Hepatoprotective Role Of Sestrin2 Against
Chronic Er Stress,
2014
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Hepatoprotective Role Of Sestrin2 Against Chronic Er Stress, Hwan-Woo Park, Haeli Park, Seung-Hyun Ro, Insook Jang, Ian A. Semple, David N. Kim, Myungjin Kim, Myeongjin Nam, Deqiang Zhang, Lei Yin, Jun Hee Lee
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Upon prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cells attenuate protein translation to prevent accumulation of unfolded proteins. Here we show that Sestrin2 is critical for this process. Sestrin2 expression is induced by an ER stress-activated transcription factor CCAATenhancer- binding protein beta (c/EBPβ). Once induced, Sestrin2 halts protein synthesis by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). As Sestrin2-deficient cells continue to translate a large amount of proteins during ER stress, they are highly susceptible to ER stress-associated cell death. Accordingly, dietary or genetically induced obesity, which does not lead to any pathological indication other than simple fat accumulation in the …
Estimating The Frequency Of Cry1f Resistance In Field Populations Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae),
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Estimating The Frequency Of Cry1f Resistance In Field Populations Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Blair D. Siegfried, Murugesan Rangasamy, Haichuan Wang, Terence A. Spencer, Chirakkal V. Haridas, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Douglas V. Sumerford, Nicholas P. Storer
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Background: Transgenic corn hybrids that express toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have suppressed European corn borer populations and reduced the pest status of this insect throughout much of the US corn belt. A major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistance management and Bt corn is that the frequency of resistance alleles is low so that resistant pests surviving exposure to Bt corn will be rare. Results: The frequency of resistance to the Cry1F Bt toxin was estimated using two different screening tools and compared with annual susceptibility monitoring based on diagnostic bioassays and LC50 …
Physiological And Transcriptional Memory In Guard Cells During
Repetitive Dehydration Stress,
2014
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Physiological And Transcriptional Memory In Guard Cells During Repetitive Dehydration Stress, Laetitia Virlouvet, Michael E. Fromm
Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Arabidopsis plants subjected to a daily dehydration stress and watered recovery cycle display physiological and transcriptional stress memory. Previously stressed plants have stomatal apertures that remain partially closed during a watered recovery period, facilitating reduced transpiration during a subsequent dehydration stress. Guard cells (GCs) display transcriptional memory that is similar to that in leaf tissues for some genes, but display GC-specific transcriptional memory for other genes. The rate-limiting abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3) and ALDEHYDE OXIDASE 3 (AAO3) are expressed at much higher levels in GCs, particularly during the watered recovery interval, relative to their low …
The Pseudomonas Syringae Type Iii Effector Hopd1 Suppresses
Effector-Triggered Immunity, Localizes To The Endoplasmic
Reticulum, And Targets The Arabidopsis Transcription Factor Ntl9,
2014
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
The Pseudomonas Syringae Type Iii Effector Hopd1 Suppresses Effector-Triggered Immunity, Localizes To The Endoplasmic Reticulum, And Targets The Arabidopsis Transcription Factor Ntl9, Anna Block, Tania Y. Toruno, Christian G. Elowsky, Chi Zhang, Jens Steinbrenner, Jim Beynon, James R. Alfano
Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors are known to suppress plant immunity to promote bacterial virulence. However, the activities and targets of these effectors are not well understood. We used genetic, molecular, and cell biology methods to characterize the activities, localization, and target of the HopD1 type III effector in Arabidopsis. HopD1 contributes to P. syringae virulence in Arabidopsis and reduces effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses but not pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) responses. Plants expressing HopD1 supported increased growth of ETI-inducing P. syringae strains compared with wild-type Arabidopsis. We show that HopD1 interacts with the membrane-tethered Arabidopsis transcription factor NTL9 and …
In Vitro Characterization Of Unmodified And Pyroglutamylated Alzheimer's Amyloid Beta Peptide,
2014
University of Central Florida
In Vitro Characterization Of Unmodified And Pyroglutamylated Alzheimer's Amyloid Beta Peptide, Jason Matos
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Plaques of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) are a hallmark trait of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the precise role of Aβ aggregates is not well understood. Recent studies have identified that naturally occurring N-terminal truncation and pyroglutamylation of Aβ significantly increases its neurotoxicity by an unknown mechanism. Content of pyroglutamylated Aβ (pE-Aβ) in AD brains has been shown to reach up to 50% of total Aβ. Modified pE-Aβ co-aggregates with Aβ by a seeding mechanism and forms structurally distinct and highly toxic oligomers. We studied structural transitions of the full-length Aβ1-42, its pyroglutamylated form AβpE3-42, their 9:1 (Aβ1-42/AβpE3-42) and 1:1 molar …
Establishment Of Methods For Isolation Of Pnmt+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells,
2014
University of Central Florida
Establishment Of Methods For Isolation Of Pnmt+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells, Namita Varudkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Millions of patients suffer each year from endothelial dysfunction and/or debilitating myocardial damage resulting in decreased quality of life and increased risk of death or disablement. Current pharmacological approaches are only partly effective at treating cardiovascular disease, and hence, better strategies are needed to provide significant improvements in treatment options. Cardiac stem/progenitor cells have the potential to regenerate myocardial tissue and repair damaged heart muscle. There are many different types of cardiac progenitor cells, and each may have certain unique properties and characteristics that would likely be useful …
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Phosphatase Activity And Its Control,
