Translational Medical Research Commons^™

Calcium Carbonate As A Potential Intervention To Prevent Labor Dystocia: Narrative Review Of The Literature, Sabahat Raees, Marie Forgie, Rita Mitchell, Emily Malloy

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Anecdotally, there are attestations from clinicians of calcium carbonate being used successfully for laboring people experiencing labor dystocia. The goal of this narrative review was to provide a synopsis of pertinent literature on calcium use in obstetrics to explore the potential benefit of calcium carbonate as a simple and low-cost intervention for prevention or treatment of labor dystocia. To answer how calcium and carbonate physiologically contribute to myometrium contractility, we conducted a literature search of English-language peer-reviewed articles, with no year limitation, consisting of the keywords “calcium,” “calcium carbonate,” “calcium gluconate,” “pregnancy,” “hemorrhage,” and variations of “smooth muscle contractility” and …

Interpreting P Values In 2023, Jennifer K. Homa-Bonell

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

If recent experiences shared among the biostatistician community are indicative of a sea change in research, then a most-welcome culture shift in dialogue surrounding the proper use and interpretation of the P value, which measures statistical probability, is underway. This editorial strives to offer guidance for researchers who would like to incorporate more comprehensive reporting in their research, namely, a broader discussion that goes beyond looking at the P value by itself and includes effect size estimates, confidence intervals, and clinical implications when interpreting quantitative results. Another evolving development in clinical research is the preferred language when referring …

Professionalism And Moral Injury In A Capitalist Healthcare System, James Peter Meza Md, Phd, Kassem Soufan Md, Michael Francis Do, Abbass Berjaoui Md

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

Professionalism cautions against profit while capitalism exists for profit. This case is a structural analysis of capitalism in a clinical setting that reveals physicians to be simultaneously wage laborers and professionals. Capitalism generates profit. Professionalism views profit as a conflict of interest that erodes trust in the doctor-patient relationship. Managing these conflicting values causes moral injury for physicians, which is a driver of physician burnout.

Mechanical Thrombectomy For Intermediate Risk Pulmonary Embolism, James Peter Meza, Marissa Costello Md, Angela Moughni Md, Nicholus Yee Md

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

An informed consent article using a set of publications to develop an informed consent conversation for a patient with an acute pulmonary embolism being considered for pulmonary artery thrombolysis.

On The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Implementation Barriers Of Multidisciplinary Care In Chronic Kidney Disease Through A Cfir Framework: A Narrative Review, Max J. Goodman, Amalia Jereczek

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Introduction: 37 million Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease, which affects multiple organ systems and requires multidisciplinary care. Multidisciplinary care is an inherently broad and complex topic, and while it is being implemented across healthcare in the United States and abroad, multidisciplinary care outcomes are poor in this patient population. It is possible that there exists gaps in the literature regarding implementation and replication of multidisciplinary care interventions such that healthcare practices are unable to fully take advantage of multidisciplinary care publications for chronic kidney disease. This narrative review utilizes the five domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research …

Crosstalk Between Diacylglycerol Kinase And Protein Kinase A In The Regulation Of Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Miguel Angel Hernandez-Lara, Santosh Kumar Yadav, Stanley Conaway, Sushrut D. Shah, Raymond B. Penn, Phd, Deepak A. Deshpande, Phd

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) regulates intracellular signaling and functions by converting diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid. We previously demonstrated that DGK inhibition attenuates airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation, however, the mechanisms mediating this effect are not well established. Given the capacity of protein kinase A (PKA) to effect inhibition of ASM cells growth in response to mitogens, we employed multiple molecular and pharmacological approaches to examine the putative role of PKA in the inhibition of mitogen-induced ASM cell proliferation by the small molecular DGK inhibitor I (DGK I).

Methods: We assayed cell proliferation using CyQUANT™ NF assay, protein expression …

A Review Of Isomirs In Colorectal Cancer, Molly A. Lausten, Bruce M. Boman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

As advancements in sequencing technology rapidly continue to develop, a new classification of microRNAs has occurred with the discovery of isomiRs, which are relatively common microRNAs with sequence variations compared to their established template microRNAs. This review article seeks to compile all known information about isomiRs in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has not, to our knowledge, been gathered previously to any great extent. A brief overview is given of the history of microRNAs, their implications in colon cancer, the canonical pathway of biogenesis and isomiR classification. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the literature that is available on …

Building Up Cal Poly Global Brigades Student Group: Reflections On Designing And Implementing One Undergraduate-Led Community Info Session, Caroline Nicole Smith, Jafra D. Thomas

Kinesiology and Public Health

Intro: Global Brigades, an international non-profit organization, trains college students and other pre-professionals in community-based health promotion by mobilizing community service trips around the world, which are taught and led by local community groups. Cal Poly’s Global Brigades student group was founded in 2018, and thus far, they have carried out three annual, medically-focused brigades to Honduras (two in-person, one virtual).

