Sensing Surfaces: A Non-Filamentous C. Albicans Response, 2021 University of Nebraska at Omaha
Sensing Surfaces: A Non-Filamentous C. Albicans Response, Elias Smith
Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects
Resulting infections of mucosal tissues by Candida albicans present difficulty in treatment due to the formation of biofilms and invasion of tissue directed by thigmo-tropic responses of hyphal cells. Initiation of biofilm formation, however, is largely dependent on yeast-form cells. Their ability to sense surfaces, however, has yet to be examined. In the present study, an initial genetic profiling of the surface sensing response by non-filamentous Candida albicans was generated. In order to assess the ability for yeast-form C. albicans cells to recognize surfaces, four differentially solidified YPD plate types were created using agar, noble agar, Gelrite, and carrageenan. Genetic …
Delineating The Upc2a Regulon In Candida Glabrata, 2021 University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Delineating The Upc2a Regulon In Candida Glabrata, Yu Li
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Candida glabrata is the second most common cause of invasive candidiasis. Intrinsic resistance has greatly limited the utility of the triazole antifungal, fluconazole, in the treatment of invasive fungal infection. The transcription factor Upc2 regulates the expression of sterol biosynthesis genes in yeast. Disrupting UPC2A in C. glabrata greatly increases its susceptibility to fluconazole (FLU) in both FLU-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates. Therefore, the Upc2A and its target genes represent a potential pathway for overcoming FLU resistance in C. glabrata. We aimed to delineate the Upc2A regulon to determine its target genes involved in FLU resistance. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis …
Tuberculoid Leprosy Masquerading As Erythema Induratum, 2021 Oak Hill Hospital
Tuberculoid Leprosy Masquerading As Erythema Induratum, Manuel Britto, Danish M. Siddiq, Michael Morgan, Anthony Dedea, Utpal Patel
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine
Introduction
Erythema Induratum (EI) is a relatively rare dermatologic disorder affecting subcutaneous fat tissue, which is often associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This report details the presentation, diagnosis and management in a 70-year-old female who presented with a painful erythematous annular rash at the clinic. The rash was later diagnosed as EI associated with Mycobacterium leprae, one rarely seen in literature.
Discussion
EI is a rare form of panniculitis that typically presents as a recurrent grouping of tender nodules and plaques on the posterior aspect of the lower legs. Although EI is considered idiopathic in most cases, it can be associated …
Challenges And Opportunities In Food Safety-A Review, 2021 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
Challenges And Opportunities In Food Safety-A Review, Iram Asim, Humaira Yasmeen
Journal of Bioresource Management
Food-borne diseases are the group of disorders that are caused by consuming food having microbial existence in it. So safe food handling is to make sure the lessening of detrimental effects in growth to the packaging of food to minimize health issues on consumers which otherwise can lead to large scale disease outburst. This review concludes the findings of the studies on how food is being handled from farm to fork, how airlines are contributing towards the spreading of diseases, how any negligence in any one of the steps can cause havoc to mankind in the light of the recent …
Pneumonia Radiograph Diagnosis Utilizing Deep Learning Network, 2021 Georgia Southern University
Pneumonia Radiograph Diagnosis Utilizing Deep Learning Network, Wesley O'Quinn
Honors College Theses
Pneumonia is a life-threatening respiratory disease caused by bacterial infection. The goal of this study is to develop an algorithm using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect visual signals for pneumonia in medical images and make a diagnosis. Although Pneumonia is prevalent, detection and diagnosis are challenging. The deep learning network AlexNet was utilized through transfer learning. A dataset consisting of 11,318 images was used for training, and a preliminary diagnosis accuracy of 72% was achieved.
