Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation Commons^™

Portable U-Bent Optical Fiber Biosensor For Detecting Microcystin-Lr, Quan Dio Anh Le

All Theses

Cyanobacteria are the only known prokaryotes that can photosynthesize. Due to their unique ability, they are important entities in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. However, two factors can turn cyanobacteria into a nuisance. In general, eutrophication is the process that supplies external nutrients that are needed for cyanobacteria blooms into bodies of water from the surrounding environment. Climate warming intensifies this process by producing carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. With cyanobacteria blooms occurring worldwide, they are becoming a bigger threat to human health, and there has been increased interest in detecting cyanobacteria and their toxic byproducts.

For instance, …

Radiomic Features To Predict Overall Survival Time For Patients With Glioblastoma Brain Tumors Based On Machine Learning And Deep Learning Methods, Lina Chato

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Machine Learning (ML) methods including Deep Learning (DL) Methods have been employed in the medical field to improve diagnosis process and patient’s prognosis outcomes. Glioblastoma multiforme is an extremely aggressive Glioma brain tumor that has a poor survival rate. Understanding the behavior of the Glioblastoma brain tumor is still uncertain and some factors are still unrecognized. In fact, the tumor behavior is important to decide a proper treatment plan and to improve a patient’s health. The aim of this dissertation is to develop a Computer-Aided-Diagnosis system (CADiag) based on ML/DL methods to automatically estimate the Overall Survival Time (OST) for …

Predicting The Progression Of Diabetes Mellitus Using Dynamic Plantar Pressure Parameters, Mathew Sunil Varre

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the common complications of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Changes in the intrinsic plantar tissue coupled with repetitive mechanical loads and loss of sensation may lead to foot related complications (skin break down, ulcerations, and amputations) in persons with neuropathy if left untreated. The purpose of this dissertation was to stratify individuals with pre-diabetes, diabetes with and without neuropathy using dynamic plantar pressure parameters during walking, using machine learning algorithms.Methods: Plantar pressure data was collected from one hundred participants during walking with pressure measuring insoles fixed between the feet and thin socks. Simultaneously high-definition …

Insole Fall Prevention Device, Nick M. Hughes, Andrew M. Slaboda

Biomedical Engineering

Falls among the aging population occur every single day, with 1 in every 5 resulting in some injury and 300,000 hospitalized every year with a hip fracture [1]. The most popular and effective way to mitigate these falls is through physical therapist intervention. However, with the increased popularity in telerehab, many patients at risk for falls cannot accurately convey their gait tendencies to their physical therapists from the comfort of their home or while not in direct contact with the PT. A device like an insole, implanted with force sensors, which measures different parts of a patient’s foot, could convey …

Evaluating The Use Of Nintendo Labo As A Rehabilitation Tool, Jacob Colwell, Logan Suiter, Amanda Wells

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Serious gaming is the practice of using video games, either commercial or specifically designed, for physical rehabilitation. Serious games have emerged in the last decade as a way to increase patient involvement in rehabilitation, increase the likelihood of patients continuing treatment after progress stalls, and generally increase mental health during treatment. However, the current literature has not kept pace with the evolution of technology and therefore the use of next-generation consoles for serious gaming is underdeveloped.

The Nintendo Switch could provide new avenues for serious gaming because of the advanced sensing ability of its controllers (Joy-Cons) and the engaging ways …

Design And Computational Validation Of A Shear Stress Bioreactor For Conditioning Vascular Tissue To Time-Varying Multidirectional Fluid Shear Stress, Rajeshwari Raja, Philippe Sucosky, Jason Shar

Symposium of Student Scholars

Design and Computational Validation of a Shear Stress Bioreactor for Conditioning Vascular Tissue to Time-Varying Multidirectional Fluid Shear Stress

Author: Rajeshwari Raja Mentor: Dr. Jason A. Shar Department of Mechanical Engineering Kennesaw State University 1100 South Marietta Pkwy SE, 30060

