Endocrine System Diseases Commons^™

Noninvasive Assessment And Modeling Of Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy, Siqi Wang

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

Noninvasive assessment of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (AN): Cardiac and vascular dysfunctions resulting from AN are complications of diabetes, often undiagnosed. Our objectives were to: 1) determine sympathetic and parasympathetic components of compromised blood pressure regulation in patients with polyneuropathy, and 2) rank noninvasive indexes for their sensitivity in diagnosing AN. Continuous 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), blood pressure (BP), respiration, regional blood flow and bio-impedance were recorded from 12 able-bodied subjects (AB), 7 diabetics without (D0), 7 with possible (D1) and 8 with definite polyneuropathy (D2), during 10 minutes supine control, 30 minutes 70-degree head-up tilt and 5 minutes supine recovery. …

Correlates Of Morbidity And Mortality In Severe Necrotizing Pancreatitis, K. M. Pal, Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Mohammad Tayyeb, S. M. Faisal Mosharraf, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Acute severe pancreatitis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and frequently is accompanied by underlying pancreatic parenchymal necrosis. Patients with pancreatic necrosis must be identified, because the morbidity and mortality rate in this subgroup is much higher. Our objective was to compare the clinical outcomes of these patients based on the degree of pancreatic necrosis. A total of 35 patients were noted to have pancreatic necrosis. These were divided into 2 groups based on extent of necrosis: group A had less than 50% necrosis and group B had more than 50% necrosis. The rate of mortality (5% versus …

Primary Cilia Regulates The Directional Migration And Barrier Integrity Of Endothelial Cells Through The Modulation Of Hsp27 Dependent Actin Cytoskeletal Organization, Thomas J. Jones, Ravi K. Adapala, Werner J. Geldenhuys, Chris Bursley, Wissam A. Aboualaiwi, Surya M. Nauli, Charles K. Thodeti

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Cilia are mechanosensing organelles that communicate extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Altered functions of primary cilia play a key role in the development of various diseases including polycystic kidney disease. Here, we show that endothelial cells from the oak ridge polycystic kidney (Tg737orpk/orpk) mouse, with impaired cilia assembly, exhibit a reduction in the actin stress fibers and focal adhesions compared to wild type. In contrast, endothelial cells from polycystin-1 deficient mice (pkd1null/null), with impaired cilia function, display robust stress fibers and focal adhesion assembly. We found that the Tg737orpk/orpk cells exhibit impaired directional migration and endothelial cell monolayer permeability compared …

Post Gastric Bypass Hypoglycemia: Four Cases Treated Successfully With Alphaglucosidase Inhibitor Therapy, Shavon S. Frankhouser Do, Aakif N. Ahmad Do, Gretchen A. Perilli Md, Benjamin J. Quintana Md, Marc A. Vengrove Do, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Volume Measures Using A Digital Image Analysis System Are Reliable In Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Sue Gardner, Rita Frantz, Stephen Hillis, Thomas Blodgett, Lorraine Femino, Shannon Lehman

Thomas Blodgett

Reliable measures of wound size are critical to wound healing research and clinical management. Measurement of full-thickness wounds is increasingly being done using digital images and photogrammetric software, such as VeVMD (Vista Medical, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada), to estimate wound volume. The reliability of VeVMD in determining wound volume is unknown. The present study sought to examine the reliability of wound volume measurements obtained using VeVMD.

Compound 49b: A Novel Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist In The Treatment Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Kimberly Williams-Guy

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working Americans. While there are therapeutic regimens for the disease, more effective methods are needed. We have previously shown that a non-specific beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, was effective in preventing functional and morphological changes associated with diabetic retinopathy in the rat. Isoproterenol also produced left ventricle remodeling suggesting it entered the systemic circulation. We therefore synthesized various novel beta-adrenergic receptor compounds and screened these compounds in vitro for their ability to reduce markers of inflammation and apoptosis. Of the various compounds tested, Compound 49b was able to reduce both inflammation and …

Elsa-Brasil: Historico [In Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Vigilância Em Doença Cerebrovascular [Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Calcium-Mediated Mechanisms Of Cystic Expansion, Shakila Abdul-Majeed, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

In this review, we will discuss several well-accepted signaling pathways toward calcium-mediated mechanisms of cystic expansion. The second messenger calcium ion has contributed to a vast diversity of signal transduction pathways. We will dissect calcium signaling as a possible mechanism that contributes to renal cyst formation. Because cytosolic calcium also regulates an array of signaling pathways, we will first discuss cilia-induced calcium fluxes, followed by Wnt signaling that has attributed to much-discussed planar cell polarity. We will then look at the relationship between cytosolic calcium and cAMP as one of the most important aspects of cyst progression. The signaling of …

Frequency Of Silent Myocardial Ischaemia In Diabetics: A Single Centre Study, Adil Sheikh, Syed Shah Faisal, Abdul Jabbar

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To find the frequency of silent myocardial ischaemia in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics.

METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted between November 2008 and March 2010. Two hundred subjects were recruited by convenience sampling after informed consent. All were subjected to an exercise stress test. Electrocardiographic changes were noted for silent Ischaemia Descriptive Statistics were applied for significance.

