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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2003

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Articles 1 - 30 of 107

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Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2002, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Jan 2003

Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2002, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains the title, author, and publication information for manuscripts published by station scientists. It also contains a list of the research projects that were active during that period and a financial statement for the fiscal year.

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Kansas Fertilizer Research 2002, Ray E. Lamond Jan 2003

Kansas Fertilizer Research 2002, Ray E. Lamond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds, S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams Jan 2003

Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds, S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data on Charolais-sired calves were analyzed to evaluate progeny performance related to sire expected progeny differences (EPD) in a large data set of commercial crossbred cattle in several herds across the United States. The traits analyzed were birth weight (n=3,554) and weaning weight (n=3,604) of crossbred progeny from nationally evaluated sires. Birth weight EPD and weaning weight EPD were evaluated as predictors of crossbred performance. Random regression coefficients were estimated for progeny birth weight on sire birth weight EPD of 1.03±0.09 lb/lb of birth weight EPD, and for progeny weaning weight, 0.66±0.11 lb/lb of weaning weight EPD. Published sire birth …

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Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2003

Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The efficacy of a saturated steam-based post-process pasteurization system to reduce/ eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters was evaluated. Frankfurters were packaged individually or in a single layer format (4 per package, touching). Samples were surface treated with 2% lactic acid, 4% lactic acid, 2% buffered sodium citrate, or 2% buffered sodium lactate, vacuum packaged, and steam pasteurized to end-point surface temperatures of 160, 170 or 180°F using a Townsend Post-Process Pasteurization system (formerly Stork-RMS Protecon). Pasteurization of inoculated single layer franks to surface end point temperature targets of 160, 170, and 180°F resulted in L. monocytogenes reductions (P<0.05) of 0.92, 1.44 and 2.89 log colony forming units (CFU)/frank, respectively. Greater reductions in L. monocytogenes populations were observed for individually packaged frankfurters with 2.32, 4.62 and 6.52 log CFU/frank reductions at target surface end point temperatures of 160, 170, and 180°F, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were …

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Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2003

Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred Angus calves (n=141) were used to determine the effect of castration age and implant on weaning and preconditioned weights. Calf treatments consisted of: early castration at 90 days of age with no growth implant, early castration with a growth implant (Synovex C) at 90 days of age, or late castration at weaning (226 days of age). All calves completed a preconditioning program that consisted of timely vaccinations (21 days prior and at weaning) and a 28-day, post-weaning feeding period. Steers that were early castrated/implanted had weaning weights similar to those of bull calves, and both groups weighed 15 lb …

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Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting, S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 2003

Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting, S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Livestock price reporting mandated by the USDA was designed to increase available price data with the intent of providing producers with information to facilitate price discovery. Has the program been effective at accomplishing this goal? This study determined how cattle feeders, a primary target of the program, feel about mandatory price reporting effectiveness. This study reports results from a survey of cattle feeding companies located primarily in Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Iowa. Results indicate a diversity of opinions regarding the effectiveness of mandatory price reporting. On average, producers are neutral to slightly negative regarding the value of mandatory price reporting. …

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Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We explored the mechanism(s) of calcium- induced tenderization in calcium-enhanced beef muscle. At 72 hours postmortem, we injected (9% by weight) beef strip loins (n=15) with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) with and without 0.05 M zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and they were then aged until 15 days postmortem. Warner- Bratzler shear force peak values indicated that addition of ZnCl2 drastically inhibited tenderization; however, enhancement with CaCl2 still tended to reduce shear values (P=0.07; 0.55 kg) when ZnCl2 was present. In the absence of ZnCl2, the 0.2 and 0.4 M CaCl2 treatments were 18.9 and 32.1% …

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Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones Jan 2003

Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Breeding system costs were estimated for natural service and various estrous synchronization plus artificial insemination (AI) systems. Cost per pregnancy was lower for natural service than AI; however, for the large herd size the difference was small for some synchronization systems examined. When the value of an AI-sired calf at weaning was included as $25 greater than a natural service sired calf, several synchronization systems had lower breakeven prices than natural service. Assuming skilled labor could be obtained, systems that involved more heat detection time were more profitable than strict timed insemination systems. Producers that can obtain greater returns from …

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Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard Jan 2003

Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared concentrated separator byproduct (CSB) to cane molasses on feedlot performance and carcass merit of 394 crossbred yearling beef heifers fed for 148 days. Sugar beet molasses undergoes a process in which approximately half of the sugar is removed, concentrating protein and mineral in CSB. Compared with cane molasses, CSB has more crude protein, ash, and moisture. Two diets based on steam-flaked corn containing either CSB or cane molasses at 5% (dry matter basis) of the diet were fed. Feedlot performance was similar between heifers fed the two diets (P>0.23). Apparent dietary concentrations of net energy for gain …

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Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers, K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2003

Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers, K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fermentation of dietary protein in the rumen leads to ammonia absorption, which could impair amino acid utilization in cattle. Our study was conducted to determine the effects of rumen ammonia load on histidine utilization. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (318 lb) housed in metabolism crates were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as a 3 x 2 factorial and included: 0, 1.5, or 3 grams/day L-histidine infused abomasally; and 0 or 80 grams/day urea infused ruminally to supply a metabolic ammonia load. As expected, urea infusions increased rumen ammonia and plasma urea concentrations. No …

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Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham Jan 2003

Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study evaluated the effect on forage utilization of providing a limited quantity of a high-protein (40% crude protein) supplement to beef cattle grazing tallgrass prairie during the fall. Sixteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (fall supplementation or no fall supplementation), which were evaluated for their effect on forage intake and digestion during September and November. Within each treatment, four steers were used for measuring diet selection (by ruminal evacuation) and four were used for determining diet digestion (by total fecal collection). Data from both groups were used to calculate forage intake. Steers …

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Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers And Heifers Fed Agrado™ Throughout The Finishing Period, J.J. Sindt, B. Dicke, T.J. Klopfenstein, L. Borck, James S. Drouillard Jan 2003

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers And Heifers Fed Agrado™ Throughout The Finishing Period, J.J. Sindt, B. Dicke, T.J. Klopfenstein, L. Borck, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A finishing experiment was conducted at a commercial feedlot facility in Larned, Kansas, using 3,295 yearling steers and heifers to evaluate effects of Agrado™ addition to finishing diets. Agrado (ethoxyquin) is a dietary anti-oxidant that protects against oxidative loss of critical vitamins and prevents rancidity and unpalatable odors. Supplementing finishing diets of yearling steers and heifers with 150 ppm Agrado had no measurable effects on growth performance or carcass characteristics.

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Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson Jan 2003

Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Melengestrol acetate (MGA) increases growth rate and inhibits estrus in feedlot heifers. Little is known of MGA's effect on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the potential direct effects of MGA on cultured bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Satellite cells isolated from yearling cattle were used to assess the effect of MGA in a dose titration (0, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM) study on [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Likewise, satellite cell cultures were allowed to differentiate, and nuclei were stained at 168 hours to determine …

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Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve multiparous sows were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding diets with or without Carnichrome® (50 ppm carnitine and 200 ppb chromium picolonate) on the components of heat production (HP) in early, mid and late gestation. All sows were fed dietary treatments for the 28 d lactation, and the subsequent weaning to estrus and gestation periods. The kinetics of HP and its partitioning (basal or resting HP, activity HP, and short term thermic effect of feeding (TEFst)) were determined during three stages of gestation, early (weeks 5 or 6), mid (weeks 9 or …

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Effect Of Added Fat On Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs In Commercial Conditions (2003), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effect Of Added Fat On Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs In Commercial Conditions (2003), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,040 pigs (half barrows and half gilts) was used in a 42-day experiment conducted in a commercial research facility to determine the influence of graded levels of added fat on growth performance, feed cost per pound of gain and margin over feed of growing-finishing pigs. The four dietary treatments were based on level of added dietary fat (0, 2, 4, or 6%), with the diets fed for a six-week period from 158 to 232 lb. Adding fat to the diet for pigs weighing 158 to 232 lb decreased ADFI, improved feed efficiency, increased cost per pound of …

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Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach Jan 2003

Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 107 mixed-parity sows (parities one to four) was used to determine the effects of particle size of corn in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. The sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with targeted corn particle sizes of 1,500, 900, and 600 μm (actual means particle sizes of corn during the experiment were 1,600, 824 and 619 μm). Reducing mean particle size of the corn in lactation diets from 1,500 to 600 microns resulted in greater ADFI and water usage (linear effects, P<0.02), fewer days for return to estrus after weaning (linear effect, P<0.04), and less backfat loss (quadratic effect, P<0.03) for the sows. Although the trends in pigs weaned per litter, piglet survivability, litter weaning weight, and litter weight gain were in the same direction as those for feed intake and water usage in the sows, the difference in measurements of litter performance was not statistically important among treatments (P = 0.15 or greater). Intakes of DM, N, and GE by the sows were increased by 9, 4, and 7% and apparent digestibilities of DM, N, and GE were increased by 6, 5, and 7%, respectively, as particle size of corn was decreased from 1,500 to 600 μm (linear effects, P<0.001). Finally, excretion of DM and N in the feces was decreased (linear effect, P<0.002) by 178 g/d and 5 g/d, respectively, as particle size of the corn on the sow diets was reduced. In conclusion, reducing particle size of corn did not affect litter performance but increased feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and reduced nutrient excretion in sows.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

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The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 25 And 55 Lb (2003), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, M R. Barker, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, B W. James, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 25 And 55 Lb (2003), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, M R. Barker, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, B W. James, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (initially 22.2 lb and 31 d of age) was used in a 21-d growth assay. This trial was conducted as a combination of two separate trials in order to simultaneously examine both the true ileal digestible lysine and true ileal digestible threonine requirement and determine the appropriate threonine:lysine ratio. The first part of the trial consisted of five treatments with increasing dietary lysine (1.0. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4% true digestible lysine). The second part consisted of five treatments with increasing dietary threonine (0.66, 0.72, 0.78, 0.84 and 0.91% true ileal digestible threonine). The highest …

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Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2003 Jan 2003

Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2003

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report of agricultural research from Southwest Research-Extension Center of Kansas State University.

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Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks Can Predict Cooked Beef Longissimus Tenderness, J. W. Stephens, J. A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M. C. Hunt, T. E. Lawrence, T. M. Loughin Jan 2003

Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks Can Predict Cooked Beef Longissimus Tenderness, J. W. Stephens, J. A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M. C. Hunt, T. E. Lawrence, T. M. Loughin

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We investigated five mechanical probes, used on uncooked strip loin steaks at 2 days postmortem, to predict trained sensory panel (TSP) tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of steaks aged 14 days. Twenty-nine USDA Select strip loins were evaluated with sharp needle, blunt needle, sharp blade, and blunt blade probes in parallel and perpendicular orientations to the length of the strip loin. A steak from each loin was also measured with a plumb bob probe in a parallel orientation and with a Miniscan for instrumental color. None of the perpendicular orientation measurements were correlated (P>0.05) to TSP tenderness. The …

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Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle, M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 2003

Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle, M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined the impacts of animal health and death loss on the economic performance of feedlot cattle. Using data from two feedlots in western Kansas, the impact of animal health on economic performance was quantified. Death loss and the percentage of animals treated significantly impacted feed conversion, average daily gain, and cost of gain. Feed conversion for a pen of cattle was found to increase by 0.27 lb feed/lb gain and daily gain decreased by 0.08 lb/day for each percentage point increase in death loss. An increase in death loss from 1% to 2% increased cost of gain by …

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Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires, Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler Jan 2003

Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires, Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Carcass data and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) data on strip loin steaks were collected from nearly 8,500 cattle in contemporary groups of progeny from the more popular sires in 14 different beef cattle breeds in the Carcass Merit Traits project funded by Beef Checkoff dollars, the breed associations, and MMI Genomics. In addition, trained sensory panel evaluations were conducted on over 2,500 strip loin steaks from contemporary groups of progeny from five sires included in the DNA marker validation component of the project. The correlation between WBSF and tenderness scored by the trained sensory panel was -0.82, indicating that as …

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Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler Jan 2003

Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The infraspinatus muscle (top blade) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin) from the loin were obtained from 140 A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal pH (5.7 or less) or high ultimate pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate factors that could cause livery flavor in cooked beef. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, or 35 days. A highly trained, flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Approximately 8% of all sensory panelist judgments were scored to have …

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Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady Jan 2003

Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of consumer information about food irradiation and the source of the information was studied through a survey mailed to 400 residents each of Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas. Two-thirds of the surveys contained a brochure providing answers to frequently asked questions about irradiation, one-third did not. Half of the informational brochures were altered to suggest they were from industry, half from the government. The survey questioned consumer choice between irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef patties, with price differentials from 10 cents/lb to 40 cents/lb costlier for irradiated patties. A greater price differential resulted in less preference for irradiated beef …

