Life Sciences Commons^™

Evaluating Hiphorius Phytase In Two Diet Formulation Strategies On Finishing Pig Growth Performance, Serum Chemistry, Bone Mineralization, And Carcass Characteristics, Macie E. Reeb, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jon R. Bergstrom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of HiPhorius (DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) phytase on finishing pig growth performance, serum chemistry, bone mineralization, and carcass characteristics. In Exp. 1, 1,161 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 80.9. ± 1.06 lb) were used in a 105-d trial. There were 27 pigs per pen and 10 or 11 replications per treatment. Treatments consisted of: 1) Control diet with no added phytase and formulated to NRC (2012) requirement estimates for standard total tract digestible (STTD) P; 2) 600 FYT/kg added phytase formulated to the same STTD P as the control diet …

Algorithm To Estimate Sorghum Grain Number From Panicles Using Images Collected With A Smartphone At Field-Scale, G. N. Santiago, A. J. P. Carcedo, L. Marziotte, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An estimation of on-farm yield before harvest is important to help farmers make decisions about additional input use, time to harvest, and options for end uses of the harvestable product. However, obtaining a rapid assessment of on-farm yield can be challenging, especially for a sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.) crop due to the complexity of counting the total number of grains in a panicle at field-scale. One alternative to reduce labor is to develop a rapid assessment method employing computer vision algorithms. Computer vision has already been utilized to account for the number of grains within a panicle, yet it …

Depth Of Moist Soil At Planting Affected Grain Sorghum Response To Nitrogen Fertilizer, Augustine K. Obour, John D. Holman, Yared Assefa Mulisa

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The depth of moist soil before planting is a critical factor for grain crop production in dryland cropping systems. We investigated depth of moist soil at planting and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application effects on continuous grain sorghum yields on a Crete silt loam soil over 32 years in western Kansas. Treatments were four N rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 lb/a) in a randomized complete block design with four replications and depth of moist soil at planting determined with a Paul Brown moisture probe. Grain sorghum yield response to N fertilizer application was -0.10, 14.4, 29.3, and 36.5 lb of …

Effects Of Prescribed-Fire Timing On Stocker Cattle Performance, Forage Biomass Accumulation, And Native Plant Species Composition, Z. M. Duncan, A. J. Tajchman, J. Lemmon, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this experiment was to document the effects of prescribed-fire timing on stocker cattle performance, forage biomass accumulation, soil cover, and plant species composition in the Kansas Flint Hills.

Study Description:A total of 1,416 yearling stocker cattle were assigned to one of three prescribed-burn treatments: spring (April 9 ± 5.1 days), summer (August 23 ± 4.9 days), or fall (September 29 ± 8.7 days) over a 4-year period. Calves were grazed from May to August for 90 days. Individual body weights were recorded at the beginning and end of the grazing season. Native plant composition and …

Consumer Sensory Evaluation Of Ground Beef And Plant-Based Ground Beef Alternatives Used In A Hamburger Application, L. A. Egger, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, K. R. Lybarger, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the palatability traits and consumer acceptance of three plant-based ground beef alternatives in comparison to ground beef in a foodservice-like hamburger application.

Study Description:Three popular plant-based ground beef alternatives (GBA) and 80% lean, 20% fat composition ground beef chubs (n = 20) were selected for consumer analysis. Samples were cooked to an internal temperature of 160°F, plated on a bun and served to consumers with the opportunity to apply ketchup, mustard, cheese, lettuce, and pickles. Consumers evaluated the differences in palatability traits and purchase intent for the samples identified as: …

Kansas Field Research 2023

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A summary of research conducted in 2021-2023 on field production and management practices for crops in Kansas. Published in 2023 from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.https://www.ag.k-state.edu/