Purpose: The aim of this report is to present the findings of one experiential senior project to promote Cal Poly’s Global Brigades student group^[1] (conducted January to March 2023).

Methods: The student designed material for …

Test-Retest Reliability Of Virtual Reality Devices In Quantifying For Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect, Prithul Sarker, Nasif Zaman, Joshua Ong, Phani Paladugu, Molly Aldred, Ethan Waisberg, Andrew G. Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Background: The swinging flashlight test (SFT) is one of the most prominent clinical tests for detecting the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). A positive RAPD localizes the lesion to the affected afferent pupil pathway and is a critical part of any ophthalmic exam. Testing for an RAPD, however, can be challenging (especially when small), and there is significant intrarater and interrater variability.

Methods: Prior studies have shown that the pupillometer can improve the detection and measurement of RAPD. In our previous research, we have demonstrated an automatic SFT by utilizing virtual reality (VR), named VR-SFT. We applied our methods to …

The Effects Of Dual Iqos And Cigarette Smoke Exposure On Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications For Lung Health And Respiratory Disease Pathogenesis, Pritam Saha, Siddhi Jain, Ipsita Mukherjee, Samir R. Panda, Amir A. Zeki, V.G.M. Naidu, Pawan Sharma

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Background Cigarette smoking remains a primary cause of chronic lung diseases. After a steady decline, smoking rates have recently increased especially with the introduction of newer electronic nicotine delivery devices, and it is also emerging that dual- or poly-product usage is on the rise. Additionally, with the introduction of IQOS (a heated tobacco product) globally, its impact on human health needs to be investigated. In this study we tested if dual exposure (cigarette smoke (CS)+IQOS) is detrimental to lung epithelial cells when compared with CS or IQOS exposure alone.

Methods Human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were exposed to either CS, …

Comparing Performance Of Spectral Image Analysis Approaches For Detection Of Cellular Signals In Time-Lapse Hyperspectral Imaging Fluorescence Excitation-Scanning Microscopy, Marina Parker, Naga S. Annamdevula, Donald Pleshinger, Zara Ijaz, Josephine Jalkh, Raymond Penn, Deepak Deshpande, Thomas C. Rich, Silas J. Leavesley

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology has been applied in a range of fields for target detection and mixture analysis. While HSI was originally developed for remote sensing applications, modern uses include agriculture, historical document authentication, and medicine. HSI has also shown great utility in fluorescence microscopy. However, traditional fluorescence microscopy HSI systems have suffered from limited signal strength due to the need to filter or disperse the emitted light across many spectral bands. We have previously demonstrated that sampling the fluorescence excitation spectrum may provide an alternative approach with improved signal strength. Here, we report on the use of excitation-scanning HSI …

Gp38 As A Vaccine Target For Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Gabrielle Scher, Dennis A. Bente, Megan C. Mears, Maria N.B. Cajimat, Matthias J. Schnell

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that causes severe hemorrhagic disease in humans. There is a great need for effective vaccines and therapeutics against CCHFV for humans, as none are currently internationally approved. Recently, a monoclonal antibody against the GP38 glycoprotein protected mice against lethal CCHFV challenge. To show that GP38 is required and sufficient for protection against CCHFV, we used three inactivated rhabdoviral-based CCHFV-M vaccines, with or without GP38 in the presence or absence of the other CCHFV glycoproteins. All three vaccines elicited strong antibody responses against the respective CCHFV glycoproteins. However, only vaccines containing GP38 …

Protocol Of A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial Assessing Transperineal Prostate Biopsy To Reduce Infectiouscomplications, Jim Hu, Alec Zhu, Andrew Vickers, Mohamad Ezzeddine Allaf, Behfar Ehdaie, Anthony Schaeffer, Christian Pavlovich, Ashley E. Ross, David A. Green, Gerald Wang, Serge Ginzburg, Jeffrey S. Montgomery, Arvin George, John N. Graham, Benjamin T. Ristau, Andres Correa, Jonathan E. Shoag, Keith J. Kowalczyk, Tenny R. Zhang, E.M. Schaeffer

Einstein Health Papers

Introduction Approximately one million prostate biopsies are performed annually in the USA, and most are performed using a transrectal approach under local anaesthesia. The risk of postbiopsy infection is increasing due to increasing antibiotic resistance of rectal flora. Single-centre studies suggest that a clean, percutaneous transperineal approach to prostate biopsy may have a lower risk of infection. To date, there is no high-level evidence comparing transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy. We hypothesise that transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy under local anaesthesia has a significantly lower risk of infection, similar pain/discomfort levels and comparable detection of non-low-grade prostate cancer.