Altered biological environments and conditions, such as microgravity and pregnancy, can impact vascular blood flow and, in turn, generate fluid wall shear stress (WSS; frictional force generated on the tissue surface due to blood flow) abnormalities. These abnormalities are known to affect cardiovascular tissue biology and can be replicated experimentally using a cone-and-plate shear stress bioreactor. This device exposes tissue …

Development Of A Wearable Device For Monitoring And Predicting Human Health In Emergencies, Mukhriddin Arabboev, Shohruh Begmatov, Khabibullo Nosirov, Jean Chamberlain Chedjou, Kyandoghere Kyamakya

Technical science and innovation

In recent years, natural disasters and various similar emergencies have caused many people to leave this world early. The need for the use of modern technologies in emergencies is growing day by day. Various modern devices, techniques and methods are used in post-disaster search and rescue operations. The issue of finding a survivor is very important in post-disaster operations. The vital signs of humans are very important in determining the survival of humans. Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), Respiration rate (breathing rate), and Body Temperature (BT) values are considered four essential vital signs that must be measured regularly. In …

Senior Subject Gait Analysis Using Self-Supervised Method, Haben Yhdego, Michel Audette

Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Student Capstone Conference

There are many issues regarding the technology used for fall detection gait analysis in the geriatric center of senior patients. The fall detection system used should examine the privacy of the patients and the flexibility of the system. Several researchers have developed fall detection using wearable sensors due to their flexibility and nature of privacy. Most of those developed methods are supervised deep learning methods. However, data annotation is expensive because we use camera video recording and playback of each participant’s recorded video to label the data. Moreover, labelling using a camera recording limits the flexible and private nature of …

Volume Introduction, I. Glenn Cohen, Timo Minssen, W. Nicholson Price Ii, Christopher Robertson, Carmel Shachar

Other Publications

Medical devices have historically been less regulated than their drug and biologic counterparts. A benefit of this less demanding regulatory regime is facilitating innovation by making new devices available to consumers in a timely fashion. Nevertheless, there is increasing concern that this approach raises serious public health and safety concerns. The Institute of Medicine in 2011 published a critique of the American pathway allowing moderate-risk devices to be brought to the market through the less-rigorous 501(k) pathway,1 flagging a need for increased postmarket review and surveillance. High-profile recalls of medical devices, such as vaginal mesh products, along with reports globally …

Synthesis Of Thiol-Acrylate Hydrogels For 3d Cell Culture And Microfluidic Applications, Anowar Hossain Khan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Globally cell culture is an $18.98 billion industry as of 2020, with an 11.6 percent annual growth rate. Drug discovery has an estimated worth of $69.8 billion in 2020 and is predicted to grow to $110.4 billion by 2025. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture of cancer cells is one of the rapidly growing felids since it better recapitulates in vivo conditions compared to two-dimensional (2D) models. However, it is challenging to grow 3D tumor spheroids outside the body, and some of the existing technology can generate these spheroids outside the human body but poorly mimic in vivo tumor models. Therefore, there …

Abbott Lab Instrumentation Validation, Brandon James Mukai, Bosung Josh Kim

Biomedical Engineering: Graduate Reports and Projects

Over the past 40 years, since the initial catheter ablation procedure was completed, cardiac mapping has become an essential part of electrophysiological procedures. Cardiac mapping is an electrophysiological study that allows physicians to analyze the electrical activity of the heart in order to diagnose and treat cardiovascular disease. Institutions like Cal Poly can utilize professional instrumentation systems with an appropriate wet lab to develop new devices and study various phenomena in an in-vitro physiological environment. Cardiac mapping systems used in tandem with catheter ablation procedures are essential to ensuring that the trend of deaths due to cardiovascular disease continues to …

Minivette Integrated Sample Prep Funnel For Cepheid Cartridges, Hanna N. Blumer, Sophia Arias, Camille Porciuncula, Ben Runkle

Biomedical Engineering

This report covers the redesign of the Sample Prep Funnel for Cepheid’s engineering team. The Sample Prep Funnel, responsible for relaying liquid from the sample collection device to the testing cartridge, experiences fluid loss that causes invalid test results. Our group's task was to redesign this funnel to minimize fluid loss and, overall, increase efficiency and effectiveness.