Evaluating The Distribution Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, And Seneca Valley Virus 1 Inoculated Feed After The Use Of Physical Or Chemical Mitigants To Flush A Feed Manufacturing Facility, Olivia L. Harrison, Haley K. Otott, Jianfa Bai, Vaughn A. Hamill, Aaron Singrey, Phillip C. Gauger, Marcelo N. Almeida, Jason C. Woodworth, C. R. Stark, Roman M. Pogranichniy, Cassandra K. Jones, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Contaminated feed is a route of virus transmission between feed mills and swine farms. To reduce the risk of transmission, an understanding of the virus distribution and mitigation strategies are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Seneca Valley virus 1 (SVV1) inoculated feed in the environment and feed of a feed mill before and after the use of chemical mitigants. A 50-lb batch of feed was run through a mixer and bucket elevator followed by a batch inoculated with PEDV, PRRSV, …

Effects Of Increasing Energy Or Lysine In Soybean Meal-Based Diets On Early And Late Finishing Pig Performance, Ty H. Kim, Jamil E. G. Faccin, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,265 finishing pigs (337 × 1050 PIC; initially 110.7 ± 6.14 lb) were used in two 28-d trials to determine the effect of increasing energy or lysine in soybean meal-based diets on early and late finishing pig performance. Pigs were housed in mixed gender pens with 27 pigs per pen and 21 pens per treatment. Soybean meal (SBM) NE values used in diet formulation were either 946 kcal/lb (78% NE of corn; NRC) or 1,212 kcal/lb (100% NE of corn). The treatments were structured as a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of: 1) a diet containing a …

Diagnostic Survey Of Biological Measurements Used To Determine Bone Mineralization In Pigs Across The Us Swine Industry, Hadley R. Williams, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jon R. Bergstrom, Michael C. Rahe, Christopher L. Siepker, Panchan Sitticharoenchai, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pigs from 64 commercial sites across 14 production systems in the Midwest US were used to evaluate the baseline biological measurements used to determine bone mineralization. Three pigs were selected from each commercial site representing: 1) a clinically normal pig (healthy); 2) a pig with evidence of clinical lameness (lame); and 3) a pig from a hospital pen that is assumed to have recent low feed intake (unhealthy). Pigs ranged in age from nursery to market weight, with the three pigs sampled from each site representing the same age or phase of production. Blood, urine, metacarpal, fibula, 2nd rib, and …

Evaluation Of Variation In Nursery Pig Growth Performance Utilizing Different Allotment Strategies, Abigail K. Jenkins, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (200 × 400 DNA) were used in a 43-d nursery trial (initially 12.4 ± 0.37 lb) to evaluate multiple strategies for allotting pigs to pens in swine research trials. At placement, the population was split into 3 cohorts with similar average weight and standard deviation. Each cohort was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 allotment strategies. Strategy 1 (random) utilized a simple randomization strategy with each pig randomized to pen independent of all other pigs. Strategy 2 [body weight (BW) distribution] sorted each pig within the cohort into 1 of 5 BW groups. One pig …

Effects Of Zinc Source And Level In Low Abc-4 Diets On Nursery Pig Growth Performance And Fecal Characteristics, Jonathan Riedmüller, Jamil E. G. Faccin, Alessandra R. Monteiro, JüRgen Zentek, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 weanling barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.0 ± 0.07 lb) were used in a 38-d study to evaluate the effects of diets containing different levels of a novel Zn source (HiZox, Animine Precision Minerals, Annecy, France) and different levels of crude protein (CP) in low acid-binding capacity at pH 4 (ABC-4) diets on growth performance and fecal characteristics. Pigs were randomly assigned to pens (5 pigs per pen) and pens were assigned to 1 of 6 treatments with 12 pens per treatment. Diets were fed in 3 phases: phase 1 from d 0 to 10, …

Tillering Potential And Stability Of Winter Wheat Varieties Commonly Grown In Kansas, L. O. Pradella, R. P. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The tillering potential and stability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) can be positive traits by conferring adaptation to distinct production environments. The literature demonstrates a high correlation between the tillering potential and many yield components. However, the actual impact of tillering potential on grain yield is not clear. Our goal was to quantify the tillering potential and stability of a range of winter wheat varieties. Field experiments were conducted in six locations in the state of Kansas during the 2021–2022 season. A complete factorial treatment structure of twenty-five winter wheat varieties by two seeding rates (400,000 seeds per …