A Covid-19 Risk Score Combining Chest Ct Radiomics And Clinical Characteristics To Differentiate Covid-19 Pneumonia From Other Viral Pneumonias, 2021 Hangzhou Xixi Hospital
A Covid-19 Risk Score Combining Chest Ct Radiomics And Clinical Characteristics To Differentiate Covid-19 Pneumonia From Other Viral Pneumonias, Zuhua Chen, Xiadong Li, Jiawei Li, Shirong Zhang, Pengfei Zhou, Xin Yu, Yao Ren, Jiahao Wang, Lidan Zhang, Yunjiang Li, Baoliang Wu, Yanchun Hou, Ke Zhang, Rongjun Tang, Yongguang Liu, Zhongxian Ding, Bin Yang, Qinghua Deng, Qin Lin, Ke Nie, Zhaobin Cai, Shenglin Ma, Yu Kuang
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
With the continued transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) throughout the world, identification of highly suspected COVID-19 patients remains an urgent priority. In this study, we developed and validated COVID-19 risk scores to identify patients with COVID-19. In this study, for patient-wise analysis, three signatures, including the risk score using radiomic features only, the risk score using clinical factors only, and the risk score combining radiomic features and clinical variables, show an excellent performance in differentiating COVID-19 from other viral-induced pneumonias in the validation set. For lesion-wise analysis, the risk score using three radiomic features only also …
Enteric Fever, 2021 Oxford University Clinical Research Unit-Patan Academy of Health Science Kathmandu, Nepal
Enteric Fever, Buddha Basnyat, Farah Naz Qamar, Priscilla Rupali, Tahmeed Ahmed, Christopher M. Parry
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
No abstract provided.
Stability Evaluation Of Extemporaneously Compounded Vancomycin Ophthalmic Drops: Effect Of Solvents And Storage Conditions, 2021 Chapman University
Stability Evaluation Of Extemporaneously Compounded Vancomycin Ophthalmic Drops: Effect Of Solvents And Storage Conditions, Christopher Ross, Basir Syed, Joanna Pak, Vishal Jhanji, Jason Yamaki, Ajay Sharma
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Vancomycin is the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis and other ocular infections. Vancomycin ophthalmic drops are not commercially available and require compounding. The present study was designed to investigate the stability of vancomycin ophthalmic drops in normal saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and balanced salt solution (BSS) while stored at room temperature or under refrigeration. Vancomycin ophthalmic drops (50 mg/mL) were aseptically prepared from commercially available intravenous powder using PBS, BSS, and saline. Solutions were stored at room temperature and in a refrigerator for 28 days. The vancomycin stability was tested by a microbiology assay and high-performance liquid …
When The Pandemic Opts For The Lockdown: Secretion System Evolution In The Cholera Bacterium, 2021 CUNY City College
When The Pandemic Opts For The Lockdown: Secretion System Evolution In The Cholera Bacterium, Francis J. Santoriello, Stefan Pukatzki
Publications and Research
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, is a microbe capable of inhabiting two different ecosystems: chitinous surfaces in brackish, estuarine waters and the epithelial lining of the human gastrointestinal tract. V. cholerae defends against competitive microorganisms with a contact-dependent, contractile killing machine called the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in each of these niches. The T6SS resembles an inverted T4 bacteriophage tail and is used to deliver toxic effector proteins into neighboring cells. Pandemic strains of V. cholerae encode a unique set of T6SS effector proteins, which may play a role in pathogenesis or pandemic …
Epidemiology And Outcomes Of Hospitalized Adults With Sars-Cov-2 Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Louisville, Kentucky, 2021 Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence for Research in Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
Epidemiology And Outcomes Of Hospitalized Adults With Sars-Cov-2 Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Louisville, Kentucky, Julio A. Ramirez, T'Shura Ali, Thomas Chandler, Stephen P. Furmanek, Daniya Sheikh, Vidyulata Salunkhe, Steven Gootee, Mohammad Tahboub, William A. Mattingly, Demetra Antimisiaris, Jiapeng Huang, Jose Bordon, Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Paul Schulz, William P. Mckinney, Dawn Balcom, Mark Burns, Ruth Carrico, Forest W. Arnold, Cerid Covid-19 Study Group
The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections
Background: During the ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been the primary cause of hospitalization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 CAP from September 2020 through March 2021 in Louisville, Kentucky.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 CAP at eight of the adult hospitals in the city of Louisville from September 2020 through March 2021. Patients with 1) a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, 2) fever, cough, or …
Sociodemographic, Clinical Characteristics, And Outcomes Of Influenza Pneumonia Patients Admitted In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Study, 2021 Aga Khan University
Sociodemographic, Clinical Characteristics, And Outcomes Of Influenza Pneumonia Patients Admitted In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Study, Fazal Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arslan Ahmed, Kashif Aziz, Mahmooda Jabeen Ashraf, Tazein Amber, Sumera Aziz Ali
Section of Internal Medicine
Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of influenza pneumonia patients in tertiary care hospital, Karachi Pakistan.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan from January 2013 to December 2018. Methodology: All adult patients who were older than 18 years and suspected to have viral pneumonia were included in the study. Data were abstracted on 105 patients and were entered on preformed proforma after reviewing the files of patients.