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Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef, L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 2003

Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef, L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Spices and plant components are being used more often in food products as natural antimicrobials. Dried plums are effective antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7. The objective of this experiment was to determine the ability of dried plum mixtures to increase the shelf life of ground beef at refrigeration temperatures. Ground beef (80% lean) was mixed with 6% dried plum mixtures and stored at 45°F. Ground meat containing any of the seven dried plum mixtures remained at the initial total aerobic count of 6 log CFU/gram after 13 days compared to 8.5 log CFU/gram at 13 days for …

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Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride, M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2003

Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride, M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) spray using variable application temperatures, pressures, and times was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on the surfaces of commercial frankfurters and Polish sausage. Frankfurters and Polish sausage were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (101M, 109, 108M, serotype 4c ATCC, and serotype 3 ATCC) and subjected to no treatment, CPC treatment, and CPC followed by water treatment. CPC (1%) was applied to the frankfurters and Polish sausage by spraying in a cabinet using all combinations of 77, 104, and 131°F spray temperatures; 20, 25, and 35 psi spray pressures; and …

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Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence Jan 2003

Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty-eight, spring-born, yearling heifers were raised, estrous synchronized, artificially inseminated once, and then finished at the Kansas State University Western Kansas Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center at Hays to determine the effects of pregnancy status on feedlot performance and carcass traits. To achieve a common endpoint at slaughter, heifers were allotted to one of two slaughter dates to achieve a backfat measurement of 0.5 inch. Therefore, both open and pregnant heifers were slaughtered at either 105 or 147 days (fetal age averaged 174 days for the pregnant heifers). Initial weight, rate of gain, and final weight were similar …

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Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used a forced-air convection oven to cook steaks from two muscles; strip loin (longissimus lumborum) and outside round (biceps femoris). We used a mathematical model to predict cooking time and temperature profiles for each steak. No differences (P>0.05) were found in cooking times between experimental and model values for either of the steaks. Modeled temperature profiles were consistently higher (except for the beginning of the cooking cycle) than the experimental values up to 65°C (150°F) in the cooking cycle for outside round steaks, whereas better agreement between experimental and modeled values was found for strip loin steaks. A …

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Heritability And Correlation Estimates Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Marbling Score From Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, And Simmental-Sired Cattle, J.A. Minick, E.J. Pollak, D.E. Wilson, E.W. Dressler, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Heritability And Correlation Estimates Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Marbling Score From Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, And Simmental-Sired Cattle, J.A. Minick, E.J. Pollak, D.E. Wilson, E.W. Dressler, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for Warner- Bratzler shear force and marbling score of longissimus steaks from Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle in the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) coordinated Carcass Merit Traits Project funded with Beef Checkoff dollars. There were 700 Angus-sired steers, 691 Charolais-sired steers and heifers, 938 Hereford-sired steers, and 1,167 Simmental-sired steers and heifers in the study. Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of the genetic parameters were determined using a sire model with a sire/maternal grandsire relationship matrix. The heritabilities for Warner-Bratzler shear force and marbling score, respectively, were …

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Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore Jan 2003

Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 160 steers grazed "˜Red River' crabgrass pastures that were either fertilized with additional nitrogen (N) or interseeded with lespedeza during the summers of 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Wheat was also grazed in 1999, 2000, and 2001 prior to crabgrass emergence. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Available forage dry matter and grazing steer performance were similar between pastures of crabgrass fertilized with additional N and those interseeded with lespedeza in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In 1999, finishing feed intake, finishing gain and ribeye area were higher (P …

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Consumer Valuation Of Steaks With Different Quality Attributes, T. Feldkamp, J. Lusk, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 2003

Consumer Valuation Of Steaks With Different Quality Attributes, T. Feldkamp, J. Lusk, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Determining needs and wants of consumers is important for the beef industry to reverse the downward trend in beef demand during the last two decades. This study used experimental auctions in conjunction with a survey to determine consumer preferences for beef steaks. Four experimental auctions were used to elicit consumers' maximum willingness to pay for five steak types: generic, guaranteed tender, "natural", USDA Choice, and Certified Angus Beef (CAB). Consumers indicated flavor and tenderness were the most important factors when eating steaks, but they believed there was only about a 50% chance a generic steak would adequately meet these criteria. …

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