Biotechnology Commons^™

Hiv-Tat Exacerbates The Actions Of Atazanavir, Efavirenz, And Ritonavir On Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (Ryr2), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Chengju Tian, Sean R. Bidasee, Zachary L. Venn, Evan Schroder, Nick Y. Palermo, Mohammad Alshabeeb, Benson J. Edagwa, Jason J. Payne, Keshoer R. Bidasee

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in people living with HIV infection (PLWH), especially those with inadequate viral suppression, is high and the reasons for this remain incompletely characterized. The timely opening and closing of type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is critical for ensuring rhythmic cardiac contraction–relaxation cycles, and the disruption of these processes can elicit Ca²⁺ waves, ventricular arrhythmias, and SCD. Herein, we show that the HIV protein Tat (HIVTat: 0–52 ng/mL) and therapeutic levels of the antiretroviral drugs atazanavir (ATV: 0–25,344 ng/mL), efavirenz (EFV: 0–11,376 ng/mL), and ritonavir (RTV: 0–25,956 ng/mL) bind to and modulate the …

A Review On Nanomaterials And Nanohybrids Based Bio-Nanocomposites For Food Packaging, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

With an increasing demand for a novel, eco-friendly, high-performance packaging material “bio-nanocomposites” has attracted great attention in recent years. The review article aims at to evaluating recent innovation in bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. The current trends and research over the last three years of the various bio-nanocomposites including inorganic, organic nanomaterials, and nanohybrids, which are suitable as food packaging materials due to their advanced properties such as high mechanical, thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant are described in detail. In addition, the legislation, migration studies, and SWOT analysis on bio-nanocomposite film have been discussed. It has been observed that the …

Therapies For Mitochondrial Disorders, Kayli Sousa Smyth, Anne Mulvihill

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic, double-membrane organelles that synthesise adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria contain their own genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited from the oocyte. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mtDNA, and both code for proteins forming the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes of the respiratory chain. These complexes form a chain that allows the passage of electrons down the electron transport chain (ETC) through a proton motive force, creating ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This study aims to explore current and prospective therapies for mitochondrial disorders (MTDS). MTDS are clinical syndromes coupled with abnormalities …

Sequencing An Inserted Concatemer In Caenorhabditis Elegans Strain Hlh-29::Gfp, Simon T. Anderson

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

Hairy/Enhancer of Split (HES) proteins and their homologs play vital roles in the development of animals, and in the regulation of cancer and other diseases. HLH-29 is an REF-1 family protein and a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of human HES proteins. A transgenic animal model has been developed to facilitate analyses of this protein, containing an inserted concatemer of the green fluorescent protein reporter gene, regulated by the hlh-29 promoter, and a mutant rol-6 allele. Though the strain has been used previously, the location and structure of the insertion has been unknown. Sequencing of the whole hlh-29::gfp genome with high-molecular weight …

Studi Pendahuluan Regenerasi Eksplan Teh Sebagai Upaya Percepatan Penyediaan Bibit Unggul Secara In Vitro, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, Erni Suminar, Murgayanti

Jurnal Kultivasi

Pembiakan generatif tanaman teh yang dilakukan dengan biji, sementara secara vegetatif dengan setek tunas yang mempunyai kelemahan, antara lain jumlah bibit yang dihasilkan terbatas, perlu waktu lama untuk menyeleksi pohon induk, dan bibit yang dihasilkan kurang optimal dalam penyerapan air dan unsur hara karena perakarannya dangkal sehingga kurang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Kultur jaringan menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam perbanyakan teh memperoleh klon teh unggul, seperti klon Seri Gambung 1-11, dalam jumlah banyak dan sifatnya yang seragam. Penelitian pendahuluan ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNPAD, mulai bulan Juni hingga Desember 2021. Penelitian terdiri dari dua …

Insights Into The Biotechnology Potential Of Methanosarcina, Sean Carr, Nicole R. Buan

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Methanogens are anaerobic archaea which conserve energy by producing methane. Found in nearly every anaerobic environment on earth, methanogens serve important roles in ecology as key organisms of the global carbon cycle, and in industry as a source of renewable biofuels. Environmentally, methanogenic archaea play an essential role in the reintroducing unavailable carbon to the carbon cycle by anaerobically converting low-energy, terminal metabolic degradation products such as one and two-carbon molecules into methane which then returns to the aerobic portion of the carbon cycle. In industry, methanogens are commonly used as an inexpensive source of renewable biofuels as well as …

Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Biomolecules As Potential Biomarkers For Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis, Lina Bedoya Martinez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves progressive neurodegeneration leading to the loss of normal neuronal function. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aß), through the abnormal cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by ß- and γ-secretases, is one of the hallmarks of AD. Current research focuses on finding potential candidates for biomarkers and techniques with improved sensitivity for early disease detection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in body fluids are a source of biomarkers for AD diagnosis. EVs transport pathologically significant biomolecules, like nucleic acids and proteins, across the blood-brain barrier, mediating local and distant cell-to-cell communication. Therefore, this study evaluated EV-associated DNA and …