RESULT: Of the 200 subjects included in the study, 31 had diabetes and 1 69 were non-diabetics. The mean age was 46 +/- 10 years. Twenty eight subjects tested positive for silent ischaemia, of whom six were diabetics (19%) …

Multiple Protein Kinases Determine The Phosphorylated State Of The Small Heat Shock Protein, Hsp27, In Sh-Sy5y Neuroblastoma Cells, Linda A. Dokas, Amy M. Malone, Frederick E. Williams, Surya M. Nauli, William S. Messer Jr.

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, stimulates phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Carbachol increases phosphorylation of both Ser-82 and Ser-78 while the phorbol ester, phorbol-12, 13-dibutyrate (PDB) affects only Ser-82. Muscarinic receptor activation by carbachol was confirmed by sensitivity of Ser-82 phosphorylation to hyoscyamine with no effect of nicotine or bradykinin. This response to carbachol is partially reduced by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with GF 109203X and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) with SB 203580. In contrast, phosphorylation produced by PDB is completely reversed by GF 109203X or CID 755673, an …

Strategies To Reduce Disease Burden From Diabetes And Hypertension In Developing World, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Screening And Management Of Diabetes During Pregnancy On Stillbirths, Madiha Syed, Hasan Javed, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with significant risk of complications to the mother, fetus and newborn. We reviewed the potential impact of early detection and control of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy on stillbirths for possible inclusion in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST).

Methods:

A systematic literature search up to July 2010 was done to identify all published randomized controlled trials and observational studies. A standardized data abstraction sheet was employed and data were abstracted by two independent authors. Meta-analyses were performed with different sub-group analyses. The analyses were graded according to the CHERG rules using the adapted GRADE criteria …

Can We Stop The Stroke Epidemic In Pakistan?, Ismail A. Khatri, Mohammad Wasay

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With Tacrolimus In Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, Muhammad Qamar Masood, Madiha Rabbani, Wasim Jafri, Manal Habib, Taimur Saleem

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Diabetic ketoacidosis in patients receiving tacrolimus in the post-transplant setting is rare. We describe two such cases in solid-organ transplant recipients. The first patient, a 17-year-old male, presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis and was managed with intravenous fluids and insulin infusion. He was a known case of Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome and had received a renal transplant 2 years ago and was receiving tacrolimus since then. Although diabetic ketoacidosis resolved in 24 hours, large doses of subcutaneous insulin (upto 130 units per day) were needed to keep serum glucose within the normal range. Substitution of tacrolimus with cyclosporine obviated the need for …

Spurious Hyperkalaemia: An Insight, Khawaja Salman Zaki, Uzma Majid, Najmul Islam

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Hyperkalaemia is a common electrolyte disorder with potentially lethal consequences and can lead to life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. Spurious hyperkalaemia, also known as pseudohyperkalaemia or factitious hyperkalaemiais, is also quite common in clinical practice and it's a source of avoidable emergency department visits or hospital admissions. We report a case in which alarming hyperkalaemia was found in a patient having Chronic Monomyelocytic Leukaemia on two different occasions, later diagnosed to be spurious.

Prevalence Of Thyroid Disorders Among Older People: Results From The São Paulo Ageing & Health Study, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

This study aimed to estimate prevalence of thyroid disorders in the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study, an epidemiological study addressing several health-adverse outcomes among elderly people living in a poor area of São Paulo, Brazil. All participants answered a questionnaire and had a blood sample collected to assess levels of tireotropic hormone and free-thyroxine. Among 1,373 people (60.8% women), prevalence rates (95% confidence interval) for thyroid dysfunction (%) were: overt hyperthyroidism, 0.7% (0.2-1.1) [women: 0.8% (0.2-1.5); men: 0.4% (0.01-0.9)]; overt hypothyroidism, 5.7% (4.5-6.9) [women: 5.9% (4.3-7.5); men: 5.4% (3.5-7.3)]; subclinical hyperthyroidism, 2.4% (1.6-3.2) [women: 2.8% (1.6-3.9); men: 1.9% (0.7-3.0)]; …

Self-Glucose Monitoring And Glycaemic Control At A Tertiary Care University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Khurshid Khowaja, Humaira Waheed

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) levels and improved glycemic control (HbA1c level) among type 2 diabetic patients, receiving oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin, and to ascertain the factors influencing SMBG.

METHOD: Using Comparative cross sectional study design five hundred Type 2 diabetes patients through convenient sampling between 30-70 years were interviewed through a structured questionnaire in year 2006 and 2007 at AKUH Ambulatory setting. These 500 subjects were divided as 250 in case (doing SMBG) and 250 in control (not doing SMBG) groups.

RESULTS: We identified that HbA1c value was maintained at good …

Energy Webs And Nursing Praxis: Patterning In The Lived Experience Of Type 2 Diabetes, Karen Marcus Glasenapp

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Diabetes is an illness best described as costly, complex, chronic, and epidemic in the United States, affecting nearly 24 million children and adults; 90% of who have type 2 diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). On average, every 20 seconds in the United States, an individual 20 years of age and older receives a diagnosis of diabetes; yet, an estimated 6 million people with the disease remain undiagnosed (American Diabetes Association, 2010b). The financial burden of this disease, the inconsistent effectiveness of well-intentioned diabetes programs to educate and actualize change behavior, and the limited resources of millions of …

Pufa And Vitamin D And Type 2 Diabetes Inflammatory Markers, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.