Kinesiology Commons^™

Professional Experience At Farmington High School, Jacob Vorhies

Master of Science in Kinesiology

For my Capstone project I chose to do a professional industry experience was at Farmington High School with Scott Meier, Head of Strength and Conditioning. The goals for this experience were to improve my skills in proper form identification, providing instructions, and program development. I spent two and a half months with Mr. Meier assisting him in his weight training classes and working directly with the students. For the research project component, I conducted a literature review and presented a PowerPoint presentation to five high school weightlifting classes on the importance of sleep and its effects on athletic performance. This …

The Study Of A Generalized Fitness Education Program's Effect On Personality Traits, Garrett Schliep

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

This longitudinal study was to measure the influence of a generalized fitness education program on the percentile of individuals’ personality traits in college aged individuals. The personality traits are those determined in the Five Factor Model of Personality. The Five Factor Model of Personality is a beneficial tool used in exercise psychology that refers to a broad domain of personality traits often referred to as the “Big Five”. The findings reject the hypothesis that a fitness education program would shift an individual’s personality a statistically significant amount.

New Perspectives On Foot Segment Forces And Joint Kinetics - Integrating Plantar Shear Stresses And Pressures With Multi-Segment Foot Modeling, Dustin A. Bruening, Spencer R. Petersen, Sarah T. Ridge

Faculty Publications

The role of the foot in gait is not well understood, in part due to challenges in capturing and utilizing segmental ground reaction forces. The purposes of this study were to 1) develop methodology to integrate plantar pressure/shear stresses with a multi-segment foot model, and 2) generate and display key normative data from this combined system. Twenty-six young healthy adults walked barefoot (1.3 m/s) across a pressure/shear sensor with markers matching a published 4-segment kinetic foot model. A novel anatomical/geometric masking method was developed that successfully separated regions aligned with model segmentation. This template-based method can be automated and customized …

Physiological Measurements Pre/Post Ultra-Marathon Distance Race, Karolina Zavisiute, Scott Richmond, Chad Kerksick, Kyle Sunderland, Petey Mumford

2023 Student Academic Showcase

Endurance running events like 100 miles distance races are becoming more popular. Humans are eager to explore their limits by challenging themselves to run 100 miles distance races. However, there are many research gaps still exist to fully understand the impact on the body that 100 miles endurance event has.

The aim of this study was to measure and analyze the impact of the 100 miles endurance race among recreational runners. Ten male recreational runners (age 36.6 ± 14.1) were screened before and after completing 100 miles distance running event in Missouri. Test screening included VO2 max, RMR, BIA, Ultrasound …

Changes In Hamstring Muscle Thickness And Pennation Angle Following Nordic Exercise In A Post-Surgical Acl Patient: A Case Study, Aaliyah M. Moore, Petey W. Mumford

2023 Student Academic Showcase

This study aims to utilize ultrasound imaging to investigate the effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on a post-surgical ACL rugby patient who had a hamstring tear in the contralateral leg of his ACL tear. The study will also examine any changes in the patient's ACL leg hamstring compared to the torn hamstring leg. The patient's Biodex test results will also be incorporated to determine if there is a correlation between muscle thickness and pennation angle changes. Ultrasound scans were taken 2 months, 4 months and will be taken again at 6 months post-surgery, following biodex assessments. Ultrasound images have shown …

Female Swimmers Exhibit Greater Isometric Force Symmetry Across The Shoulder Girdle Than Male Swimmers, Lyssa Wood, Kyle Sunderland

2023 Student Academic Showcase

The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test was developed to measure force across the shoulder girdle. This test can be used to assess symmetry and potential injury risk in upper-body sports. The purpose was to determine the differences in the supine-to-prone ratio of isometric shoulder force production between male and female swimmers. Forty-five Lindenwood swimmers (F=23, M=22) participated in this cross-sectional study. Athletes performed bilateral isometric shoulder contractions in both the supine and the prone laying position with arms straight and shoulders abducted 135˚ (“Y”). Female simmers had an higher average ratio (76.5%±13.5%) compared to males (68.1%±11.2%) independent of the arm tested. …

Peak Torque Ratios Of Hamstrings To Quadriceps Do Not Differ Between Positions Or Angular Velocities In Female Collegiate Rugby Athletes, Amanda Ware, Ava L. Denner, Kyle Sunderland

2023 Student Academic Showcase

The relative strength of hamstrings to quadriceps (H:Q) is an important measure for determining anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk, which is more prevalent in female athletes. The purpose was to examine H:Q at varying angular velocities in different position of female college rugby athletes. The dominant leg of forty-seven female college rugby athletes was evaluated via isokinetic dynamometry at 60 deg/s, 180 deg/s, 240 deg/s, and 300 deg/s. Concentric peak torques were utilized to determine H:Q. H:Q was not significantly different between positions. Additionally, there were no significant changes in H:Q at different angular velocities independent of position. These …