Nanoparticle Conjugated Photosensitizer For Targeted Photodynamic Inactivation Of Cancer Cells, Symone D. Crowder

Honors College Theses

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered to be a potential replacement for traditional methods of chemotherapy. It includes the administration of photosensitizing agents (PS), which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon excitation at a specific wavelength. With new outlooks and techniques, cancer research is advancing each day. It has allowed the progress of several theranostic drug delivery systems (DDS) exploring the area of nanomedicine.2 In the present work, a Rhodamine derivative, Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used as the PS. In general, rhodamine compounds undergo cytotoxic reactions on photoexcitation by electron transfer reactions with folic acid within cells, making them a favorable …

Detecting Bacterial Species From Ancient Human Skeletal Samples, Ariel Owens, Daisy Mcgrath, Tsai-Tien Tseng

Symposium of Student Scholars

Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) via morphological analysis is difficult and often inconsistent. With next-generation sequencing (NGS), ancient host microbiomes can be subjected to metagenomic analyses for the detection of TB in silico. Suitable bioinformatic workflows are needed for reliable ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of causative agents. This study aims to enhance available bioinformatic screening methods to create more suitable bioinformatic processes and generate insights in relation to TB.

This research utilizes publicly available NGS data accessed through the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Initial quality control steps included adapter trimming with Trim …

Clove Essential Oil And Nanoclays-Based Active Food Packaging, Kalpani Y. Perera, Shubham Sharma, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Active food packaging materials enhance the shelf-life of food products while reducing food waste. The current study aims to develop a biodegradable active food packaging material. The food packaging material was developed with the incorporation of clove essential oil, sodium alginate, gelatin, and nanoclay films were prepared. The influences of nanoclay and clove on the surface, optical, mechanical, chemical, barrier, and pH-indicating properties were studied. The lightness and yellowness increased by 1.06 folds and 3.34 folds when compared to clove (control), respectively. The UV barrier property 0.08±0.01nm in all films, while 8.37 folds reduction in transparency has been observed as …

A Systematic Literature Review On The Capability Of Sio₂-Np’S Exposure To Exacerbate Parkinson’S (Pd) Pathology And The Risk Factors For Biomedical Applications In Pd, Seth Abdallah

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Silica Dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂-NP) have become increasingly ubiquitous in industry, which has stimulated research into the potential toxicity of these compounds. Recent studies have explored the association between amorphous silica nanoparticle exposure and the potential for neurotoxicity. Additionally, research has been conducted in the application of SiO₂-NP’s in theranostics and as drug directing agents , which based on current literature may be contraindicated for individuals with conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) which is characterized by neuroinflammation. The following literature review will discuss evidence for silica dioxide nanoparticle exposure to induce neurotoxicity which may exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. …

Micropropagation Of Grammatophyllum Multiflorum Var. 'Tigrinum' Lindley And Evaluation Of Its Antimicrobial Activities, Eufrocinio Marfori

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Grammatophyllum multiflorum var. ‘tigrinum’ Lindley is an endangered orchid species endemic to the Philippines. To ensure its sustainable utilization as a source of phytochemicals, the types and concentrations of cytokinin, and auxin for shoot and root induction using nodal explants from in vitro germinated seedlings for its mass propagation were established. Seeds were germinated in vitro using MS medium without growth regulator. The nodal explants from the in vitro germinated seedlings were placed in MS medium containing different cytokinins and auxins to optimize multiple shoots and root formation, respectively. Thidiazuron (TDZ) at 2.5 μM was found to be the best …

Piglet Cardiopulmonary Bypass Induces Intestinal Dysbiosis And Barrier Dysfunction Associated With Systemic Inflammation, Jeffrey D. Salomon, Haowen Qiu, Dan Feng, Jacob Owens, Ludmila Khailova, Suzanne Osorio Lujan, John Iguidbashian, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Daryl J. Murry, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Merry L. Lindsey, Amar B. Singh, Jesse A. Davidson

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The intestinal microbiome is essential to human health and homeostasis, and is implicated in the pathophysiology of disease, including congenital heart disease and cardiac surgery. Improving the microbiome and reducing inflammatory metabolites may reduce systemic inflammation following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to expedite recovery postoperatively. Limited research exists in this area and identifying animal models that can replicate changes in the human intestinal microbiome after CPB is necessary. We used a piglet model of CPB with two groups, CPB (n=5) and a control group with mechanical ventilation (n=7), to evaluate changes to the microbiome, …

Digitally Predicting Protein Localization And Manipulating Protein Activity In Fluorescence Images Using 4d Reslicing Gan, Yang Jiao, Lingkun Gu, Yingtao Jiang, Mo Weng, Mei Yang

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

While multi-channel fluorescence microscopy is a vital imaging method in biological studies, the number of channels that can be imaged simultaneously is limited by technical and hardware limitations such as emission spectra cross-talk. One solution is using deep neural networks to model the localization relationship between two proteins so that the localization of one protein can be digitally predicted. Furthermore, the input and predicted localization implicitly reflect the modeled relationship. Accordingly, observing the response of the prediction via manipulating input localization could provide an informative way to analyze the modeled relationships between the input and the predicted proteins.

