Life Sciences Commons^™

Consumer Sensory Evaluation Of Ground Beef And Plant-Based Ground Beef Alternatives Used In A Taco Application, L. A. Egger, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, K. R. Lybarger, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate consumer preferences for palatability traits and consumer acceptability of three plant-based protein alternatives and ground beef in a taco application.

Study Description: Three commercially available plant-based ground beef alternative (GBA) treatments (n = 20) were selected based upon industry prevalence. The GBAs’ were identified as the most popular in the marketing sectors of foodservice (FGBA), retail (RGBA), and traditional (TGBA). One ground beef (80% lean; 20% fat) treatment (n = 20) was selected. Samples were crumbled into a skillet and cooked to a surface temperature of 180°F. Following cooking, a generic …

Weaning Method Evaluation For Beef Cattle, Jaymelynn K. Farney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weaning is a stressful event for calves. Various management practices have been suggested to reduce weaning stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three different weaning management practices on calf gains at weaning. Eighty-eight bull and heifer calves were assigned to one of three weaning treatments at two research locations. The weaning management options were abrupt weaning, fence-line weaning, and use of a nose-flap weaning device. Calves were weighed at the start of the measurement period and then two weeks later after weaning was completed. Calves that were weaned using the nose-flap method had significantly lower gains than …

Effects Of Limit Feeding And Shade Allocation On Growing Calf Performance, Water Usage, And Animal Comfort, Z. L. Debord, Z. M. Duncan, M. G. Pflughoeft, K. J. Suhr, W. C. Ellis, W. R. Hollenbeck, S. P. Montgomery, T. J. Spore, E. C. Titgemeyer, D. A. Blasi, A. J. Tarpoff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of limit feeding in conjunction with shade allotment on animal performance, animal comfort, and water usage during periods of heat stress.

Study Description: During the summers of 2021 and 2022, 852 heifers were assigned to one of four treatments: limit-fed high-energy ration or high-roughage ration fed for ad libitum intake with or without access to shade. Growth performance and water usage were measured during a 90-day growing period. Calves were fed a gut equilibration diet for 7 days to account for gut fill.

The Bottom Line: Limit feeding a …

Delayed Timing Of Insemination Relative To Estrus Improves Pregnancy To Artificial Insemination With Sex-Sorted Semen In Beef Heifers, K. Aubuchon, J. A. Odde, A. R. Hartman, K. E. Fike, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of timing of artificial insemination (AI) relative to the onset of estrus on pregnancy outcome when using sex-sorted semen in beef heifers.

Study Description: Beef heifers were subjected to the melengestrol acetate with prostaglandin (MGA-PG) estrous synchronization protocol and visually observed for estrus every four hours for five days following injection of PG. Following detection of estrus, heifers were inseminated with semen sorted to contain X-chromosome bearing sperm cells (4.0 × 10⁶ live cells per 0.25 mL straw of SexedULTRA 4M). Heifers were retrospectively categorized into one of three intervals from …

Consumer Color And Discoloration Thresholds For Purchase Of Retail Ground Beef When Evaluating Packages Of A Single Day Of Display, K. R. Lybarger, E. S. Beyer, K. J. Farmer, L. A. Egger, L. N. Drey, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: This study utilized a simulated retail display to investigate the impact of ground beef color and discoloration on consumer purchase intent, while identifying the best objective measurements to predict consumer preferences of ground beef on the same day of retail display.

Study Description: For this study, 180 1-lb 80% lean/20% fat ground beef loaves were assigned to a specific day of retail display (day 0–9). Consumers (n = 318) and trained descriptive panelists assessed ground beef samples, with a single day of display evaluated per consumer group. Spectral data and L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) …

Determination Of Consumer Color And Discoloration Thresholds For Purchase Of Retail Ground Beef When Evaluating Multiple Days Of Display Simultaneously, K. R. Lybarger, E. S. Beyer, K. J. Farmer, L. A. Egger, L. N. Drey, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the threshold for color and discoloration for consumers to purchase ground beef in a simulated retail display and to determine the best objective measurement to predict consumer purchase intent.

