Neoplasms Commons^™

Characterization Of Differentiation And Prognostic Biomarkers On Cd8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes In Metastatic Melanoma, Richard C. Wu

UT GSBS Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) frequently infiltrate tumors, yet most melanoma patients fail to undergo tumor regression. We studied the differentiation of the CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 44 metastatic melanoma patients using known T-cell differentiation markers. We also compared CD8⁺ TIL against the T cells from matched melanoma patients’ peripheral blood. We discovered a novel subset of CD8⁺ TIL co-expressing early-differentiation markers, CD27, CD28, and a late/senescent CTL differentiation marker, CD57. This CD8⁺CD57⁺ TIL expressed a cytolytic enzyme, granzyme B (GB), yet did not express another cytolytic pore-forming molecule, perforin (Perf). In contrast, the CD8⁺CD57⁺ T ...

Informationist Support For A Study Of The Role Of Proteases And Peptides In Cancer Pain, Alisa Surkis, Aileen Mccrillis, Richard Mcgowan, Jeffrey Williams, Brian L. Schmidt, Markus Hardt, Neil Rambo

Journal of eScience Librarianship

Two supplements were awarded to the New York University Health Sciences Libraries from the National Library of Medicine's informationist grant program. These supplements funded research support in a number of areas, including data management and bioinformatics, two fields that the library had recently begun to explore. As such, the supplements were of particular value to the library as a testing ground for these newer services.

This paper will discuss a supplement received in support of a grant from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (PI: Brian Schmidt) on the role of proteases and peptides in cancer pain ...

Tumour Heterogeneity And Treatment: One Step Forward Or Two Steps Back?, Branavan Manoranjan, Mohsin Ali

The Meducator

No abstract provided.

Mechanisms Underlying The Heterogeneous Sensitivities Of Cancer Cells To Proteasome Inhibitors, Matthew C. White

UT GSBS Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The mechanisms underlying cellular response to proteasome inhibitors have not been clearly elucidated in solid tumor models. Evidence suggests that the ability of a cell to manage the amount of proteotoxic stress following proteasome inhibition dictates survival. In this study using the FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade®) in solid tumor cells, we demonstrated that perhaps the most critical response to proteasome inhibition is repression of global protein synthesis by phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2-α subunit (eIF2α). In a panel of 10 distinct human pancreatic cancer cells, we showed marked heterogeneity in the ability of cancer cells to induce ...

Design And Synthesis Of Hif-1 Inhibitors As Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, Zeus De Los Santos

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Slow-Cycling Cancer Cells: A Dissertation, Nathan F. Moore

GSBS Dissertations and Theses

Tumor recurrence after chemotherapy is a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. Recurrences are thought to be due to small subsets of stem-like cancer cells that are able to survive chemotherapy and drive tumor re-growth. A more complete understanding of stem-like cancer cell regulation is required to develop therapies to better target and eliminate these cells.

Slow-cycling stem cells are integral components of adult epithelial tissues and may give rise to cancer stem cell populations that share similar characteristics. These slow-cycling adult stem cells are inherently resistant to traditional forms of chemotherapy and transference of this characteristic may help ...

Epidemiology And The Cancer Problem, Shakeeb Yunus

Cancer Concepts Textbook

Epidemiology is the study of populations using defined research methods to confirm the patterns and causes of disease and applying this information to improve the health of the populations. This branch of science is the basis for understanding the spread of diseases in a defined area or group of people. Epidemiologic studies have been instrumental in improving outcomes by establishing preventive and therapeutic measures for the incidence, prevalence and mortality from cancers. The incidence of malignancy in a country or in our world defines the magnitude of the cancer problem. This chapter in the Cancer Concepts textbook will introduce the ...

Diffusion Weighted Mr Imaging Of Ring Enhancing Brain Lesions, Muhammad Shahbaz Alam, Zafar Sajjad, Muhammad Azeemuddin, Zahid Anwar Khan, Fatima Mubarak, Waseem Akhtar

Department of Radiology

Objective: To evaluate the role of diffusion weighted imaging in differentiating the cause of ring enhancing brain lesions.

Study Design: Analytical, descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from March 2007 to July 2011. Methodology: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was performed on 37 patients having ring enhancing lesions on their post-contrast brain MRI scans. These lesions were characterized into neoplastic and abscess cavity on the basis of diffusion restriction. Correlation of all these findings was done with histopathology obtained in all these patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and ...

Malignancy Validation In A United States Registry Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Mark C. Fisher, Victoria Furer, Marc C. Hochberg, Jeffrey D. Greenberg, Joel M. Kremer, Jeffrey R. Curtis, George W. Reed, Leslie R. Harrold, Daniel H. Solomon

Open Access Articles

BACKGROUND: Physician reporting is commonly used to ascertain adverse events or outcomes measured in epidemiologic studies. However, little is known on the accuracy of physician reported malignancies compared to pertinent medical record review in large cohort studies.

METHODS: The Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) registry gathers physician-completed questionnaires for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, including request for information on incident malignancies, approximately every three months. For incident malignancies reported from October 1st, 2001, through December 31st, 2007, we retrospectively requested completion of a Targeted Adverse Event (TAE) form for additional information as well as primary source documents to ...

Height, Adiposity And Body Fat Distribution And Breast Density In Young Women, Joanne F. Dorgan, Catherine Klifa, John A. Shepherd, Brian L. Egleston, Peter O. Kwiterovich Jr., John H. Himes, Kelley P. Gabriel, Linda Van Horn, Linda G. Snetselaar, Victor J. Stevens, Bruce A. Barton, Alan M. Robson, Norman L. Lasser, Snehal Deshmukh, Nola M. Hylton

Open Access Articles

INTRODUCTION: Breast density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer, but determinants of breast density in young women remain largely unknown.

METHOD: Associations of height, adiposity and body fat distribution with percent dense breast volume (%DBV) and absolute dense breast volume (ADBV) were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 174 healthy women, 25-29 years old. Adiposity and body fat distribution were measured by anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while %DBV and ADBV were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Associations were evaluated using linear mixed effects models. All tests of statistical significance are 2-sided.

RESULTS: Height ...