Long-Term Changes In A Spatially Subsidized Insular Ecosystem In The Archipelago Of Bahía De Los Ángeles, Baja California, Mexico,
2017
University of San Diego
Long-Term Changes In A Spatially Subsidized Insular Ecosystem In The Archipelago Of Bahía De Los Ángeles, Baja California, Mexico, Thais Fournier
Theses
Interactions between climate change and the processes that structure coastal communities are poorly understood.Long – term weather patterns that include extreme events (e.g., El Niño Southern Oscillation, or “ENSO”) allow us to test hypotheses of how changes in weather (e.g., precipitation) will influence communities over long time frames. One system that is particularly vulnerable to climate changes is the coastal ecotone, which occupies 8% of the earth’s surface. A large exchange of resources (spatial subsidies) link habitats across this ocean – land interface, often with dramatic consequences for the recipient systems. Spatial subsidies such as marine input influence …
Diving Behaviour Of Cuvier’S Beaked Whales Exposed To Two Types Of Military Sonar,
2017
Cascadia Research Collective
Diving Behaviour Of Cuvier’S Beaked Whales Exposed To Two Types Of Military Sonar, Erin A. Falcone, Gregory S. Schorr, Stephanie L. Watwood, Stacy L. Deruiter
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) have stranded in association with mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS) use, and though the causative mechanism linking these events remains unclear, it is believed to be behaviourally mediated. To determine whether MFAS use was associated with behavioural changes in this species, satellite tags were used to record the diving and movements of 16 Cuvier’s beaked whales for up to 88 days in a region of frequent MFAS training off the coast of Southern California. Tag data were combined with summarized records of concurrent bouts of high-power, surface-ship and mid-power, helicopter-deployed MFAS use, along with other potential …
Low Carbon Sink Capacity Of Red Sea Mangroves,
2017
Edith Cowan University
Low Carbon Sink Capacity Of Red Sea Mangroves, Hanan Almahasheer, Óscar Serrano, Carlos M. Duarte, Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Pere Masqué, Xabier Irigoien
Research outputs 2014 to 2021
Mangroves forests of Avicennia marina occupy about 135 km2 in the Red Sea and represent one of the most important vegetated communities in this otherwise arid and oligotrophic region. We assessed the soil organic carbon (Corg) stocks, soil accretion rates (SAR; mm y-1) and soil Corg sequestration rates (g Corg m-2 yr-1) in 10 mangrove sites within four locations along the Saudi coast of the Central Red Sea. Soil Corg density and stock in Red Sea mangroves were among the lowest reported globally, with an average of 4 ± …
Genomic Signatures Of Local Adaptation Reveal Source-Sink Dynamics In A High Gene Flow Fish Species,
2017
University of Western Australia
Genomic Signatures Of Local Adaptation Reveal Source-Sink Dynamics In A High Gene Flow Fish Species, Katherine Cure, Luke Thomas, Jean-Paul A. Hobbs, David V. Fairclough, Winn Jason Kennington
Fisheries Research Articles
Understanding source-sink dynamics is important for conservation management, particularly when climatic events alter species’ distributions. Following a 2011 ‘marine heatwave’ in Western Australia, we observed high recruitment of the endemic fisheries target species Choerodon rubescens, towards the cooler (southern) end of its distribution. Here, we use a genome wide set of 14 559 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the likely source population for this recruitment event. Most loci (76%) showed low genetic divergence across the species’ range, indicating high levels of gene flow and confirming previous findings using neutral microsatellite markers. However, a small proportion of loci showed strong …
Avoidance Responses Of Minke Whales To 1–4 Khz Naval Sonar,
2017
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
Avoidance Responses Of Minke Whales To 1–4 Khz Naval Sonar, Petter H. Kvadsheim, Stacy L. Deruiter, Lise D. Sivle, Jeremy A. Goldbogen
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Minke whales are difficult to study and little information exists regarding their responses to anthropogenic sound. This study pools data from behavioural response studies off California and Norway. Data are derived from four tagged animals, of which one from each location was exposed to naval sonar signals. Statistical analyses were conducted using Mahalanobis distance to compare overall changes in parameters summarising dive behaviour, avoidance behaviour, and potential energetic costs of disturbance. Our quantitative analysis showed that both animals initiated avoidance behaviour, but responses were not associated with unusual dive behaviour. In one exposed animal the avoidance of the sonar source …