Methods and …

Noninvasively Monitoring Of Cerebral Blood Flow In Piglet Models Of Graded Hemorrhage And Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury Using Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy And Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Randolph Sinahon, Danielle Shoshany, Shadi Malaeb, Mert Deniz Polat, Meltem Izzetoglu, Kurtulus Izzetoglu

St. Chris Research Day

No abstract provided.

Functional Evaluation Of A Novel Rpl30 Mutation And Its Role In Diamond Blackfan Anemia (Dba), Alexandra Prosser, Alexandria Cockrell, Danny Miller, Chris Seidel, Tamara Potapova, John M. Perry, Midhat Farooqi, Erin M. Guest, Jennifer Gerton

Research Days

Background: Bone marrow failure is life-threatening and requires prompt, intensive treatment, which is dependent upon identification of genetic drivers. Although there has been investigation into associated genetic mutations, especially in Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA), the relationship between genotype and phenotype remains unclear.DBA has been identified as a ribosomopathy, also known as a disease associated with defects in ribosome biogenesis. We identified a novel heterozygous variant (c.167+769C >T) in the noncoding region of RPL30 in a patient with clinical diagnosis of DBA. Clinical RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) suggests the variant generates a novel splice acceptor site resulting in truncated RPL30 transcripts. Elucidation …

Awareness & Prevention Of Health Hazards For Americans Embarking In Space Tourism, Krzysztof Zembrzuski

Stratford Campus Research Day

Since the beginning of spaceflight, keeping humans healthy has been a serious concern. Prior to 2021, astronauts had to undergo an elite selection process to embark in space travel. Now that commercial spaceflight is a reality, the criteria to experience space has been significantly loosened, raising health concerns to a larger and unhealthier pool of travelers. Most commercial spaceflight clients are anticipated to be middle-aged adults, which implies many will suffer from high blood pressure and heart disease, both of which are frequent ailments in this age group. Because of the massive compression the body undergoes during takeoff and return, …

Extravasated Brain-Reactive Autoantibodies Perturb Neuronal Surface Protein Expression In Alzheimer's Pathology, Wardah Bajwa, Mary Kosciuk, Randel L. Swanson, Anuradha Krishnan, Venkat Venkataraman, Robert Nagele, Nimish Acharya

Stratford Campus Research Day

Background: Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is reported in both the neuropathological and in vivo studies in both Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and age matched cognitively normal, no cognitive impairment (NCI), subjects. Impaired BBB allows various vascular components such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) to extravasate into the brain and specifically bind to various neuronal surface proteins (NSP), also known as brain reactive autoantibodies (BrABs). This interaction is predicted to further enhance deposition of amyloid plaques.

Hypothesis: Interaction between extravasated BrABs and its cognate NSPs lower the expression of that NSPs in AD patients.

Methods: We selected Western blotting technique to study …

Modeling Antihypertensive Therapeutic Inertia And Intensification To Support Clinical Action Toward Hypertension Control, Benjamin Martin

All Dissertations

Background

Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and consequent mortality worldwide. In the U.S., more than half of hypertension cases remain uncontrolled, despite availability of effective pharmaceutical treatment options. Evidence suggests that therapeutic inertia, defined as clinician failure to initiate or increase therapy when treatment goals are unmet, is the most influential barrier to improving hypertension control. Substantial rates of therapeutic inertia have been reported in ambulatory primary care settings where hypertension is typically treated and managed. Understanding and overcoming the forces driving therapeutic inertia in hypertension management is a critical strategy to reach population health …

Application Of Informatics Tools To Facilitate The Practice Of Precision Medicine With Genomic Testing And Clinical Data, Michael Sayer

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

The practice of precision medicine considers a variety of sources of information to optimize patient care. Factors such as patient demographics, clinical history, and lab test values have well understood effects on treatment outcomes and influence decision making. However, effective inclusion of biomolecular data such as protein expression and DNA sequencing data within the practice of precision medicine needs continued study. Informatics tools offer solutions to allow these complex data sources to be effectively embraced. Utilization of informatics tools to visualize data pertaining to the gene selection practices of pharmacogenomic (PGx) tests effectively communicated large amounts of information into concise …