Integration Of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy For Multichannel Cell Culture Measurement, Conard Chan

Master's Theses

ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (EIS) has been widely used to study the electrical properties of biological material due to its non-invasive nature and experimental reliability. However, most of the precision impedance analyzers used in EIS only provide single- or two-channel measurements which are inadequate for larger-scale multiplexed measurements, such as those found in modern microfluidic cell culture experiments. The Biomedical Microsystems Laboratory has developed a 16-channel cell culture platform with integrated electrode arrays for monitoring cell growth and electrical properties (i.e., the so-called “electrical phenotype”). In this paper, a system consisting of a 16-channel solid-state analog multiplexer (MUX)paired with a low-cost, …

In Vitro Mitral Valve Model With Unrestricted Ventricular Access: Using Vacuum To Close The Valve And Enable Static Trans-Mitral Pressure, Sam E. Stephens, Alexander J. Kammien, Jacob C. Paris, Alexis P. Applequist, Neil B. Ingels, Hanna K. Jensen, Drew E. Rodgers, Charles R. Cole, Jonathan F. Wenk, Morten O. Jensen

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Current in vitro models of the left heart establish the pressure difference required to close the mitral valve by sealing and pressurizing the ventricular side of the valve, limiting important access to the subvalvular apparatus. This paper describes and evaluates a system that establishes physiological pressure differences across the valve using vacuum on the atrial side. The subvalvular apparatus is open to atmospheric pressure and accessible by tools and sensors, establishing a novel technique for experimentation on atrioventricular valves. Porcine mitral valves were excised and closed by vacuum within the atrial chamber. Images were used to document and analyze closure …

Controlled Voltage Of Hot Snare Polypectomy Device In Electrosurgical Device, Saidi Olayinka Olalere

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The study is used to understand the working procedure of the Olympus PSD-30 Electrosurgical Unit which a high-frequency alternating current is to measure the voltage and power output from the unit when used for a surgical operation to determine the extent of tissue damage. The output power and voltage were as examined with the stopwatch, then with an Arduino time based for 1, 2, and 3 seconds to understand the different modes of the cut and coagulation feedback with an RCC circuit used to mimic the human body. This shows a pattern in which the feedback power increases, and voltage …

An Electrochemical, Fluidic, Chip-Based Biosensor For Biomarker Detection, Lauren Bell

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

Biosensors and their use in both the research and clinical field for the detection and monitoring of critical biomarkers are prevalent and constantly improving. However, continued research needs to be done to address shortcomings, such as low sensitivity, poor specificity, and poor readiness for integration into research use and patient care. The objective of this research was to create a combined fluidic, chip-based biosensor that could detect different biomarkers with high sensitivity and ease of use. For assessing the developed sensor, three separate biomarkers were tested: glucose, cholesterol, and oxygen. Both the glucose biosensor and cholesterol biosensor were combined with …

Numerical And Scaling Study On Application Of Inkjet Technology To Automotive Coating, Masoud Arabghahestani Dr.

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

A thorough literature review identified lack of precision control over quality of droplets generated by the currently available industrial sprayers and a growing need for higher quality droplets in the coating industry. Particularly, lack of knowledge and understanding in continuous inkjets (CIJ) and drop-on-demand (DOD) technologies is identified as significant. Motivated by these needs, this dissertation is dedicated to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and scaling studies to improve existing inkjet technologies and develop new designs of efficient coating with single and/or multiple piezoelectric sensors to produce on-demand droplets. This dissertation study aims at developing a new DOD type coating technology, …

The Lognometer: A New Normalized And Computerized Device For Assessing The Neurodevelopment Of Fine Motor Control In Children, Christian O'Reilly, Rejean Plamondon, Nadir Faci