Impacts Of Coastal Acidification On Louisiana Plankton,
2017
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Impacts Of Coastal Acidification On Louisiana Plankton, Amy Mallozzi
LSU Master's Theses
Anthropogenic input of carbon dioxide (CO2) has an increasingly acidifying effect on the world’s oceans with the potential to impact biogeochemical cycles and food web dynamics. Coastal Louisiana is an area highly vulnerable to changing climate, but the unique local water chemistry created by input from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers makes the manifestation of elevated CO2 and its biological implications difficult to predict. Louisiana estuaries are highly productive and support a large commercial market for the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. This study explores the use of experimental microcosms to expose natural phytoplankton assemblages and larval …
Landsat Based Sargassum Coverage In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, 2010,
2017
University of South Florida
Landsat Based Sargassum Coverage In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, 2010, Chuanmin Hu, Lian Feng
C-IMAGE data
This dataset contains the sargassum coverage in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico detected using both Landsat remote sensing images and airborne AVIRIS data. The mean Sargassum coverage during the four quarters of 2010 for the study region are also provided. Dataset results are provided in Excel format and correspond to the the publication: Hu, C.; Hardy, R.; Ruder, E.; Geggel, A.; Feng, L.; Powers, S.; Hernandez, F.; Graettinger, G.; Bodnar, J.; McDonald, T. (2016). Sargassum coverage in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during 2010 from Landsat and airborne observations: Implications for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impact assessment. Marine Pollution …
Ecopath With Ecosim Model Of The West Florida Shelf Representing 1980 For Harmful Algal Bloom Simulations,
2017
University of South Florida
Ecopath With Ecosim Model Of The West Florida Shelf Representing 1980 For Harmful Algal Bloom Simulations, Cameron Ainsworth, Alisha Gray
C-IMAGE data
This is an Ecopath with Ecosim model of the West Florida Shelf. It is based on a model constructed by Mahmoudi (unpublished data) (see Okey et al. 2004 for an application) and later modified Gray et al. 2013 to incorporate additional exploited and non-exploited species and life stages known to be sensitive to harmful algal blooms (HABs). To incorporate HABs an additional (pseudo) fishing fleet is added into the model to provide a red tide mortality driver on adult fish and invertebrates. Biomass caught by this fleet is immediately cycled into the detritus pool, and thus nutrients from killed fish …
Anthropogenic Effects On The Fouling Community: Impacts Of Biological Invasions And Anthropogenic Structures On Community Structure,
2017
Portland State University
Anthropogenic Effects On The Fouling Community: Impacts Of Biological Invasions And Anthropogenic Structures On Community Structure, Whitney Elizabeth Mcclees
Dissertations and Theses
Coastal anthropogenic infrastructure has significantly modified nearshore environments. Because these structures often have a strong association with shipping as would be found in ports and harbors, they have been identified as invasion hotspots. Due to propagule pressure from shipping and recreational boating and suitable uncolonized substrate that provides a refuge from native predators, a greater number of non-native species have been found on these structures compared to nearby natural substrate. The mechanisms that limit the spread of non-native species from anthropogenic structures to natural substrate have been explored for several taxa at a species-specific level, but less so from an …
Species Specific Metabolic Capacity Of Naphthalene And Phenanthrene In Three Species Of Marine Teleosts Exposed To Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil,
2017
University of South Florida
Species Specific Metabolic Capacity Of Naphthalene And Phenanthrene In Three Species Of Marine Teleosts Exposed To Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil, Erin Pulster
C-IMAGE data
Select monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites were measured in three marine teleosts, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) and southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) to evaluate species specific metabolic differences. Fish were exposed to DWH crude oil by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections at time 0 and 48 hours with bile sampling events at 24 and 72 hours post injection. Biliary levels of monohydroxylated naphthalene and phenanthrene metabolites were confirmed and quantified using gas chromatography triple quadrapole mass spectrometry.