Study Description: For this study, 180 1-lb 80% lean/20% fat ground beef packages were assigned to a day of retail display (day 0–9). Consumers (n = 216) and trained descriptive panelists evaluated ground beef samples from each day of display simultaneously. Instrumental L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) values were collected, and spectral data were recorded. Logistic and simple …

Effects Of Adding Egg Powder From Hens Immunized Against Phospholipase Α2 On Ground Striploin Shelf Life, C. Velasco Ayala, L. A. Koulicoff, C. K. Chun, T. G. O'Quinn, E. Boyle, M. Richards, C. K. Jones, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of incorporating three different levels of dried egg powder (EP) containing antiphospholipase α2 (aPLA2) on lipid oxidation and discoloration for its potential to extend ground striploin shelf life.

Study Description: U.S. Department of Agriculture choice striploins from ten beef carcasses were used. Impacts on beef discoloration, L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) parameters, and lipid oxidation over a 7-day display period were studied. The fatty acid and phospholipid profiles of the beef patties were also examined.

Results: The EP was confirmed to contain active aPLA2. As expected, a* and b* values decreased …

Imiflex Evaluation At Two Kansas Locations In Igrowth Grain Sorghum, P. W. Geier, R. S. Currie, S. H. Lancaster, C. M. Weber

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Herbicide-tolerant grain sorghums, such as Igrowth (imidazolinone-resistant) hybrids were recently commercialized in Kansas. Even though the active ingredient of the herbicide associated with these systems, imazamox, is used in other crops, data are needed to define best practices for use in grain sorghum. The objective of these studies was to evaluate ImiFlex (imazamox) herbicide in Igrowth grain sorghum at two Kansas locations in 2022. ImiFlex applied postemergence provided 93% volunteer corn control, and 90 to 95% johnsongrass control regardless of application timing at Garden City. At Manhattan, ImiFlex controlled Palmer amaranth 90 to 99%. Early season grain sorghum injury was …

Assessment Of Novel Semen Evaluation Technologies And Breed Comparisons In Yearling Beef Bulls, A. R. Hartman, I. E. Batey, D. M. Grieger, K. E. Fike

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objectives were 1) to evaluate the iSperm, when conducting breeding soundness exams (BSE) on bulls by comparing sperm motility to a technician’s assessment and 2) to evaluate correlations between sperm response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and functional sperm measurements.

Study Description: Ejaculates were collected via electroejaculation from yearling bulls as part of a BSE. All BSE were conducted by one veterinarian and ejaculates were evaluated by a single technician. Additional sperm motility analysis was conducted with the iSperm analyzer. Ejaculates meeting minimum thresholds for passing a BSE were diluted and sent overnight for flow cytometry evaluation. Data …

Assessment Of Kansas Beef Producers’ Perception And Knowledge Level Of Business-To-Consumer Marketing, K. R. Lybarger, J. Kwon, G. Ibendahl, Y. Teng-Vaughan, D. Kehler, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the perception and knowledge level of Kansas beef producers regarding business-to-consumer marketing.

Study Description: A digital survey was created to assess the perception and knowledge level of business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing of Kansas beef producers. The survey was disseminated to Kansas beef producers utilizing the Shop Kansas Farms online social networking group.

Results: Results from this study showed that 25.5% of beef producer respondents (n = 41) raise another species in addition to beef. It was found that 50.0% of survey respondents sold 20 or fewer head of finished beef cattle in …

Evaluating The Effect Of Accelerated Aging At Different Temperature And Time Points On Beef Quality And Enzyme Activity Of Lower Quality Beef Cuts, H. Jeneske, C. K. Chun, S. Hene, L. A. Koulicoff, H. Aufdemberge, J. L. Vipham, T. G. O'Quinn, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of four accelerated aging (AA) methods at different temperature and time points on meat quality and enzymatic activity of two lower quality beef cuts.

