Marine Biology Commons^™

Phylogenetic Origins And Age-Based Proportions Of Malacho (Elops Smithi) Relative To Ladyfish (Elops Saurus): Species On The Move In The Western Gulf Of Mexico, Damon Williford, Nicolette S. Beeken, Joel Anderson, Polly Hajovsky, Roberta Weixelman

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Two species of ladyfish occur in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Elops saurus and Elops smithi, that are morphologically indistinguishable except for vertebral counts but can also be identified by mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Here we expand on previous work, most of which has occurred in Florida, and examine the demography, phylogenetics, geographic distribution, and age—structure of ladyfishes in Texas estuaries. Fishery—independent gill net data demonstrated that ladyfishes increase in abundance from north to south along the Texas coast. The abundance of ladyfishes also increased in Texas waters from 1982–2021, which coincides with recent trends of warmer winters. Genetic data …

Distribution, Maturity, Age And Growth Of Gray Snapper (Lutjanus Griseus) In The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, Joel Anderson, Dusty Mcdonald, Ethan Getz, Roberta Weixelman, Faye Grubbs, Jason Ferguson

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Recent population expansion of Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico is driving increasing catch in the recreational fishery in Texas. We assessed long—term trends in distribution and abundance of Gray Snapper in Texas using fishery—dependent and fishery—independent data collected by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department in the years 1980 — 2019. Boosted regression trees (BRT) were used to evaluate factors (water quality, season, depth, bay and inlet distance) driving Gray Snapper presence in fishery—independent samples of juveniles (seines) and subadults (gill nets) found in estuaries. Estuarine Gray Snapper were subsequently sampled from gill nets, …

How Do They Do It? Using Omics Approaches To Explore Metabolic Responses Associated With Hypoxia And Exercise Tolerance In The Deepest Diving Pinniped, Elizabeth R. Piotrowski

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Marine mammals such as northern elephant seals (NES) routinely experience hypoxemia and ischemia-reperfusion events to many tissues during deep dives with no apparent adverse effects. Adaptations to diving include increased antioxidants and elevated oxygen storage capacity associated with high hemoprotein content in blood and muscle. Despite experiencing decreased oxygen tensions during diving, NES likely rely on the mobilization of large lipids stores and catabolism of fatty acids to provide energy to exercising muscle while diving. To identify potential regulatory mechanisms that may underly hypoxia and exercise tolerance in diving mammals, this study used system-wide approaches to characterize changes in genes …

Beyond Cortisol: Indicators Of Stress And Negative Feedback In Plasma And Blubber Of Marine Mammals, Jessica Avalos

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Marine mammals play an important role in ecosystem stability. However, anthropogenic activity is compounding pressure on many already vulnerable populations. A potential consequence of anthropogenic disturbance is physiological stress, which can impact metabolism, immunity, and reproduction, especially if it occurs repeatedly. Previous studies on marine mammals have focused on acute stress, but the impacts of repeated stress are poorly understood. Due to its accessibility on land during haul-outs, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) is a good system in which to study the effects of stress in marine mammals. Stress stimulates the release of glucocorticoid hormones, primarily cortisol. Elevated cortisol …

A Trait‐Based Framework For Assessing The Vulnerability Of Marine Species To Human Impacts, Nathalie Butt, Benjamin S. Halpern, Casey S. O'Hara, A. Louise Allcock, Beth Polidoro, Samantha Sherman, Maria Byrne, Charles Birkeland, Ross G. Dwyer, Melanie Frazier, Bradley K. Woodworth, Claudia P. Arango, Michael J. Kingsford, Vinay Udyawer, Pat Hutchings, Elliot Scanes, Emily Jane Mcclaren, Sara M. Maxwell, Guillermo Diaz-Pulido, Emma Dugan, Blake Alexander Simmons, Amelia S. Wenger, Christi Linardich, Carissa J. Klein