Results: Ninety-four (89.5%) patients were influenza positive and 15.2% (n=16) had been vaccinated. Around 92.4% (n=97), 81.9% (n=86) and …
Distribution And Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Of Salmonella Enterica In Rural Areas Of North Carolina After Hurricane Florence In 2018, 2021 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Distribution And Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Of Salmonella Enterica In Rural Areas Of North Carolina After Hurricane Florence In 2018, Yuqing Mao, Mohamed Zeineldin, Moiz Usmani, Sital Uprety, Joanna Shisler, Antarpreet Jutla, Avinash Unnikrishnan, Thanh H. Nguyen
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
The frequency and magnitude of extreme events are increasing globally (Arnell & Gosling, 2016). Inundation, as a result of massive flooding, has the potential to change environmental conditions abruptly, and as a result, add pressure to the metabolism and proliferation of microorganisms (Furtak et al., 2020). The resulting overland flows and additional burden from domestic sewer and septic tank systems during an extreme flood event can introduce pathogens into ecologically unstable water bodies. For example, Yu et al. (2018) reported elevated levels of Escherichia coli and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in river water samples 6 months after flooding in Houston, …
Streptococcus Cristatus – An Oral Bacterium Causing A Case Of Mild Bacteremia And “Possible Endocarditis”, 2021 Wayne State University
Streptococcus Cristatus – An Oral Bacterium Causing A Case Of Mild Bacteremia And “Possible Endocarditis”, Camilo Guzman, Adi Zaclli, John Molinari
Medical Student Research Symposium
Streptococcus cristatus is a member of the Mitis streptococcus group. Like other members of this group, it resides in mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity but rarely causes disease. We present a case of S. cristatus bacteremia and “possible endocarditis” (per the modified Duke criteria) in a 59-year-old male suffering from end- stage cryptogenic cirrhosis. To date, it is the fifth reported case of disease caused by the microbe, and the first adult case in which S. cristatus was the sole microbe identified. Our patient had a history of dental caries and poor dentition, which were likely the source of …
Association Of Presenting Symptoms With Abnormal Laboratory Values For Vector-Borne Illness — Experience In An Urban Gastroenterology Practice, 2021 Los Angeles Integrative Gastroenterology & Nutrition
Association Of Presenting Symptoms With Abnormal Laboratory Values For Vector-Borne Illness — Experience In An Urban Gastroenterology Practice, Michael D. Erdman, Niloofar Kossari, Jessica Ye, Kristen H. Reynolds, Emily Blodget, B. Robert Mozayeni, Farshid Sam Rahbar
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
Background: In the clinical setting, it is not common practice to consider a vector bite, such as from a tick or flea, to be a contributing factor to chronic digestive symptoms. This article investigates associations we have observed among symptomatic patients and positive blood tests for vector-borne illness (VBI).