Study Description: Shoulder clod and top round were collected from 10 U.S. Department of Agriculture choice beef carcasses, fabricated into steaks, and assigned to one of six treatments: 3 days postmortem (control), cooler aged for 21 days, AA 120°F for 2 h, AA 120°F for 3 h, AA 130°F for 2 h, and AA 130°F for 3 h. Yield was calculated based on loss during AA and cooking …

Fungicide Efficacy On Fusarium Head Blight Of Hard Red Winter Wheat In Parsons, Ks, Sylvia R.G. Moraes, Bruno C. Pedreira, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Erick De Wolf, Rodrigo B. Onofre, Kelsey Andersen Onofre

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 2022, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of fungicide programs on Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels. Fungicide treatments were evaluated in plots of the hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘KanMark’ inoculated with Fusarium graminearum in Parsons, KS. Treatments consisted of a single application of Prosaro, Caramba, Miravis Ace, Prosaro Pro, or Sphaerex at early anthesis (Feekes 10.5.1), or dual application of Miravis Ace at early anthesis followed by (fb) Prosaro Pro, Sphaerex, or Folicur at 4 days after early anthesis. All fungicide programs numerically reduced FHB visual symptoms and resulted in …

2021-2022 Kansas State University Industrial Hemp Cannabidiol (Cbd) Research Report, Jason Griffin

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Hemp is a broad term used to describe the many varieties of Cannabis sativa L. that produce less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The crop is globally significant, but only recently was allowed to be grown once again in the United States. Varieties have been selected and are currently grown with a wide cannabinoid profile. Cannabi­noids are of high interest for their putative medical and therapeutic role in humans and companion pets. Cannabidiol (CBD) and THC are the two cannabinoids of primary interest. THC is of interest because it determines whether the final product is consid­ered hemp (0.3% THC). CBD is …

Performance Of Corn Hybrids With Contrasting Maturity In Northeastern Kansas, L. N. Lingua, I. Massigoge, A. J. P. Carcedo, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid selection is one of the most important agricultural management decisions made by farmers. Both genetic yield potential and adaptation to the local environment vary widely across corn hybrids, and have a direct impact on yield and input costs. This study compared the performance of corn hybrids with contrasting comparative relative maturity (CRM, referring to their growth cycle), to evaluate their differences in crop phenology, grain yield and its components—grain number and grain weight. The field experiment was conducted during the 2022 growing season in Manhattan, KS (U.S.), testing five commercial corn hybrids with contrasting …

Herbicide Effects On Establishment Of Zoysiagrass From Sprigs In Two Consecutive Years, Dani Mcfadden, Jack D. Fry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weed control after planting warm-season grasses in the spring can be critical for acceptable establishment of the stand. However, many herbicide labels can be unclear on sprigging restrictions before or after the application of a product. Research was conducted on the growth effects of pre- and postemergence herbicides applied at or near the day of ‘Innovation’ zoysiagrass sprigging. Preliminary data from this study showed granular (Ronstar G) and liquid (Ronstar Flo) formulations of oxadiazon caused the least amount of injury to zoysiagrass.

Grazing Cover Crops Improved Soil Health In Dryland Cropping Systems, Augustine K. Obour, John D. Holman, Logan M. Simon, Sandra K. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Integrating cover crops (CCs) in dryland crop production in the semiarid central Great Plains (CGP) can provide several ecosystem benefits. However, CC adoption has been slow in the CGP because CCs utilize water that otherwise would be available for the subsequent cash crop. Grazing CCs can provide economic benefits to offset revenue loss associated with decreased crop yields when CCs are grown ahead of a cash crop. Field experiments were conducted from 2015 through 2022 to quantify effects of grazing CCs on soil bulk density, aggregate stability, and chemical properties across western Kansas. At the Kansas State University HB Ranch …

Observations On The Seasonal Abundance Of Sorghum Midge, Anthony Zukoff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett), is a major pest of sorghum production worldwide. Midge larvae develop within the sorghum spikelet protected from predation and chemical control. Feeding by larvae prevents grain development resulting in varying degrees of blank heads. Historically, sorghum midge has been considered a minor pest in Kansas. In recent years, significant midge infestations have been documented in several locations of the southwest and southeast portions of the state. Some basic information on sorghum midge seasonality in Kansas will help to refine some management recommendations if this pest becomes more prevalent. Sorghum midges were recovered from samples taken …

Residual Herbicides As Single And Sequential Treatments For Efficacy In Corn, Randall S. Currie, Patrick W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This research investigated the use of sequential applications of residual herbicides for the weed-free period in corn. The objective of the study was to compare residual herbicides as either preemergence (PRE) alone or split applications (PRE followed by postemergence). All treatments controlled Palmer amaranth, common lambsquarters, Russian thistle, and green foxtail 90% or more, and kochia 95% or more. Johnsongrass control early in the season was 91% or more regardless of treatment. However, no herbicide controlled johnsongrass as much as 80% late in the year.

