Biotechnology Commons^™

Screening For Endophytic Actinobacteria To Enhance Growth And Salinity Tolerance Of Tomato Plants In The United Arab, Amira Hamdy Hassan

Theses

Salinity is one of the most decisive environmental factors limiting the productivity of crop plants, mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. An eco-friendly technology can be used to boost crop production in saline areas by using plant growth-bacteria. Endophytic actinobacteria that produce the enzyme 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic acid (ACC) Deaminase (ACCD) can modulate the levels of Ethylene (ET) in plants to reduce the effect of abiotic stresses including high salt stress. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) Evaluate endophytic actinobacterial isolates from healthy tomato plants cultivated in the UAE that are capable of producing ACCD in vitro; (2) …

Using The Embl-Ebi Clustal Omega Tool To Calculate Diversity Of Heavy Chain Phage-Display Libraries, Michael Bodri, Shane A. Webb

Georgia Journal of Science

Here we show that traditional Sanger sequencing combined with analysis tools available from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), specifically EMBOSS Transeq and Clustal Omega, is extremely effective in the analysis of naïve phage display antibody libraries for the determination of library size and diversity. The free tools are easy to use and require little manipulation of reads by hand, allowing analysis to be performed on a standard personal computer. Utilization of this technique has applicability to researchers with limited access to deep sequencing. The primary drawback to this analysis methodology is that antibodies with particular molecular or …

An Active Biodegradable Layer-By-Layer Film Based On Chitosan-Alginate-Tio2 For The Enhanced Shelf Life Of Tomatoes, Kalpani Y. Perera, Shubham Sharma, Brendan Duffy, Shiviani Pathania, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarma Jaiswal

Articles

This work aims at developing biodegradable active chitosan-alginate layer-by-layer bio-nanocomposite film with TiO₂NPs using the solvent casting method followed by CaCl₂ crosslinking for food packaging applications. The developed films enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break by 14.76 and 2 folds (p < 0.05) respectively. The UV barrier properties of CH-SA-0.3%TiO₂ film increased by 88.6%, while the film transparency decreased by 87.23%. All films showed antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, and L. monocytogene. The film with 0.1%TiO₂ showed the complete killing of gram-positive bacteria. The CH-SA-0.1%TiO₂ film was completely biodegraded during the …

Leaf Phenology And Freeze Tolerance Of The Invasive Tree Pyrus Calleryana (Roseaceae) And Potential Native Competitors, Margaret E. Maloney, Abby Hay, Eric B. Borth, Ryan W. Mcewan

Biology Faculty Publications

Pyrus calleryana is one of the most problematic invasive species in the eastern United States. The mechanisms that enable Py. calleryana to establish and outcompete native plants are not fully understood but likely include a profile of advantageous traits. Extended leaf phenology is a characteristic noted in many woody invasive plants. Leaf phenology of Py. calleryana and two native woody species, Populus deltoides and Platanus occidentalis, was observed in natural areas near Dayton, OH from December 2019 to November 2020. A frost event in May also gave us the serendipitous opportunity to assess frost tolerance of these species. We …

Reproducibility Of Protein X-Ray Diffuse Scattering And Potential Utility For Modeling Atomic Displacement Parameters, Zhen Su, Medhanjali Dasgupta, Frédéric Poitevin, Irimpan I. Mathews, Henry Van Den Bedem, Michael E. Wall, Chun Hong Yoon, Mark A. Wilson

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Protein structure and dynamics can be probed using x-ray crystallography. Whereas the Bragg peaks are only sensitive to the average unit-cell electron density, the signal between the Bragg peaks—diffuse scattering—is sensitive to spatial correlations in electron-density variations. Although diffuse scattering contains valuable information about protein dynamics, the diffuse signal is more difficult to isolate from the background compared to the Bragg signal, and the reproducibility of diffuse signal is not yet well understood. We present a systematic study of the reproducibility of diffuse scattering from isocyanide hydratase in three different protein forms. Both replicate diffuse datasets and datasets obtained from …

Mutation Of Aspergillus Sp. Using Ultraviolet Light And Nitrous Acid For Amylase Production From Banana Peels, Cyprian Erumiseli Oshoma, Johnson Oche Akor, Beckley Ikhajiagbe, Marcel James Ikenebomeh

Makara Journal of Science

Strain improvement through mutagenesis is important in the commercial development of microbial fermentation. This study aimed to produce amylase from banana (Musa sapientum) peels by using mutant Aspergillus sp. strains obtained via ultraviolet (UV) radiation and nitrous acid-based mutagenesis. Results revealed that banana peels pretreated with 0.8 N HCl had a biomass yield of 3.02 g/L and amylase activity of 2.81 U/L. Of the UV mutants, strain AUV1 had the highest biomass and amylase activity of 4.50 ± 0.21 g/L and 3.46 ± 0.14 U/L, respectively. Subsequently, HNO₂ mutants showed that strain ANA6 had 30.64% and …