Publications

Motor skills are fundamental for the development of children. Neurodevelopmental tests currently used by professionals for measuring motor control maturity exhibit several limitations. To address some of these, we have designed the Lognometer, a tablet-based device that can run computerized neuromotor tests. To normalize this tool against a representative population, we collected handwritten triangles from 780 children. We used the Sigma-Lognormal model and a prototype-based parameter estimation algorithm to analyze these movements. To ensure clinical acceptance, we developed an explainable solution relying on statistical regression. We evaluated how well the proposed lognormal decomposition captures the motor control maturation between 6 …

Radial Artery Model For Catheterization Procedures, Kyla Beville, Mitchell Gagnon, Benjamin Stalls, Maya Ariza

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this project was to create a radial artery model that is usable under ultrasound that would reduce complications during catheterization procedures. Each year, over one million of these procedures are done and complications can affect the outcomes of the patient. Using ultrasound during these procedures is an upcoming way to reduce these complications and improve the outcome that a patient will have.

Totally Tubulair - Adjustable Nasal Cannula, Megan Bruns, Emily Mcgrath, Angelina Marchio, Olivia Renkel

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Many individuals require short-term and long-term oxygen therapy. These users experience discomfort and problems with the standard nasal cannula that are compounded by issues with oxygen sources being heavy with limited supply and tubing getting tangled, kinked, or not providing enough mobility. The objective of this project was to address ergonomic issues with oxygen therapy devices to increase the ease of use for healthcare workers, patients, and families. By following the engineering design process, a prototype was developed for a nasal cannula with interchangeable prongs. The new design allows users to select a prong size that is more comfortable for …

Cochlear Implant Training Model, Devin Baughn, Sidney Mingle, Aaron Bowman

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Currently available training methods for cochlear implant surgeries such as cadavers and imaging systems are expensive and available for a limited number of training sessions. With the goal of decreasing risk factors associated with cochlear implant surgery, our team developed a cochlear implant training model prototype that is designed to provide a trial-and-error, tactile training method for developing force perception levels required to avoid causing damage to the cochlea. This model is designed to utilize a disposable material that ruptures when exposed to critical force levels. A material testing device was developed and utilized to test an assortment of easily …

Contact Simulation For Evaluating Patient Specific Surgical Guide Stability, Vincent Nierste

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study proposes a novel computational method to quantify guide stability for Patient Specific Instrumentation (PSI) guides. A finite element contact model was used to analyze the final position of PSI guides on a femur across a range of loading parameters representing forces applied by a surgeon during operative use. Separate segmentation methods were used for the guide and bone geometry to represent differences between segmentation and actual patient geometry. The region of loading parameters over which the guide exhibited a consistent final position was measured and reported as Guide Stability Score. The model was verified using cadaver specimens for …

Impact Of Percutaneous Transluminal Intervention On Vascular Hypoxia And The Role Of Micro-Calcifications On Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture, Andrea Corti

Dissertations and Theses

Atherosclerotic disease is initiated by cholesterol build-up beneath the endothelium, which evolves into a fibroatheroma, a lipid-rich plaque covered by a fibrous cap. Many of these plaques are considered as vulnerable, as they grow to occlude the luminal section of the artery (chronically stenotic) or become mechanically unstable with a higher chance of rupturing (rupture-prone). On one hand, chronically stenotic vulnerable plaques are symptomatic lesions that are often treated with Percutaneous Transluminal Intervention (PTI). Unfortunately, approximately 10% of PTI procedures are followed by severe Neointima Hyperplasia (NH), which causes a new occlusion and failure of the implant. A significant precursor …

Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Neuromodulation Of The Rat Hippocampus, Duc Nguyen

Dissertations and Theses

Techniques to non-invasively modulate brain activity are important for mapping human brain circuits, and also for the treatment of a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders marked by aberrant brain activity. Though a wide range of techniques for non-invasive neuromodulation have been proposed, the conventional approaches suffer from significant limitations. Most notably, focal stimulation of deep brain regions is presently only possible with invasive optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches that require craniotomies and genetic access to the brain.