Methods: Patients who visited an urban gastroenterology clinic over a 3-year period were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 270 patients presenting with a constellation of digestive symptoms — and who had no apparent digestive pathology and reported no prior diagnosis or treatments for VBI — were analyzed. Before the initial visit, …
Developing Method For Plasmid Transformation Of Urinary Lactobacilli, 2021 University of Alabama in Huntsville
Developing Method For Plasmid Transformation Of Urinary Lactobacilli, Alexandra Lamear
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Chitosan-Gallium Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization And Antibacterial Activity, 2021 University of Central Florida
Chitosan-Gallium Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization And Antibacterial Activity, Samjhana Bhandari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria and the lack of a novel class of antibiotics has become a global health concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one common MDR bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections and related mortality worldwide. It has developed resistance against commonly available antibiotics and is in the WHO's priority list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are desperately needed. Currently there is a growing interest in developing metal and non-metal-based nanoparticles to target multidrug-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel nanocomposite of two non-traditional antimicrobials: a metal (Ga-III) and …
Amphiphilic Cell-Penetrating Peptides Containing Natural And Unnatural Amino Acids As Drug Delivery Tools And Antimicrobial Agents, 2021 Chapman University
Amphiphilic Cell-Penetrating Peptides Containing Natural And Unnatural Amino Acids As Drug Delivery Tools And Antimicrobial Agents, David Salehi
Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses
Cell-penetrating peptides containing arginine as positively charged residues and tryptophan or diphenylalanine as hydrophobic residues were synthesized. The synthesis was accomplished through the Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA. The side-chain protected linear peptides were cleaved from the resin and cyclized in the presence of DIC and HOAt in the solution phase overnight. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to characterize the peptides.
The cytotoxicity of the synthesized peptides was determined in CCRF-CEM (human, lymphoblast peripheral blood), and HEK-293 (human, embryonic epithelial kidney healthy) cells using the MTS assay. A concentration of 10 µM was found …
Role Of Rela In Dormancy And Toxr Proteolysis In Vibrio Cholerae, 2021 University of Central Florida
Role Of Rela In Dormancy And Toxr Proteolysis In Vibrio Cholerae, Zachary J. Malaussena
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, is an enteric pathogen that can be found in aquatic ecosystems when not colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract. Under adverse environmental conditions, V. cholerae is capable of entering dormant states that increase its survival during these ecological fluctuations. In these states, V. cholerae slows its metabolic activity and exhibits drastically altered gene expression and morphology. Stressors that lead to entry into these states vary from nutrient limitation, suboptimal pH, or antimicrobials. Cells in these dormant states are highly resistant to antimicrobials and cannot be detected using standard microbiological techniques …
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics In Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis, 2021 University of Kentucky
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics In Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis, Melissa Thompson Bastin
Theses and Dissertations--Clinical and Translational Science
Sepsis is a devastating diagnosis affecting over 750,000 patients a year, accounting for approximately 10% of all hospital admissions, costs more than $50,000 per patient, and exceeds $17 billion annual spending. The mortality rate for sepsis remains unacceptably high: one out of every three patients diagnosed with sepsis dies. Sepsis physiology induces physiologic changes to drug pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters that alter the ability to achieve the goal pharmacodynamic (PD) target for beta-lactams of >4-fold unbound concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration for 100% of the dosing interval (100% fT >4x MIC). Sepsis treatment such as volume resuscitation and vasopressor …
An Assessment Of The Carrier State And A Novel Marker Of Leptospira And Abortion In Central Kentucky Horses, 2021 University of Kentucky
An Assessment Of The Carrier State And A Novel Marker Of Leptospira And Abortion In Central Kentucky Horses, Gloria Louise Gellin
Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science
Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonotic infection of worldwide importance and affects all mammals. The bacterium is transmitted to animals and humans by urine, fetal membranes and body fluids. Leptospira shedding in the urine contaminates both soil and water, exposing both humans and animals to the bacterium. Leptospirosis in horses can cause abortion and is one of the etiologies of equine recurrent uveitis which can lead to blindness. Equine leptospiral abortion in Central Kentucky is primarily caused by serovar Pomona, with occasional cases attributed to serovar Grippotyphosa. There are a few reports in the literature attributing abortion to serovar Bratislava in …