Development And Optimization Of An Immunoassay For The Detection Of Antibodies Against Sars-Cov-2 With In-House Recombinant Rbd Protein, Safira Pinaka Pramestika Ratu, Silmi Mariya, Rachmitasari Noviana, Uus Saepuloh, Huda Salahudin Darusman

Makara Journal of Science

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 poses a major threat to the global community, particularly in Indonesia. Countermeasures to prevent the spread of this disease have also been implemented, including the implementation of a vaccination program. An immunoassay technique that can be used to analyze antibodies that might develop following vaccination is the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We produced the recombinant spike protein used in this study. The optimization comprised adjusted concentrations of spike recombinant protein (5 and 10 ng/mL), blocking agent (2.5% and 5%), and conjugate (1:1000 and 1:5000). The optimal conditions in this study included a spiked concentration of …

Editorial: Function And Formation Of Mitochondrial Metalloproteome, Michał Wasilewski, Vishal M. Gohil, Oleh Khalimonchuk

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Loss Of Num1-Mediated Cortical Dynein Anchoring Negatively Impacts Respiratory Growth, Antoineen J. White, Clare S. Harper, Erica M. Rosario, Jonathan V. Dietz, Hannah G. Addis, Jennifer L. Fox, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Laura L. Lackner

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Num1 is a multifunctional protein that both tethers mitochondria to the plasma membrane and anchors dynein to the cell cortex during nuclear inheritance. Previous work has examined the impact loss of Num1-based mitochondrial tethering has on dynein function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; here, we elucidate its impact on mitochondrial function. We find that like mitochondria, Num1 is regulated by changes in metabolic state, with the protein levels and cortical distribution of Num1 differing between fermentative and respiratory growth conditions. In cells lacking Num1, we observe a reproducible respiratory growth defect, suggesting a role for Num1 in not only maintaining mitochondrial …

In Silico Screening Of Violacein As An Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, Smitha S Bhat, Sindhu R, Shashanka K Prasad

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

EGFR is a key player in the signalling cascades of various kinds of cancers and tyrosine kinase inhibitors block EGFR signalling. Natural products have long been used as candidates for therapy in the management of cancer. Violacein, a bacterial pigment, has been known for its numerous biological applications such as antimicrobial, antileishmanial, antiviral, as well as antitumoral. Computational studies have concluded that it may have activity against cancers like pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, and endometrial cancer indicating its potential application as a broad range of anti-cancerous drug. This study aimed to perform the molecular docking of violacein with …

Visualizing Hormonal Effects On Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophic Growth Dynamics Using Digital Holographic Microscopy: Does Size Matter?, Jacquelyn Simmons

McNair Research Journal SJSU

Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States. Humans are unable to regenerate their heart tissue following an injury. However, neonatal mice are able to regenerate their heart tissue when cardiomyocytes (CMs) proliferate. This regenerative ability is lost approximately one week after birth when proliferating mononucleated CMs become binucleated and can no longer complete the cell-cycle. Recent studies have shown the combined inhibition of thyroid hormone (T3) and norepinephrine (NE) increases CM proliferation, promotes heart regeneration, and reduces cell size in vivo. Using digital holographic microscopy, the aim of this study was to (1) …

Examination Of The Time Delayed Induction Between Prior Encapsulation Of Catalytic Enzymes In P22 Virus-Like Particles, Andrea Hernandez Irias

Chemistry Theses

Protein cages found in nature have the ability to protect and develop new nanomaterials in order to enhance catalytic reactions. This is due to the ability of these organelle structures to mimic protein-based organelles such as Virus-Like Particles (VLPs). VLPs have the ability to not only resemble virus protein structures but to encapsulate enzymes while retaining their activity. This research examines the in vitro encapsulation withing the bacteriophage P22 derived VLP, and show that some enzymes may require a delay in encapsulation to allowed proper folding

and maturation before they can be encapsulated inside P22 as fully active enzymes. Exploring …

Using Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods And Datasets For Science, Technology, And Innovation Policy Dynamics Research In Indonesia, Putera Prakoso Bhairawa, Suryanto Suryanto, Ningrum Sinta, Widianingsih Ida, Rianto Yan

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The application of mixed methods has been widely implemented in several studies, particularly in the field of public policy; however, the implementation of convergent parallel mixed methods has been limited. Thus, such methods are appropriate to reveal the science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy dynamics in Indonesia during the 1945–2020 period, as policy dynamics research attempts to reveal the evolution of the changes regarding the policy itself. The following five concepts are analyzed through convergent parallel mixed methods: 1) regime/government change, 2) institutional change/transformation, 3) change in policy issuance, direction, and content, 4) actor role and existence, and 5) policy …