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Marine species and ecosystems are widely affected by anthropogenic stressors, ranging from pollution and fishing to climate change. Comprehensive assessments of how species and ecosystems are impacted by anthropogenic stressors are critical for guiding conservation and management investments. Previous global risk or vulnerability assessments have focused on marine habitats, or on limited taxa or specific regions. However, information about the susceptibility of marine species across a range of taxa to different stressors everywhere is required to predict how marine biodiversity will respond to human pressures. We present a novel framework that uses life-history traits to assess species’ vulnerability to a …

Radon (222rn) As Tracer For Submarine Groundwater Discharge Investigation—Limitations Of The Approach At Shallow Wind-Exposed Coastal Settings, Michael Schubert, Jan Scholten, Matthias Kreuzburg, Eric Petermann, Mariele Lopes De Paiva, Dennis Kohler, V. Liebetrau, John Rapaglia, Michael Schlüter

Biology Faculty Publications

Mapping radon (222Rn) distribution patterns in the coastal sea is a widely applied method for localizing and quantifying submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). While the literature reports a wide range of successful case studies, methodical problems that might occur in shallow wind-exposed coastal settings are generally neglected. This paper evaluates causes and effects that resulted in a failure of the radon approach at a distinct shallow wind-exposed location in the Baltic Sea. Based on a simple radon mass balance model, we discuss the effect of both wind speed and wind direction as causal for this failure. We show that at coastal …

นิเวศวิทยาการกินอาหารของกุ้งเคย Acetes Spp. บริเวณชายฝั่งทะเลอ่าวไทยและทะเลอันดามัน ประเทศไทย, บุญวัฒน์ ผ่อนย่อง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

กุ้งเคยสกุล Acetes เป็นแพลงก์ตอนสัตว์ที่มีความสำคัญต่อเศรษฐกิจ การประมง และระบบนิเวศทางทะเล อย่างไรก็ตามการศึกษาทางด้านนิเวศวิทยาการกินอาหารของ Acetes spp. ยังคงมีอยู่จำกัด การศึกษานี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์ในการศึกษาองค์ประกอบในกระเพาะอาหาร แหล่งคาร์บอน และลำดับการกินอาหารของ Acetes spp. บริเวณปากแม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา จังหวัดสมุทรปราการ และป่าชายเลน เกาะเหลา จังหวัดระนอง ใน 4 ฤดูกาล ได้แก่ ช่วงเปลี่ยนมรสุมครั้งที่ 1 มรสุมตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ ช่วงเปลี่ยนมรสุมครั้งที่ 2 และมรสุมตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ โดยสุ่มตัวอย่างจากเรือประมงเพื่อนำมาวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบในกระเพาะอาหาร δ13C และ δ15N ผลการศึกษาพบ Acetes spp. 4 ชนิด ได้แก่ A. japonicus A. indicus A. vulgaris และ A. sibogae sibogae โดยทั้งหมดดำรงชีวิตเป็นผู้บริโภคทั้งพืชและสัตว์ ซึ่งมี amorphous material เป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในกระเพาะอาหารและมีลำดับการกินอาหารอยู่ระหว่าง 2 ถึง 3 องค์ประกอบในกระเพาะอาหารขึ้นกับ 4 ปัจจัย คือ ประชาคมแพลงก์ตอนในธรรมชาติ ขนาดของ Acetes spp. ขนาดและชนิดของอาหาร และพฤติกรรมการเลือกกินอาหาร ปริมาณอาหารในกระเพาะอาหารมีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกกับอุณหภูมิของน้ำ แต่มีความสัมพันธ์เชิงลบกับช่วงเวลาในการเก็บตัวอย่าง δ13C แสดงให้เห็นว่า A. japonicus ได้รับแหล่งคาร์บอนหลักมาจากแพลงก์ตอนบริเวณไกลชายฝั่ง ขณะที่ A. indicus A. vulgaris และ A. sibogae sibogae ได้รับแหล่งคาร์บอนหลักจากแพลงก์ตอนบริเวณใกล้ชายฝั่ง การศึกษาครั้งนี้ทำให้ทราบแหล่งอาหารของ Acetes spp. ซึ่งจะมีประโยชน์ต่อการจัดการทรัพยากร Acetes spp. และแหล่งอาหารต่อไป