A Pooling Strategy For Detecting Carbapenem Resistance Genes By The Xpert Carba-R Test In Rectal Swab Specimens, Fred C. Tenover, Peng Zhang, Qi Wang, Chaoe Zhou, Feifei Zhang, Xinghui Gao, Yi-Wei Tang, Hui Wang

Biology Faculty Publications

Rapid and accurate detection of carriers of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) in hospitalized patients is critical for infection control and prevention. This study aimed to evaluate a pooling strategy for the detection of carbapenem resistance genes (CRG) in multiple specimens using the Xpert Carba-R test. Two rectal swabs each were collected from 415 unique patients. One swab was tested by Carba-R on the five specimen-pooled strategy. The other swab was tested individually by culture followed by DNA sequence analysis for CRG as the reference. At the first 5:1 pooling testing, 22 of 83 pools were positive, which yielded 34 positives from …

Characterization Of Algerian Apricots (Prunus Armeniaca) Using Morphological And Pomological Markers, Kaouther Boutiti, Ines Bellil, Douadi Khelifi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of an Algerian apricot germplasm. This Algerian apricot was characterized by a green-yellow skin, a red ground color, and a light orange flesh color in general. Besides, highly positive and negative significant correlations were revealed between the studied characters. Whereby, the principal component analysis explained 81% of the variability. Fruit, stone and leaves dimensions were the main features that explained evidentially the majority of variability. Moreover, the cluster analysis divided the accessions into two major groups. Thus, Algerian accessions selected in this study may have the potential to be used …

A Review Of Radiation-Induced Alterations Of Multi-Omic Profiles, Radiation Injury Biomarkers, And Countermeasures, Sushil K. Shakyawar, Nitish K. Mishra, Neetha N. Vellichirammal, Lynnette Cary, Tomáš Helikar, Robert Powers, Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan, David B. Berkowitz, Kenneth W. Bayles, Vijay K. Singh, Chittibabu Guda

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Increasing utilization of nuclear power enhances the risks associated with industrial accidents, occupational hazards, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. Exposure to ionizing radiation interferes with genomic stability and gene expression resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses. Exposure to high-dose radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and many other organ-specific injuries. Altered genomic variations, gene expression, metabolite concentrations, and microbiota profiles in blood plasma or tissue samples reflect the whole-body radiation injuries. Hence, multi-omic profiles obtained from high-resolution omics platforms offer a holistic approach …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanocomposites For Environmental Remediation, Nethaji S

Technical Collection

My current work deals with the preparation and characterization of nanocomposites for effluent treatment applications. The expertise lies on the preparation of carbonaceous nanocomposites including graphitic materials. The prepared materials are characterized thoroughly by different methods like FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, surface area and porosity. The composite materials are used for the removal of conventional and emerging contaminants like antibiotics, pesticide residues, endocrine disruptors etc. In addition to the batch studies, fabrication of microcolumns to aid the scale-up of the process is also carried out. I have published 14 research publications with around 1000 citations and h-index of 11. …

Effect Of Carnosol On G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling In Cancer Cells, Laith Jehad Ahmad Abudawood

Theses

Carnosol is a plant polyphenol compound known for its beneficial properties against human diseases such as cancer and diabetes. However, the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms involved, and its molecular targets are not fully known. Carnosol was shown to bind and to modulate specific intracellular signaling proteins in cancer cell lines. In this study, we hypothesized that carnosol may pharmacologically target specific cell surface receptors including G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTKs). Therefore, we tested the pharmacological effect of carnosol on the following receptors: Insulin Receptor (IR), Chemokine CXCL12 Receptor (CXCR4), Angiotensin II (AngII) Receptor (AT1R), Glucagon-Like …

Heterodimerization Between Chemokine Receptors Cxcr4 And Ccr7 And Its Role In Cancer, Maryam Naveed Muhammad Tariq

Theses

In physiology, the functional and physical interactions between cell surface receptors for signal molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and cytokines, provides an important mechanism of diversity and regulation of signal transduction. Therefore, investigating the functional interactions between these receptors is of great importance for understanding their role in physiology and pathophysiology with potential application in drug discovery. In this context, numerous evidences support the implication of two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR7, in many cancer types. In this study, we hypothesized that the functional, and perhaps the physical interaction, occurring between CXCR4 and CCR7 may constitute one of the key …