Effects Of Altering Dietary Acid-Binding Capacity-4 With Specialty Soy Protein Sources Or Acidifiers On Nursery Pig Performance And Fecal Dry Matter, Ethan B. Stas, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 pigs (241 × 600 DNA; initially 13.2 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of altering the dietary acid-binding capacity-4 (ABC-4) with specialty soy protein sources or acidifiers on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). At weaning, pigs were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments. There were 5 pigs per pen and 12 replications per treatment. Pigs were fed experimental diets in two phases with phase 1 fed from d 0 to 10 post-weaning followed by phase 2 from d 10 to 24. Diets were formulated with increasing ABC-4. A single low ABC-4 …

Effects Of Late-Summer Prescribed Fire On Botanical Composition, Soil Cover, And Forage Production In Caucasian Bluestem-Infested Rangeland In The Kansas Smoky Hills: Year 4 Of 5, H. P. Giefer, K. R. Harmoney, M. P. Ramirez, A. J. Tajchman, Z. M. Duncan, J. Lemmon, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:Our objective was to determine effects of late-summer prescribed fire on frequency of Caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii) in the Kansas Smoky Hills as well as changes in soil cover, botanical composition, and forage production associated with fire treatment.

Study Description:The study was in Ellsworth County, KS. Eighteen one-acre plots were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: no burn, one burn (August 14, 2019), and two burns (August 14, 2019, and August 11, 2021). Soil cover, botanical composition, forage production, and Caucasian bluestem frequency were measured annually beginning in 2019.

The Bottom Line:These data suggest …

Evaluating The Effect Of Accelerated Aging At Different Temperature And Time Points On Beef Quality And Enzyme Activity Of Lower Quality Beef Cuts, H. Jeneske, C. K. Chun, S. Hene, L. A. Koulicoff, H. Aufdemberge, J. L. Vipham, T. G. O'Quinn, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of four accelerated aging (AA) methods at different temperature and time points on meat quality and enzymatic activity of two lower quality beef cuts.

Study Description:Shoulder clod and top round were collected from 10 U.S. Department of Agriculture choice beef carcasses, fabricated into steaks, and assigned to one of six treatments: 3 days postmortem (control), cooler aged for 21 days, AA 120°F for 2 h, AA 120°F for 3 h, AA 130°F for 2 h, and AA 130°F for 3 h. Yield was calculated based on loss during AA and cooking …

Determining The Phosphorus Release Curve For Sunphase Ht Phytase From 250 To 2,000 Ftu/Kg In Nursery Pig Diets, Ty H. Kim, Katelyn N. Gaffield, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Ying Zhou, Xuerong Song, Xiuyi Wu, Mikhail Y. Golovko, Svetlana A. Golovko

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 280 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 22.9 ± 0.52 lb BW) were used in a 21-d growth study to determine the available P (aP) release curve for Sunphase HT phytase (Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd.; Wuhan, P.R. China). At approximately 19 d of age, pigs were weaned, randomly allotted to pens, and fed common starter diets. Pigs were blocked by average pen body weight (BW) and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments on d 21 post-weaning, considered d 0 of the study. Dietary treatments were derived from a single basal diet, and ingredients including …

Effect Of The Feed Additive Fytera Start On Growth Performance And Stool Quality Of Nursery Pigs Fed Nutritional And Pharmacological Copper And Zinc Diets, Ty H. Kim, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chris P. A. Van De Ligt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 340 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.4 ± 0.17 lb BW) were used in a 38-d growth study to determine the effect of Fytera Start (Selko, Indianapolis, IN) in diets with or without pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu on growth performance and stool quality of nursery pigs. Fytera Start is a blend of botanical extracts that has recently been introduced for use in nursery pig diets. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, randomly allotted to pens based on initial BW, and then allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely …

Biomass And Nutrient Accumulation By Dual-Purpose Hemp And Concurrent Soil Profile Water Depletion At Manhattan, Ks, In 2021, Kraig Roozeboom, Jason Griffin, Lucas Haag, Gerard Kluitenberg, Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, Michael Shelton, Tami Myers, Clint Wilson, Andrew Euler, Ike Bahr, Brian Owuoche