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) possesses many of the characteristics desirable from a neuromodulation approach: non-invasiveness, a spatial resolution in the order of …

Combinatorial Approaches For Effective Design, Synthesis, And Optimization Of Enzyme-Based Conjugates, Jordan Scott Chapman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The specificity and efficiency with which enzymes catalyze selective chemical reactions far exceeds the performance of traditional heterogeneous catalysts that are predominant in industrial applications such as conversion of commodity chemicals to value-added products, fuel cells, and petroleum refinement. Moreover, biocatalysts exhibit exceptionally high product turnover at ambient conditions with little health and environmental burden. These advantageous qualities have led to the prolific use of enzyme catalysis in pharmaceutical, detergents, and food preservation industries wherein their use has greatly reduced waste generation, Unfortunately, the full slate of benefits that enzymes can impart to a broader range of chemical processes is …

Nano-, Encapsulated Manganese Oxide (Nemo) Particles For Mri Enhancement In Microfluidic Tumor Models, Kasey Alexis Freshwater

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Breast cancer is among the deadliest cancers in women, with approximately 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths reported globally in 2020 alone. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is commonly used to diagnose, stage, and develop treatment plans for patients predisposed to breast cancer. However, current MRI-based screening of breast cancer has high false-positive rates up to 25%, leading to unnecessary invasive follow-up screening and testing. The gold-standard intravenous gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) account for false-positive rates because they are always “ON”, providing a constant MRI signal that highlights both benign and malignant tumors. The work detailed in this thesis …

Part I - Ai And Data As Medical Devices, W. Nicholson Price Ii

Other Publications

It may seem counterintuitive to open a book on medical devices with chapters on software and data, but these are the frontiers of new medical device regulation and law. Physical devices are still crucial to medicine, but they – and medical practice as a whole – are embedded in and permeated by networks of software and caches of data. Those software systems are often mindbogglingly complex and largely inscrutable, involving artificial intelligence and machine learning. Ensuring that such software works effectively and safely remains a substantial challenge for regulators and policymakers. Each of the three chapters in this part examines …

Detecting Viral Particles In Vitro Using Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry, Anie-Pier Samson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Covid-19 pandemic is a powerful example of just how damaging the rapid spread of an unknown virus can be. Viruses have the ability to spread rapidly amongst individuals if not treated and controlled. The first key step towards treatment is the timely and specific diagnosis of the virus causing the infection. An innovative method for the rapid detection of viral particles in solution consists of tagging the viral particles paired with using photoacoustic flow cytometry to irradiate the particles and get a signal. The high affinity of Streptavidin for Biotin can be used to bind Streptavidin-coated microspheres to biotinylated …

3-In-1 Medical Lancet, Jonathan J. Panella, Gage Vogtlin, Marissa Koski, Benjamin Neyland

Mechanical Engineering

First responders need a quick, sterile, and convenient way to sample blood for glucose testing because glucose levels are a vital metric in assessing time-critical emergency situations. The blood sampling process consists of pre-sterilizing the sample site on the skin with an alcohol pad, pricking the skin with a lancet, and lastly, after sampling, putting a bandage over the prick site. The scope of this project is to design a device which integrates and streamlines the use of the three sub-processes (sterilization, lancing, and bandaging) while upholding the necessary requirements of a single-use medical device and considering other factors which …

Tailoring Of The Left Ventricular Assist Device Cannula Implantation Using Coupled Multi-Scale Multi-Objective Patient Specific Optimization., Abubakar Dankano

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Despite advancements in device design and anti-coagulation treatments, there are numerous adverse events that may occur following implantation of LVADs. The most devastating involves the embolization of thrombus into the brain causing a stroke, with incidence of up to 14-47% over a 6–12-month period. This study aims to elucidate ways to reduce this risk by surgical maneuvers guided by a multi-scale computational fluid dynamics analysis wrapped around a multi-objective shape optimization scheme which optimizes the anastomosis location of the VAD outflow graft (OG) along the ascending aorta to minimize the incidence of thrombi reaching the cerebral vessels and reduce particle …