Defect And Distortion In Powder Bed Fusion Of Metal Additive Manufacturing Parts, Maurya Ajay Kumar, Kumar Amit

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

One of the state-of-the-art technologies for metal fabrication is laser powder bed fusion, which includes the following printing techniques: selective laser melting, selective laser sintering, direct metal laser sintering, and electron beam melting. This work examines defect formation in laser powder bed fusion, predominately focusing on selective laser melting. It also explores recent research findings on defect formation and classification and analyzes various internal defects, such as porosity, lack of fusion, balling, and solidification cracking. The influence of process parameters on defect formation and the effect of defects on mechanical properties are analyzed. This review also discusses defect inspection technologies …

Hydrogeochemical Analysis Of Unconfined Groundwater In The Surrounding Salt Farming Areas Of Pademawu, Madura, Indonesia, Arya Gemilang Wisnu, Jantama Wisha Ulung, Agus Mardyanto Mas

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The Pademawu coast has rapidly transformed into salt ponds, causing seawater intrusion and pollution. This study aims to examine the quality of groundwater in the surrounding settlement area of Pademawu and assess its eligibility for daily use. The psychochemical parameters of groundwater are measured in situ. Groundwater samples from several stations are analyzed in the laboratory and used to collect several chemical compounds, including Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Fe2+, Mn2+, F-, NO2-, NO3, and CaCO3. The detected concentrations are then used to calculate TH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), %Na, PI, KR, and MH. Hydrochemical calculation and interpretation …

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) As A Potential Agent Of Organic Waste Bioconversion, Purnamasari Listya, Khasanah Himmatul

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The use of black soldier fly (BSF) as a bioconversion agent has become an emerging breakthrough in waste processing. Organic wastes, such as household waste and livestock manure, can be used as a growth medium for BSF larvae and converted into favorable products. The average composting time of BSF larvae is around 12– 15 days, which is faster than that of microbes or earthworms (4–5 weeks). BSF shows potential as a feed and food ingredient because it has a high nutritional content, such as enzyme, chitin, medium-chain fatty acid, and antimicrobial peptides, and can be used as a functional food …

Design Of High Gain And Improved Front-To-Back Ratio Multilayer Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Modified Feed Line, Deb Partha Kumar, Moyra Tamasi, Bhattacharyya Bidyut Kumar

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

A novel high gain miniaturized rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed with a high front-to-back ratio (FBR) using a modified feed line and two single-sided substrate layers to operate at 2.4 GHz frequency. The feed line is modified using a step impedance technique to achieve resonance at the operating frequency. The matched impedance of the feed line helps achieve enhanced bandwidth and antenna miniaturization. The substrate layers are introduced to achieve an enhanced gain and FBR of 6.329 dBi and 27.64 dB, respectively. The impedance bandwidths of 106.9 and 94.1 MHz are achieved for the two separate designs. These proposed …

Ncoa4 Regulates Iron Recycling And Responds To Hepcidin Activity And Lipopolysaccharide In Macrophages, Cole A. Guggisberg, Juyoung Kim, Jaekwon Lee, Xiaoli Chen, Moon-Suhn Ryu

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Macrophages, via erythrophagocytosis, recycle iron from effete erythrocytes to newly developing red blood cells. Conversion of potentially cytotoxic levels of iron from its heme into nonheme form during iron recycling is safely accomplished via coordinated regulations of cellular iron transport and homeostasis. Herein, we demonstrate the roles and regulation of NCOA4 (nuclear receptor coactivator 4)-mediated ferritinophagy in macrophages after erythrophagocytosis using the mouse macrophage cell line J774 cells. Ferritin in J774 cells increased with the rise of nonheme iron by erythrocyte ingestion and declined when total cellular iron contents subsequently decreased. NCOA4, a selective autophagic cargo receptor for ferritin, was …

Mechanisms Of Carbapenemase-Mediated Resistance Among High-Risk Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lineages In Peru, Isabella A. Tickler, Juan Carlos Gomez De La Torre, Luis Alvarado, Anne E. Obradovich, Fred C. Tenover

Biology Faculty Publications

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections globally. High-risk carbapenemase-encoding P. aeruginosa clones are disseminating in many regions. The aim of this study was to learn more about the lineages and mechanisms of resistance of P. aeruginosa circulating in Peru.

Methods: A total of 141 carbapenemase-producing isolates recovered from hospitalized and ambulatory patients in Lima were sequenced and analyzed to infer their lineages through whole-genome sequence typing (wgST) and to identify their antimicrobial resistance genes.

Results: wgST identified nine sequence types (STs); ST111 and ST357 were the most frequently encountered (44.0% and 38.3%, respectively), followed …

Editorial: Mitochondria, Metabolism And Cardiovascular Diseases, Jun-Ichiro Koga, Xinghui Sun, Masuko Ushio-Fukai

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.