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Hemp has garnered interest as a potential crop that is not constrained by the typical food, feed, and fuel market channels. Although hemp varieties are available for the production of either grain, fiber, or both (dual-purpose: both grain and fiber) markets, little research-based information is available on hemp growth and water use in Kansas environments. In 2019, Kansas State University researchers began conducting experi­ments to characterize hemp growth, nutrient uptake, and soil water depletion at three locations representing the precipitation gradient across Kansas. In 2021, one fiber and one grain variety were evaluated with and without fertilizer nitrogen. Soil water …

Tillage Study For Corn And Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, And No-Tillage / Year 10, E. Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Trends from a tillage study conducted since 2011 have shown no clear differences between tillage systems for either corn or soybeans in lighter soils under irrigation. One year out of eight years has shown a yield advantage for either corn or soybeans for any tillage system, which appears to be related to environmental conditions experienced during the season. Averaged across all years of the study, the treatments with deep tillage either every or every-other year had about 4.5% higher corn yields, and soybeans had up to a 3.2% yield increase with some form of tillage.

Field Station Weather Reports, E. Adee, M. Sittel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report includes the annual summary of precipitation and temperatures from 2022 at the research locations represented in the 2023 Field Research Report and further details about the Kansas River Valley locations and the east central Kansas locations.

Imiflex Evaluation At Two Kansas Locations In Igrowth Grain Sorghum, P. W. Geier, R. S. Currie, S. H. Lancaster, C. M. Weber

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Herbicide-tolerant grain sorghums, such as Igrowth (imidazolinone-resistant) hybrids were recently commercialized in Kansas. Even though the active ingredient of the herbicide associated with these systems, imazamox, is used in other crops, data are needed to define best practices for use in grain sorghum. The objective of these studies was to evaluate ImiFlex (imazamox) herbicide in Igrowth grain sorghum at two Kansas locations in 2022. ImiFlex applied postemergence provided 93% volunteer corn control, and 90 to 95% johnsongrass control regardless of application timing at Garden City. At Manhattan, ImiFlex controlled Palmer amaranth 90 to 99%. Early season grain sorghum injury was …

Herbicide Effects On Establishment Of Zoysiagrass From Sprigs In Two Consecutive Years, Dani Mcfadden, Jack D. Fry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weed control after planting warm-season grasses in the spring can be critical for acceptable establishment of the stand. However, many herbicide labels can be unclear on sprigging restrictions before or after the application of a product. Research was conducted on the growth effects of pre- and postemergence herbicides applied at or near the day of ‘Innovation’ zoysiagrass sprigging. Preliminary data from this study showed granular (Ronstar G) and liquid (Ronstar Flo) formulations of oxadiazon caused the least amount of injury to zoysiagrass.

Grazing Cover Crops Improved Soil Health In Dryland Cropping Systems, Augustine K. Obour, John D. Holman, Logan M. Simon, Sandra K. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Integrating cover crops (CCs) in dryland crop production in the semiarid central Great Plains (CGP) can provide several ecosystem benefits. However, CC adoption has been slow in the CGP because CCs utilize water that otherwise would be available for the subsequent cash crop. Grazing CCs can provide economic benefits to offset revenue loss associated with decreased crop yields when CCs are grown ahead of a cash crop. Field experiments were conducted from 2015 through 2022 to quantify effects of grazing CCs on soil bulk density, aggregate stability, and chemical properties across western Kansas. At the Kansas State University HB Ranch …

Occasional Tillage In A Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation: 2022 Growing Season, John D. Holman, Augustine K. Obour, Lucas A. Haag, Mikaela A. Lawrence

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beginning in 2012, research was conducted near Garden City and Tribune, KS, to determine the effect of a single tillage operation every 3 years on grain yields in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. Treatments included no-till, single tillage post wheat harvest in mid-August, and single tillage mid-June during the fallow phase. This study was revised with two additional more intensive tillage treatments since 2019. The two additional treatments were 1) two tillage operations during the fallow phase and 2) one tillage during fallow phase and one tillage post wheat harvest. Grain yield varied greatly by year and location. Wheat yields ranged …