Hamstrings To Quadriceps Peak Torque Ratios Are Similar Between Positions In Male College Rugby Athletes, Ava Denner, Amanda Ware, Kyle Sunderland

2023 Student Academic Showcase

Decreased hamstrings strength relative to quadriceps strength (H:Q) is a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The purpose was to determine the H:Q at varying angular velocities in male college rugby athletes. Thirty-eight male college rugby athletes volunteered for this study. Concentric peak torques were utilized to determine H:Q in the dominant leg with isokinetic dynamometry at 60 deg/s, 180 deg/s, 240 deg/s and 300 deg/s. There was no significant difference among position groups in peak torques, regardless of speed. H:Q was significantly lower at 60 deg/s compared to all other velocities. While H:Q does beneficially increase …

Arm Isometric Force Production In Ncaa Softball Players Is Greater In The Dominant Arm Independent Of Arm Angle, Nicole Henson, Kyle Sunderland

2023 Student Academic Showcase

Arm Isometric Force Production in NCAA Softball Players is Greater in the Dominant Arm Independent of Arm Angle

N. Henson1, M. Gersch1, K. Sunderland1

1Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA

The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test is used to examine strength symmetry between dominant and non-dominant shoulders. Our purpose was to examine shoulder isometric force production in college softball players at two arm angles. Seventeen college softball players performed bilateral isometric shoulder contractions on dual force plates while laying prone with arms straight and shoulders at 135˚ (“Y”) and 180˚ …

Identifying Risk Of Acl Injury In Collegiate Male Rugby Players Across A Single Training Year, Caleb Small, Lauren Tighe

2023 Student Academic Showcase

The purpose of this study to examine collegiate male rugby players’ susceptibility for sustaining an ACL injury over the course of an entire season using the biodex strength assessment, standardized functional movement screen, and Y-balance test. Participants included five male collegiate rugby players who play in the back line ranging from age eighteen through twenty-three. Baseline testing was conducted during preseason training and re-assessed every four weeks throughout the entire season. Assessment measures remained the same throughout all testing trials, in addition to a subjective patient questionnaire. Following data collection, three out of the five participants showed deficiency of hamstring …

Assessment Of Muscular Anatomical And Physiological Development During Injury Rehabilitation, Nicholas Andrews, Petey Mumford, Lauren Tighe

2023 Student Academic Showcase

After an injury occurs, there are many physiological regressions that occur. These regressions lead to altered muscle thickness, muscle length, strength and power potentials, motor recruitment, and neuromuscular control. These variables are further exacerbated if the given injury requires surgical intervention. Rehabilitation aids in reducing these regressions and is important both pre-surgery and post-surgery when intervention beyond rehabilitation is needed. Ultrasound imaging can be utilized to monitor the progression of a muscle's specific muscles anatomy. The muscles of interest are dependent upon the injury, The purpose of this study is to monitor short-term muscular adaptations to establish their importance in …

Guidelines For “Topics Brief” Submissions, James W. Navalta, Robert Salatto, Donald L. Hoover, Andrea Stevenson

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 6, 2023. The “Topics Brief”, a novel submissions format, is introduced with authors guidelines. Within this submissions format, a category describing a target audience should be identified, such as Topics Brief for: Patients, Clinicians, Practitioners, or Students. Authors may also suggest their own category for a target audience. The title should be descriptive and allow for maximum searchability. Authorship criteria include a substantial contribution, assisting with the manuscript draft, and approval of the final version. The format is open, with a focus of presenting work in a clear and …

Introducing The “Topics Brief”: Bridging The Gap Between University And Non-Academics In A Potentially More Meaningful Way, James W. Navalta, Robert Salatto, Donald L. Hoover, Andrea Stevenson

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 5, 2023. Introducing the “Topics Brief”, aiming to bridge the gap between university and non-academics. Topics Briefs should include the following: 1. Share what was done to a non-academic audience, 2. Condensed format (limited to 1-2 pages, 1 page preferred), 3. Include only the most important parts (i.e., main concepts, main results, main learned experience) to be implemented in practical application, 4. May be heavily visual (we encourage authors to be creative)

Stretch Activation During Fatigue Improves Relative Force Production In Fast-Contracting Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fibers, Philip C. Woods

Masters Theses

Stretch activation (F_SA) is the delayed increase in fiber specific tension (force per cross-sectional area) following a rapid stretch and can improve muscle performance during repetitive cyclical contractions. Historically considered minimal in skeletal muscle, our recent work showed the ratio ofstretch- to calcium-activated specific tension (F_SA/F₀) increased from 10 to 40% with greater inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels in soleus muscle fibers (Straight et al., 2019). Given Pi increases with muscle fatigue, we hypothesize that F_SA helps maintain force generation during fatigue. To test this, F_SA, induced by a stretch of 0.5% …