รูปแบบการไหลเวียนของกระแสน้ำในทะเลอันดามันโดยใช้แบบจำลองอุทกพลศาสตร์แบบ 3 มิติ, ศิริพัชริ์ ยิ่งอริยกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ทะเลอันดามันเป็นบริเวณที่มูลค่าทางเศรษฐกิจสูงเนื่องจากเป็นแหล่งอาหาร และเป็นแหล่งท่องเที่ยวที่สำคัญของประเทศไทย ทว่าเศรษฐกิจและการท่องเที่ยวที่เติบโต นำมาซึ่งปัญหาที่ตามมา ไม่ว่าจะเป็นปริมาณขยะที่เพิ่มขึ้น ของเสียจากครัวเรือนและการท่องเที่ยว หรือปัญหาจากอุบัติเหตุทางทะเลและน้ำมันรั่วไหล ดังนั้นหากสามารถทำนายรูปแบบของกระแสน้ำจะสามารถนําไปใช้เป็นข้อมูลสนับสนุนในการบริหารจัดการทรัพยากรหรือการท่องเที่ยวทางทะเลได้ ซึ่งเป็นที่มาของการศึกษารูปแบบกระแสน้ำแบบ 3 มิติโดยใช้แบบจำลองอุทกพลศาสตร์ DELFT3D-FLOW ในครั้งนี้ โดยคำนึงถึงอิทธิพลของน้ำขึ้นน้ำลง ลม ความหนาแน่น และแบบจำลองความร้อนของมหาสมุทร (Ocean heat flux model) ผลการศึกษาพบว่าแรงจากน้ำขึ้นน้ำลงส่งผลต่อกระแสน้ำที่พบบริเวณชายฝั่ง ในขณะที่อิทธิพลของลมส่งผลต่อทิศทางของกระแสน้ำบริเวณทะเลเปิด โดยลมทำให้กระแสน้ำมีทิศทางการไหลไปทางทิศตะวันตกในช่วงฤดูมรสุมตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ และไหลไปทางทิศตะวันออกในช่วงฤดูมรสุมตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ นอกจากนี้ลมยังเป็นปัจจัยที่ทำให้เกิด vertical mixing ของมวลน้ำอีกด้วย แต่เมื่อพิจารณาอิทธิพลของอุณหภูมิและความเค็มร่วมด้วย พบว่ารูปแบบของกระแสน้ำมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงตามความลึก โดยกระแสน้ำที่พบตอนบนจะไหลจากมหาสมุทรอินเดียเข้าสู่ตอนใต้ของทะเลอันดามันผ่านทาง Great Channel และไหลออกจากทะเลอันดามันสู่อ่าวเบงกอลผ่าน Perparis Channel ทางตอนเหนือ แต่เมื่อความลึกเพิ่มขึ้นการแลกเปลี่ยนฟลักซ์จะถูกจำกัดด้วยลักษณะของพื้นทะเล และที่ความลึกมากกว่า 300 เมตร จะพบกระแสหมุนวนทวนเข็มนาฬิกาบริเวณกลางทะเลอันดามันโดยจะ ไหลออกจากทะเลอันดามันสู่มหาสมุทรอินเดียผ่านทาง Ten Degree Channel และ Great Channel

A Comparative Test Of Creative Thinking In Preschool Children And Dolphins, Dawn Melzer, Deirdre Yeater, Madison Bradley, Heather M. Hill, Gonzalo Guerra, Kimberly Salazar, Teresa Bolton, Kathleen M. Dudzinski

Psychology Faculty Publications

Creativity is considered one aspect of intelligence. Including creativity allows for more room for expression (e.g., participants can respond with movement instead of written or verbal responses) than in standard intelligence assessments. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT; Torrance, 1974) are the leading method of assessing creative abilities in school-aged humans and above. To assess creativity in young humans and nonhuman animals, modifications must be made to facilitate nonverbal responses. In the current study, a cross-species comparison was conducted between preschoolers and bottlenose dolphins to examine responses to a modified creativity task in which both species were trained to …

It Takes A Muscle: Wholes, Holes, And Other Voids, Saar Shemesh

Theses and Dissertations

IT TAKES A MUSCLE¹

In the BELLY of the BEAST, the HUMAN

in the deep end of a SWIMMING POOL

in a GRAVE, looking up/out from within

at the base of a CRATER, ABYSS, PIT

the room as a CRADLE, INCUBATOR

architecture as MOTHER MOULD.²

____________________________

¹ Title is borrowed and abbreviated: Spectral Display, “It Takes A Muscle To Fall In Love,” 1982.