Wheat And Grain Sorghum Sequencing For Three Crops In Four-Year Rotations, Lucas A. Haag, Dewayne Bond, Amanda Burnett, Jeffrey Slattery, Alan Schlegel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 1996, an effort began to quantify soil water storage, crop water use, and crop productivity on dryland systems in western Kansas. Research on 4-year crop rotations with wheat and grain sorghum was initiated at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Tribune, KS. Rotations were wheatwheat- sorghum-fallow (WWSF), wheat-sorghum-sorghum-fallow (WSSF), and continuous wheat (WW). Soil water at wheat planting averaged about 9.1 in. following sorghum, which is about 3.8 in. more than the average for the second wheat crop in a WWSF rotation. Soil water at sorghum planting was only about 1.5 in. less for the second sorghum crop compared with …

Observations On The Seasonal Abundance Of Sorghum Midge, Anthony Zukoff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sorghum midge,Stenodiplosis sorghicola(Coquillett), is a major pest of sorghum production worldwide. Midge larvae develop within the sorghum spikelet protected from predation and chemical control. Feeding by larvae prevents grain development resulting in varying degrees of blank heads. Historically, sorghum midge has been considered a minor pest in Kansas. In recent years, significant midge infestations have been documented in several locations of the southwest and southeast portions of the state. Some basic information on sorghum midge seasonality in Kansas will help to refine some management recommendations if this pest becomes more prevalent. Sorghum midges were recovered from samples taken …

Efficacy Of Impact Mixtures And Timings In Field Corn, Randall S. Currie, Patrick W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this research was to determine the utility of topramezone (Impact) herbicide for efficacy in corn. An experiment evaluated Impact with various tank mix and premix partners at several application timings for weed control in corn. Most herbicides provided excellent control of Palmer amaranth, common lambsquarters, and green foxtail. When Impact alone was applied late postemergence (LPOST) following Dual II Magnum (metolachlor) applied preemergence (PRE), kochia and Russian thistle control was less than 85%. Herbicides applied early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) provided the best johnsongrass control early in the season, but no treatments controlled johnsongrass more than …

Residual Herbicides As Single And Sequential Treatments For Efficacy In Corn, Randall S. Currie, Patrick W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This research investigated the use of sequential applications of residual herbicides for the weed-free period in corn. The objective of the study was to compare residual herbicides as either preemergence (PRE) alone or split applications (PRE followed by postemergence). All treatments controlled Palmer amaranth, common lambsquarters, Russian thistle, and green foxtail 90% or more, and kochia 95% or more. Johnsongrass control early in the season was 91% or more regardless of treatment. However, no herbicide controlled johnsongrass as much as 80% late in the year.

Efficacy And Crop Response With Firstact In Accase-Tolerant Grain Sorghum, Randall S. Currie, Patrick W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This research was conducted to determine the efficacy of quizalofop (FirstAct) herbicide in herbicide-tolerant grain sorghum. FirstAct herbicide was evaluated for efficacy and crop response in Double Team (ACCase-tolerant) sorghum. All herbicides controlled Palmer amaranth 90% or more and volunteer corn 95% or more late in the season. Johnsongrass control was 86 to 91%. Minor sorghum injury early in the season did not persist. Sorghum receiving FirstAct late postemergence yielded more grain than the nontreated control or sorghum receiving Parallel Plus preemergence.

Evaluation Of Precision Feeding Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine To Meet The Lactating Sow’S Requirement And Maximize Piglet Growth Performance, Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. Derouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Hyatt L. Frobose, Jason C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 56 mixed parity sows (DNA 241, Columbus, NE) and litters (DNA 241 × 600) were used across two batch farrowing groups to evaluate the effects of precision feeding SID Lys during lactation. Sows were blocked by parity and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments on day 2 of lactation (the day after the start of farrowing). The first treatment was a control treatment where sows were provided a 1.10% SID Lys diet throughout lactation. The second and third treatments included sows fed either a static blend curve or a dynamic blend curve. Both blend curve treatments utilized …