How Strongly Do Oysters Stick?,
2017
Universidad de Los Andes - Colombia
How Strongly Do Oysters Stick?, Nicolás M. Morato, Andrés M. Tibabuzo, Jonathan J. Wilker
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Biological adhesives are a type of interfacial material that has incredible potential to generate new biomimetic compounds that can replace current strong, but toxic, adhesives. Therefore, a study of the chemical composition and mechanical properties of those bio-adhesives is necessary. However, in the case of oysters, despite known chemical characterization of the adult’s adhesive, there are almost no studies on its mechanical properties. Furthermore, there is no available information on the adhesive properties of spat (oysters in their larvae state). Herein, we present the first mechanical characterization of the spat adhesive, measuring its adhesion strength by hydrodynamic determination using a …
The Trophic Role Of A Large Marine Predator, The Tiger Shark Galeocerdo Cuvier,
2017
University of Western Australia - Crawley
The Trophic Role Of A Large Marine Predator, The Tiger Shark Galeocerdo Cuvier, Luciana C. Ferreira, Michele Thums, Michael R. Heithaus, Adam Barnett, Katya G. Abrantes, Bonnie J. Holmes, Lara M. Zamora, Ashley J. Frisch, Julian G. Pepperell, Derek Burkholder, Jeremy Vaudo, Robert Nowicki, Jessica Meeuwig, Mark G. Meekan
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Tiger sharks were sampled off the western (Ningaloo Reef, Shark Bay) and eastern (the Great Barrier Reef; GBR, Queensland and New South Wales; NSW) coastlines of Australia. Multiple tissues were collected from each shark to investigate the effects of location, size and sex of sharks on δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes among these locations. Isotopic composition of sharks sampled in reef and seagrass habitats (Shark Bay, GBR) reflected seagrass-based food-webs, whereas at Ningaloo Reef analysis revealed a dietary transition between pelagic and seagrass food-webs. In temperate habitats off southern Queensland and NSW coasts, shark diets relied on pelagic food-webs. Tiger …
New Genera And Species Of Fossil Marine Amioid Fishes (Actinopterygii, Holostei) From The Late Cretaceous Agoult Locality In Southeastern Morocco,
2017
University of Alberta
New Genera And Species Of Fossil Marine Amioid Fishes (Actinopterygii, Holostei) From The Late Cretaceous Agoult Locality In Southeastern Morocco, Mark V. Wilson, Alison M. Murray, Terry C. Grande
Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The document is Terry C. Grande's (et al.) abstract in the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 77th Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts.
A Global Biogeographic Classification Of The Mesopelagic Zone,
2017
Nova Southeastern University
A Global Biogeographic Classification Of The Mesopelagic Zone, Tracey Sutton, Malcolm R. Clark, Daniel C. Dunn, Patrick N. Halpin, Alex D. Rogers, John Guinotte, Steven J. Bograd, Martin V. Angel, Jose Angel A. Perez, Karen Wishner, Richard L. Haedrich, Dhugal Lindsay, Jeffrey C. Drazen, Alexander Vereshchaka, Uwe Piatkowski, Telmo Morato, Katarzyna Blachowiak-Samolyk, Bruce H. Robison, Kristina Gjerde, Annelies Pierrot-Bults, Patricio Bernal, Gabriel Reygondeau, Mikko Heino
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
We have developed a global biogeographic classification of the mesopelagic zone to reflect the regional scales over which the ocean interior varies in terms of biodiversity and function. An integrated approach was necessary, as global gaps in information and variable sampling methods preclude strictly statistical approaches. A panel combining expertise in oceanography, geospatial mapping, and deep-sea biology convened to collate expert opinion on the distributional patterns of pelagic fauna relative to environmental proxies (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen at mesopelagic depths). An iterative Delphi Method integrating additional biological and physical data was used to classify biogeographic ecoregions and to identify …
Dna Analysis Of Traded Shark Fins And Mobulid Gill Plates Reveals A High Proportion Of Species Of Conservation Concern,
2017
University of Guelph - Canada
Dna Analysis Of Traded Shark Fins And Mobulid Gill Plates Reveals A High Proportion Of Species Of Conservation Concern, Dirk Steinke, Andrea Bernard, Rebekah L. Horn, Paul Hilton, Robert H. Hanner, Mahmood S. Shivji
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Continuously increasing demand for plant and animal products causes unsustainable depletion of biological resources. It is estimated that one-quarter of sharks and rays are threatened worldwide and although the global fin trade is widely recognized as a major driver, demand for meat, liver oil, and gill plates also represents a significant threat. This study used DNA barcoding and 16 S rRNA sequencing as a method to identify shark and ray species from dried fins and gill plates, obtained in Canada, China, and Sri Lanka. 129 fins and gill plates were analysed and searches on BOLD produced matches to 20 species …