Evaluation Of Precision Feeding Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine To Meet The Lactating Sow’S Requirement And Maximize Piglet Growth Performance, Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. Derouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Hyatt L. Frobose, Jason C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 56 mixed parity sows (DNA 241, Columbus, NE) and litters (DNA 241 × 600) were used across two batch farrowing groups to evaluate the effects of precision feeding SID Lys during lactation. Sows were blocked by parity and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments on day 2 of lactation (the day after the start of farrowing). The first treatment was a control treatment where sows were provided a 1.10% SID Lys diet throughout lactation. The second and third treatments included sows fed either a static blend curve or a dynamic blend curve. Both blend curve treatments utilized …

Effect Of Sulfate Or Hydroxychloride Forms Of Zinc, Manganese, And Copper On Growth Performance, Weight Variation, Carcass Characteristics, And Economics Of Grow-Finish Pigs, Hilario M. Cordoba, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chris P.A. Van De Ligt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,026 grow-finish pigs (337 × 1050 PIC; initially 57.2 ± 0.73 lb) were used in a 124-d trial to compare sulfate and hydroxychloride forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu on growth performance, carcass characteristics, weight variation, and economics of grow-finish pigs. Pigs were housed in mixed gender pens with 27 pigs per pen and 19 pens per treatment. The treatments were structured as a completely randomized design and consisted of a control diet containing 150, 16, and 110 ppm of Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively, from sulfate sources or the same inclusion provided by hydroxychloride sources. Experimental …

Industrial Weed Control With Plainview Sc, Randall S. Currie, Patrick W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this research was to determine application variable influence on Plainview SC (aminocyclopyrachlor/imazapyr/indaziflam) efficacy in an industrial setting. Plainview SC was applied at three rates and three application timings using two nozzle types to compare season-long weed control in noncropland. Late-season kochia control was best when Plainview SC was applied at 48 or 64 oz/a using flat-fan nozzles. Application timing did not affect these treatments. Similar control using the boomless nozzle required 64 oz/a of Plainview SC be applied either in fall or winter.

Effects Of Folic Acid On Nursery Pig Growth Performance And Serum Homocysteine, Larissa L. Becker, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jason C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 350 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.2 ± 0.12 lb) were used in a 38-d growth study to determine the effects of folic acid on nursery pig growth performance and blood measurements. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. A total of 70 pens were used with 5 pigs per pen and 14 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and consisted of increasing folic acid: 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 ppm. Treatment diets were fed in three …

Effect Of The Feed Additive Fytera Start On Growth Performance And Stool Quality Of Nursery Pigs Fed Nutritional And Pharmacological Copper And Zinc Diets, Ty H. Kim, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chris P. A. Van De Ligt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 340 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.4 ± 0.17 lb BW) were used in a 38-d growth study to determine the effect of Fytera Start (Selko, Indianapolis, IN) in diets with or without pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu on growth performance and stool quality of nursery pigs. Fytera Start is a blend of botanical extracts that has recently been introduced for use in nursery pig diets. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, randomly allotted to pens based on initial BW, and then allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely …

Effects Of Various Modified Corn Protein Inclusion Rates On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, Rafe Q. Royall, Ty H. Kim, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Robert D. Goodband, Keith Mertz, John F. Patience

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding strategy of a modified corn protein product (MCP; P4000; Cargill Starches, Sweeteners, & Texturizers, Blair, NE) on growth performance and fecal dry matter of nursery pigs. A total of 360 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 12.0 ± 0.14 lb) were used in a 42-d growth trial. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, randomly allotted to pens in 1 of 2 weight blocks based on initial BW (initially 10.8 and 13.2 lb), and then allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. There were …

