Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) At Different Temperatures On White And Black Mulberries, Özden Dokuyucu, Selma Ülgentürk, Mehmet Sali̇h Özgökçe
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Some biological characteristics and life table of Mulberry scale [Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)], which is an important thermophilic, invasive, and polyphagous pest of fruit trees, was investigated. The research has been conducted at 7 different temperatures (20.6, 23.2, 27.1, 29.0, 30.6, 31.3, 33.8 °C) on two different mulberry species (Morus alba and M. nigra) in the climate chambers with fixed illumination regime (16 : 8 h) and relative humidity (60% ± 5%) conditions. The total longevity of female individuals on M. alba were 120.54, 86.79, 63.54, 57.51, 41.35, and 26.27 days, while 110.61, 99.62, 63.84, 70.92, …
Supplemental Table 1. Influence Of The Count Of Positive Days On Dmi, Milk Yield, Milk Fat, Milk Protein, And Pregnancy Rate,
2023
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Supplemental Table 1. Influence Of The Count Of Positive Days On Dmi, Milk Yield, Milk Fat, Milk Protein, And Pregnancy Rate, Addison Carroll, Paul J. Kononoff
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Response
Intercept
Devstarch
Devfat
DevNDF
DevPro
BIC
Baa-Ttling Sore Mouth In Sheep With Mathematical Modeling,
2023
University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
Baa-Ttling Sore Mouth In Sheep With Mathematical Modeling, David C. Elzinga, W. Christopher Strickland
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
A Mathematical Model Of Acanthocephalan Parasite Infection In Gull-Billed Terns,
2023
Illinois State University
A Mathematical Model Of Acanthocephalan Parasite Infection In Gull-Billed Terns, Charlotte Moser
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Characterisation Of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy In Female Cattle Using Genotype Information,
2023
Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
Characterisation Of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy In Female Cattle Using Genotype Information, Cliona Ryan
ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)
Background
Aneuploidy is a genetic condition characterized by the loss (monosomy) or gain (trisomy) of one or more chromosomes. Aneuploidy affecting the sex chromosomes often leads to infertility. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sex chromosome aneuploidy in a large juvenile population using routinely available genotype intensity information.
Methods
Genotype and genotype intensity data was available on 145,476 female dairy and beef cattle below 15 months of age at the time of genotyping, with no recorded progeny. Genotype intensity data included the LogR Ratio (LRR), R-value (the sum of X and Y SNP probe intensities), …
Grass-Based Supplementation To Reduce Slaughter Age In Dairy-Beef Steers,
2023
Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc, Ireland.
Grass-Based Supplementation To Reduce Slaughter Age In Dairy-Beef Steers, Jamie O'Driscoll
ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)
Background
Reducing slaughter age, while maintaining carcass output, will improve the sustainability of beef production systems. This will result in lower lifetime emissions from cattle, while also reducing the carbon equivalent per kilogram of beef carcass. The objective of this study was to investigate the strategic use of concentrate feed within pasture-based dairy-beef steer production systems, to establish its effectiveness in reducing slaughter age in differing animal genotypes.
Methods
Three contrasting supplementation strategies were implemented: 1) grass only (GO), pasture only diet in the first and second grazing season, 2) intermediate (INTER), concentrate supplementation throughout the first grazing season, pasture …
The Detection Of Putative Recessive Lethal Haplotypes In Irish Sheep Populations,
2023
Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc, Ireland.
The Detection Of Putative Recessive Lethal Haplotypes In Irish Sheep Populations, Rory Mcauley
ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)
In livestock populations, recessive lethal alleles are a known contributor to poor reproductive performance due to embryonic death in homozygous individuals. Despite their lethal effect in the recessive form, these alleles may be maintained at high frequencies among carrier animals because of their positive pleiotropic effects on economically important traits. Although several such recessive alleles have been identified in cattle and pig populations, limited studies have been completed in sheep, and none within Irish sheep populations. Genotype data for 69,034 animals from five major Irish sheep breeds genotyped on a variety of panels was available for this study. Only animals …
It’S All About Fishing: Robert Ellis Jenkins (1940-2023) And His Life Among Freshwater Fishes Of Virginia And The Redhorse Suckers,
2023
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
It’S All About Fishing: Robert Ellis Jenkins (1940-2023) And His Life Among Freshwater Fishes Of Virginia And The Redhorse Suckers, Eric J. Hilton
Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings
Robert (Bob) Ellis Jenkins passed away in Salem, Virginia, on Wednesday, July 12, 2023. Bob was born February 9, 1940 in Brooklyn, New York. As a child, Bob took an early interest in natural history, and was a particularly avid fisherman. He attended Roanoke College (Salem, VA) as an undergraduate and entered into a Masters degree program at Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA), only to leave before finishing for a position at the NOAA Systematics Lab based at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. He eventually became faculty at his alma mater, Roanoke College, where he would spend virtually …