Population Density, Distribution, Richness & Health Of Shallow Water Caribbean Porifera From An Unesco Biosphere Reserve, St. John, Usvi,
2017
Montclair State University
Population Density, Distribution, Richness & Health Of Shallow Water Caribbean Porifera From An Unesco Biosphere Reserve, St. John, Usvi, Patrick Michael Vojnyk
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Porifera is an important phylum of organisms in benthic ecosystems that filter water, act as biogenic habitat, and provide 3-dimentional structure. Sponge diversity and abundance are often used as bio-indicators for good or improving water quality in a system. Transects were performed during July 2015, January 2016, and July 2016 to determine species richness, density, and assess necrotic pinacoderm tissue decay of species of poriferans in St. John, USVI. 6,800 individuals and 17 different species were recorded during observation periods in Great and Little Lameshur Bays. Results indicate that the non-cryptic species Amphimedon compressa and Aplysina fiulva had the highest …
Egg Quality Traits And Predictors Of Embryo And Fry Viability In Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus,
2017
University of Southern Mississippi
Egg Quality Traits And Predictors Of Embryo And Fry Viability In Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus, Agnés Bardon-Albaret, Eric Saillant
Faculty Publications
The quality of red snapper eggs is highly variable and unpredictable in aquaculture, leading to high mortality during early larval rearing. In this work, the viability of red snapper eggs was monitored from fertilization until unfed larvae expired because of exhaustion of vitelline reserves to determine egg quality traits in this species. The spawns were obtained via strip spawning wild-caught females following hormonal induction with chorionic gonadotropin. Females were induced immediately after capture (wild group, n = 17) or held captive for the entire maturation period prior to induction (captive group, n = 7). Candidate predictors of egg quality measured …
Distribution And Potential Impact Of Microplastics In The Ribbed Marsh Mussel Geukensia Demissa,
2017
Montclair State University
Distribution And Potential Impact Of Microplastics In The Ribbed Marsh Mussel Geukensia Demissa, Matthew Byron Khan
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Human activities have generated large quantities of plastics that are actively dumped or indirectly deposited into oceans. In particular, the use of single-use packaging and microplastics in cosmetics and manufacturing has led to significant increases of these contaminants in coastal waters. These plastics, because of their size, can be ingested by filter-, suspension-, and deposit-feeding organisms who coincidentally consume them as potential food sources. As a result, organisms may experience marked reductions in growth and/or health due to the accumulation of these plastics in their digestive tracts. While research has concentrated on the commercially harvested blue mussel Mytilus edulis, none …
Catalase Is A Determinant Of The Colonization And Transovarial Transmission Of Rickettsia Parkeri In The Gulf Coast Tick Amblyomma Maculatum,
2017
University of Southern Mississippi
Catalase Is A Determinant Of The Colonization And Transovarial Transmission Of Rickettsia Parkeri In The Gulf Coast Tick Amblyomma Maculatum, Khemraj Budachetri, Deepak Kumar, Shahid Karim
Faculty Publications
The Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) has evolved as a competent vector of the spotted‐fever group rickettsia, Rickettsia parkeri. In this study, the functional role of catalase, an enzyme responsible for the degradation of toxic hydrogen peroxide, in the colonization of the tick vector by R. parkeri and transovarial transmission of this pathogen to the next tick generation, was investigated. Catalase gene (CAT) expression in midgut, salivary glands and ovarian tissues exhibited a 2–11‐fold increase in transcription level upon R. parkeri infection. Depletion of CAT transcripts using an RNA‐interference approach significantly reduced R. parkeri infection …
Evidence Of Multidecadal Recruitment In The Ocean Quahog, Arctica Islandica In The Western Atlantic Ocean,
2017
University of Southern Mississippi
Evidence Of Multidecadal Recruitment In The Ocean Quahog, Arctica Islandica In The Western Atlantic Ocean, Sara M. Pace
Master's Theses
Ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica) are the longest-lived, non-colonial animals known today, with a maximum life span exceeding 500 years. Limited information is available regarding recruitment, making the sustainable management of this valuable fishery a challenge. The objective of this research was to describe the age structure and growth rates for four populations of ocean quahogs from the mid-Atlantic stock to evaluate long-term recruitment trends. Clams were sectioned for age estimation to develop population age frequencies. Initial colonization began approximately 175-250 years ago depending upon site. All sites experienced an increase in recruitment beginning in the late 1800’s to …