Corn And Soybean Yield As Affected By Cover Crop And Phosphorus Fertilizer Management, Megan A. Bourns, Elaheh Khosh Manzar, Nathan O. Nelson, Kraig L. Roozeboom, Gerard J. Kluitenberg, Ganga M. Hettiarachchi, Elizabeth A. Yeager, Peter J. Tomlinson, Deann R. Presley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer additions are often required to meet crop nutrient demands, but over-fertilization can have economic consequences, as well as environmental consequences from agricultural P loss. Therefore, we require management strategies that balance crop P demand and the need to minimize environmental P loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cover crop addition and P fertilizer management strategy [build and maintain (BM), sufficiency (SF), and a zero-P control (CN)] on crop yield of a no-till, corn-soybean system for 2020, 2021, and 2022 crop years for a site near Manhattan, KS. The addition of a …

Early Soybean Planting In A Water-Limited Growing Season, Sylvia R.G. Moraes, Bruno C. Pedreira, Vaishalai Sharda, Rodrigo B. Onofre, Gretchen F. Sassenrath

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Appropriate management, with a longer growing season during reproductive growth stages, can increase biomass and yield in soybean. Our objective was to determine the impact of three planting dates, two seed populations, and three maturity groups on grain yield in southeast Kansas. However, due to the severe drought in 2022, with a total rainfall of 18.84 inches during the soybean growing season (55% lower than the 10-yr average), the growing conditions were very limited, resulting in an average yield of 1.7 bu/a.

Yield And Forage Quality On Native Meadows As Affected By Burn And Fertilization Management, Junior I. Yasuoka, Dale Helwig, Walter H. Fick, Bruno C. Pedreira

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Native meadows are widely used by producers in southeast Kansas. However, there are few studies about management practices to improve agronomic performance in southeast Kansas. This study evaluated the spring burn effect combined with the application of lime, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield and forage quality in native meadows. Yield and forage quality on native meadows were not affected by lime application, or P and K fertilization in the first year of the study. However, N fertilization increased yield, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients when associated with spring burn.

Impact Of Lime, Phosphorus, And Potassium On Yield And Forage Quality On Native Hay Meadows In Southeast Kansas, Junior I. Yasuoka, Wendie Powell, Walter H. Fick, Bruno C. Pedreira

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Native meadows are frequently harvested for hay in southeast Kansas to produce forage for winter use. However, the low soil fertility associated with nutrient removal has resulted in limited yield potential and broomsedge infestation. This study evaluated the effect of phosphorus, potassium, and lime on the forage yield and quality in a native meadow. Our results indicated that P and K fertilization contributes to improving yield and quality on native meadows in southeast Kansas. This study will be repeated in 2023, including broomsedge measurements.

Effects Of Late-Summer Prescribed Fire On Botanical Composition, Soil Cover, And Forage Production In Caucasian Bluestem-Infested Rangeland In The Kansas Smoky Hills: Year 4 Of 5, H. P. Giefer, K. R. Harmoney, M. P. Ramirez, A. J. Tajchman, Z. M. Duncan, J. Lemmon, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: Our objective was to determine effects of late-summer prescribed fire on frequency of Caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii) in the Kansas Smoky Hills as well as changes in soil cover, botanical composition, and forage production associated with fire treatment.

Study Description: The study was in Ellsworth County, KS. Eighteen one-acre plots were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: no burn, one burn (August 14, 2019), and two burns (August 14, 2019, and August 11, 2021). Soil cover, botanical composition, forage production, and Caucasian bluestem frequency were measured annually beginning in 2019.

The Bottom Line: These data suggest …

Effects Of Glyphosate Applied At Different Times On Dormant Zoysiagrass Cultivars In The Transition Zone, Dani Mcfadden, Jack D. Fry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Winter annual weeds become a major problem during winter dormancy in warm-season turfgrass stands. In the transition zone, a winter glyphosate application is a common practice to reduce winter annual weed competition in zoysiagrass before emerging from dormancy in the spring. Research was conducted on the effects of glyphosate application timings on spring greenup and quality of experimental zoysiagrass genotypes compared to commercially available cultivars. Preliminary data from this study revealed a quicker spring greenup when glyphosate was applied in November compared to March. However, March-applied glyphosate significantly reduced cool-season weeds in experimental plots and enhanced quality compared to the …