² For what American-English delineates as ‘mold,’ British-English uses ‘mould’ and is more specific in its technicality. The former doesn’t distinguish in spelling between mold (fungus) and mold (mould). I’m not particularly a fan of …

Phylogenetic And Geographic Relationships Of Cheilostome Bryozoans In The Eastern Pacific, Hannah E. Lee

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The phylum Bryozoa is an incredibly diverse group of marine invertebrates with a widespread global distribution that is well suited for evolutionary studies but whose phylogenetic relationships are still poorly understood. Although recent studies on bryozoan taxonomies and phylogenies have increased, there is still a lack of assessment of species found at shallow water (<1 m) to intertidal depths. In this study, I aimed to expand the taxonomic sampling and assessment of the phylogenetic diversity of cheilostome bryozoans along the California coastline by utilizing mitochondrial DNA as well as inferring potential correlations between species presence and dispersal range both within and between rocky outer coast and sheltered harbor habitats. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to produce mitogenomes for cheilostome bryozoan samples collected off rocks from two rocky intertidal sites and off settlement panels from two harbor sites. Phylogenetic analyses generated evolutionary hypotheses of species relationships alongside geographic mapping of their distribution. This study identified 15 distinct species that represent 10 different families to form the first comprehensive phylogeny for multiple bryozoan families in California across a total range of approximately 973 km of coastline. Three genetically distinct species were found at multiple sites that are separated by a combination of rocky shores and sandy beaches, which indicates that the dispersal range of these species are not limited by geographic barriers along the coast of California. These results provide a future opportunity for further integration of this data with the phylogenies generated in this study to examine more robust evolutionary hypotheses for the phylogenetic and geographic relationships of Californian bryozoan species.

Variation Of Larval Traits And Copper Tolerance In An Invasive Cryptic Species Complex (Watersipora: Bryozoa), Jason A. Lopiccolo

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Many factors contribute to the potential of a non-indigenous species to invade an area and become established. For bryozoan colonies of the cryptic species complex Watersipora (Neviani, 1896), this may include larval characteristics such as settlement rate, competency of metamorphosis, swimming duration, and the ability to tolerate copper, a common component in marine anti-fouling paints. Two common groups of Watersipora that occur along the California coast are W. subatra Clade A and an undescribed new species, Clade N. The goal of this research work was to discover what differences, if any, exist in the larval traits and copper tolerances of …

A Characterization Of The Sandy Beach Surf Zone Fish Community And Their Ecology In Northern California And The Effects Of Marine Protected Areas, Katie B. Terhaar

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Historically written off as dull and homogenous, the dynamics of the sandy beach surf zone remains under studied world-wide. Northern California has been no exception to this global standard, as the sandy beach surf zone ecosystem in this region has yet to be characterized, and the effect of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on the fish and macroinvertebrate community fully ascertained.

Considered data-poor by local wildlife officials, commercially, recreationally and culturally important Amphistichus rhodoterus (redtail surfperch) and common Hyperprosopon ellipticum (silver surfperch) utilize the sandy beach surf zone in Northern California. Little is known about the effect of various environmental factors, …

Assessing The Behavioral Response Of Westslope Cutthroat Trout To Olfactory Cues In A Two-Choice Y-Maze, Hannah Marie Condron

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

The goal of this study was to determine which olfactory cues were most attractive to Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (WCT) in a two-choice Y-maze. WCT used in this study were from Kings Lake and Paqua Creek in Pend Oreille County, Washington, and tested in 2018 and 2019. The different odorants tested in this study were population-specific pheromones produced by WCT from the same population, conspecific pheromones produced by WCT from the second population, and water obtained from each population’s natal stream. The water Kings Lake WCT were reared in for one year at the Spokane Hatchery was also …