Effect Of Substitution Time On Physical, Technical And Cognitive Performance In Sub-Elite Male Field Hockey Players, Thomas W. Spooner, Andrew T. West, Mark Et Willems

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 497-512, 2023. We examined the effects of substitution time (i.e., recovery time) in a simulated field hockey test on physical, technical and perceptual/cognitive performance. Nine sub-elite male field hockey players (age: 20 ± 2 yrs, height: 1.81 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 71 ± 10 kg, body fat: 10.3 ± 3.7%, O_2max: 67 ± 3 completed four 8-min 40-s bouts of high-intensity intermittent exercise with 2-min and 5.5-min substitution time replicating the demands of a 4-quarter field hockey match. After each bout, a 15-m maximal sprint, agility/dribbling test, passing accuracy test, and …

Effect Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training On Control Of Involuntary Muscular Torque And Stimulation Intensity In Older Adults, Kyndall P. Ramirez, Nigel C. Jiwan, Joni A. Mettler Ph.D

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(3): 482-496, 2023. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training regimen on involuntary torque output and electrical stimulation intensity in older adults. Twelve older adults (ages: 68.4 ± 6.5 years; men: n = 6, women: n = 6; weight: 158.6 ± 27.3 lbs; height: 65.2 ± 2.1 in) received submaximal intensity NMES to the quadriceps for 4 weeks to determine training-related changes in stimulation intensity and involuntary control of muscular torque during the NMES protocol. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare torque …

A Comparison Of Continuous And Interval Exercise On Cognition In Young Adults, Emily C. Tagesen, Lawrence W. Judge, David M. Bellar

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(5): 458-468, 2023. Exercise stimulates the production and secretion of testosterone, cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and affects cognitive performance. However, the interaction of these variables is unknown. To investigate these interactions, 21 college-aged men completed two work-matched exercise protocols: continuous (CONT) exercise and an interval protocol (INT). Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after exercise to quantify BDNF, cortisol, and testosterone. Participants completed a battery of cognitive assessments after exercise. A MANOVA analysis of condition demonstrated that no domains were significantly different after CONT and INT (p > 0.05). A repeated …

Blood Flow Restriction Attenuates Muscle Damage In Resistance Exercise Performed Until Concentric Muscle Failure., Victor Magalhães Curty, Paulo Vinicios Camuzi Zovico, Rafael Barrera Salgueiro, Leonardo Carvalho Caldas, Richard Diego Leite, Nuno Manuel Frade Souza, Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira, Valério Garrone Barauna

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 469-481, 2023. The present study aimed to evaluate whether blood flow restriction (BFR) can prevent exercise-induced muscle damage in resistance exercise (RE) performed until concentric muscle failure (CMF). Twenty healthy volunteers (25 ± 4 years, 80.4 ± 11.8 kg, 175 ± 8 cm) performed three sets of unilateral biceps curl exercise (40% of 1RM) with (RE + BFR) and without (RE) BFR until CMF. A third condition was to perform the same number of repetitions as RE + BFR without using BFR (matched). Performing fewer repetitions, RE + BFR caused muscle fatigue post-exercise as …

The Effects Of Joint Angle And Anchoring Scheme On Performance Fatigability And Neuromuscular Responses Following Isometric Forearm Flexion Tasks To Failure, Jocelyn E. Arnett, Robert W. Smith, Tyler J. Neltner, John Paul V. Anders, Dolores G. Ortega, Terry J. Housh, Richard J. Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

NeuroSports

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of joint angle on MVIC and neuromuscular responses at task failure following sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks anchored to a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 8 (RPE = 8) and anchored to the initial torque that corresponded to RPE = 8 (TRQ). Methods: Ten women (age: 21.0 ± 2.8 yrs; height: 168.5 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 68.0 ± 7.2 kg) performed 2, 3 s MVICs at joint angles (JA) of 75°, 100°, and 125° (randomized order) before and after sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks to failure at …

Walking Easier By Attaching A Spring-Mass To The Body: A Preliminary Simulation, Hiva Razavi, Philippe Malcolm

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

When carrying or pushing a load, more force is needed to accelerate and decelerate the additional mass, increasing Ground Reaction Force (GRF). However, this can be reduced by synchronizing the object's movement with the individual's Center of Mass (COM) using antiphase acceleration and deceleration. Past studies have shown this can decrease muscle work and metabolic costs. This study aimed to determine optimal spring parameters to minimize horizontal GRF (GRFh) when pushing a cart by connecting the human to the cart with a spring and damper system.

Three walking conditions were simulated in MATLAB: 1) Normal walking; 2) Walking with a …