Implications Of Salinity Normalization Of Seawater Total Alkalinity In Coral Reef Metabolism Studies, Travis A. Courtney, Tyler Cyronak, Alyssa J. Griffin, Andreas J. Andersson

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Salinity normalization of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) data is commonly used to account for conservative mixing processes when inferring net metabolic modification of seawater by coral reefs. Salinity (S), TA, and DIC can be accurately and precisely measured, but salinity normalization of TA (nTA) and DIC (nDIC) can generate considerable and unrecognized uncertainties in coral reef metabolic rate estimates. While salinity normalization errors apply to nTA, nDIC, and other ions of interest in coral reefs, here, we focus on nTA due to its application as a proxy for net coral reef calcification and the importance for …

Effects Of Probiotics Supplementation With Lactobacillus Sp. Bacteria On Growth And Survival Rate Of Cultured Mullet Fish (Mugil Sp.) In Floating Cages, Balqees Saleh Bin Breek, Mohammed Abdullah Al-Dohail, Khaled Salem Yahya

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth parameters of Mugil sp. fish, their approximate biochemical composition and the environmental conditions of their culture for 12 weeks in floating cages. Six hundreds of fish were randomly distributed in two groups of 100 fish in each floating cages (length of 1 m, width of 1 m, depth of 2 m) with an initial weight of 39.5± 0.2 g. The first group was fed with the control diet and the second group with probiotics diet. The results showed significant differences (P <0.05) between fish fed on probiotics diet and fish fed on control diet in weight gain (WG), relative growth rate (RGR) and food conversion rate (FCR). The weight gain in the probiotics group was 18.3 g, while in the control group was 12.2 g. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) for the specific …

Removal Of Lead (Ii) From Polluted Seawater In Mukalla Coast, Hadhramout Using Biotechnology Of Dried Biomass Of Macroalgae, Gracilaria Sp And Sargassum Sp, Abdullah Salem Bawazir, Eman Hassan Ba Othman

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

This study aimed to remove lead ions (Pb²⁺) from seawater mixed with wastewater that discharged to Mukalla coast. Water samples were collected from points near the sewage discharging sampling station. Macroalgae samples, Gracilaria sp and Sargassum sp were used for bio-sorption of Pb²⁺ from seawater in the study area. Besides, this study aimed to assess the removal efficiency of lead-heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺) from polluted seawaters in Mukalla coast by Macroalgae biomass. The effect of pH values (4.5 –7.5 ± 0.5) and different adsorbent dosages were used on the adsorption process through Winter and Summer …

Dolphins In Ny? Researchers Turn To Boat Tours For Sightings, Aaron K. Tremper

Capstones

Before 2009, coastal bottlenose dolphins were a rare sight north of New Jersey. According to local researchers, large pods of bottlenose dolphins made their way that spring/summer along Long Island. While dolphin population data by state and federal wildlife regulators are spotty, studies by local scientists suggest more dolphins have been flocking to New York since 2009. Many researchers are turning to whale-watching ventures to learn more about what dolphins are up to in the Big Apple.

https://jkt711.github.io/capstone/

Lost At Sea, Anny Oberlink

Capstones

At the end of World War I and World War II, in a new era of peace, nations confronted an unprecedented logistical problem: millions of tons of unexploded ordnance—once a wartime boon—had become a peacetime burden. Faced with a mandate to dispose of excess munitions, militaries turned to dumping their stockpiles into the sea. But now a complex and urgent issue is emerging. Increasingly, as industry looks to build offshore—wind power turbines, internet cables, oil pipelines—they are facing a potential peril: millions of tons of unexploded bombs and ammunition that are lying on the ocean floor can explode or leak …

Paralyzed Within A Plastic World, Gena Leib

Honors Projects

Our oceans are one of the largest ecosystems found on our planet, and they are also one of the driving forces to a balanced planet. I believe that it is very important to restore our oceans to the once clean environment, and it is up to mankind to make that first step to do so soon and without hesitation. I believe that many people are uniformed on the topics of pollution, and it is important to bring attention to the issues through a perspective that society can see. Social media has had a huge influence on helping this, but for …