2014
University of Central Florida
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Phosphatase Activity And Its Control, Atul Dhall
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cerium oxide nanoparticles are established scavengers of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. They have many potential biomedical applications that depend on their physicochemical properties and mode of preparation. Recent studies have found these nanoparticles possess phosphatase mimetic activity. Studying such catalytic activities will qualify their biomedical applications and render information on their bioavailability and potential toxicity. Two oxidation states of cerium exist in these nanoparticles (3+ or 4+). It is hypothesized that the oxidation state of cerium in the nanoparticles determines the amount of adsorbed water on the crystal lattices. This in turn governs their activity as phosphatases. Nanoparticles with …
Evaluations Of A Mechanistic Hypothesis For The Influence Of Extracellular Ions On Electroporation Due To High-Intensity, Nanosecond Pulsing,
2014
Old Dominion University
Evaluations Of A Mechanistic Hypothesis For The Influence Of Extracellular Ions On Electroporation Due To High-Intensity, Nanosecond Pulsing, V. Sridhara, R. P. Joshi
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
The effect of ions present in the extracellular medium on electroporation by high-intensity, short-duration pulsing is studied through molecular dynamic simulations. Our simulation results indicate that mobile ions in the medium might play a role in creating stronger local electric fields across membranes that then reinforce and strengthen electroporation. Much faster pore formation is predicted in higher conductivity media. However, the impact of extracellular conductivity on cellular inflows, which depend on transport processes such as electrophoresis, could be different as discussed here. Our simulation results also show that interactions between cations (Na+ in this case) and the carbonyl oxygen of …
Nanometer-Scale Membrane Electrode Systems For Active Protein Separation, Enzyme Immobilization And Cellular Electroporation,
2014
University of Kentucky
Nanometer-Scale Membrane Electrode Systems For Active Protein Separation, Enzyme Immobilization And Cellular Electroporation, Zhiqiang Chen
Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering
Automated and continuous processes are the future trends in downstream protein purification. A functionalized nanometer-scale membrane electrode system, mimicking the function of cell wall transporters, can selectively capture genetically modified proteins and subsequently pump them through the system under programmed voltage pulses. Numerical study of the two-step pulse pumping cycles coupled with experimental His-GFP releasing study reveals the optimal 14s/1s pumping/repel pulse pumping condition at 10 mM bulk imidazole concentration in the permeate side. A separation factor for GFP: BSA of 9.7 was achieved with observed GFP electrophoretic mobility of 3.1×10-6 cm2 s-1 V-1 at 10 …
Diagnostic Patents At The Supreme Court,
2014
Duke Law School
Diagnostic Patents At The Supreme Court, Arti K. Rai
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Costs Of Changing Our Minds,
2014
Duke Law School
The Costs Of Changing Our Minds, Nita A. Farahany
Faculty Scholarship
This isn’t quite a draft yet – it’s a concept paper. You’ll see after the first 10 pages a good bit of text in brackets, which are primarily notes for me, but it’ll give you a sense of the content of those sections. I’d like to talk through the concept – the “duty” to mitigate emotional distress damages and how courts have struggled with it, as a foray into a broader dichotomy that I see in a number of areas of law that suggest an implicit value in “cognitive liberty.” This is a smaller version of a broader book project …
Crowdfunding For Biotechs: How The Sec’S Proposed Rule May Undermine Capital Formation For Startups,
2013
The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law
Crowdfunding For Biotechs: How The Sec’S Proposed Rule May Undermine Capital Formation For Startups, Brian J. Farnkoff
Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015)
No abstract provided.
Transcriptional Co-Repressor Response Of Arabidopsis Thaliana To Different Abiotic Stress,
2013
LSU New Orleans
Transcriptional Co-Repressor Response Of Arabidopsis Thaliana To Different Abiotic Stress, Bhuwan Guragain
LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
Plants adapt to the complex environmental challenges by regulating their gene expression. Analyses of plant genomes have identified many genes that are either expressed or repressed during environmental stress. However we do not have much information on gene repression. Transcriptional repression in Arabidopsis thaliana is caused by co-repressors that lack the DNA binding domain and are recruited by transcription factors to regulate target gene expression. The Sridhar lab has identified co-repressors SLK1, SLK2, and LUH, which prevent the expression of stress response genes under non-stress conditions. Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing the GUS under the control of co-repressor’s promoter were created, …
Anion-Peptide Adduct Formation And Decomposition As Studied By Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (Ft-Icr) Mass Spectrometry,
2013
University of New Orleans
Anion-Peptide Adduct Formation And Decomposition As Studied By Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (Ft-Icr) Mass Spectrometry, Xiaohua Liu
LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
A new “best match” match model has been developed to account for adduct formation on multiply charged peptides observed in negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. To obtain a stable adduct, the model necessitates an approximate matching of apparent gas-phase basicity (GBapp) of a given proton bearing site on the peptide with the gas-phase basicity (GB) of the anion attaching at that site. Evidence supporting the model is derived from the fact that singly charged adducts were only observed for lower GB anions: HSO4-, I-, CF3COO-. Ions that have medium GBs (NO …
The Effects Of Salinity, Ph, Temperature, And Dissolved Oxygen On Sensitivity Of Pcr Identification Of T4 Bacteriophage,
2013
Coastal Carolina University
The Effects Of Salinity, Ph, Temperature, And Dissolved Oxygen On Sensitivity Of Pcr Identification Of T4 Bacteriophage, Joesph F. Cannon, Nicholas A. Thurn, Paul E. Richardson
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Bacteriophages are used as indicators of pathogenic bacteria in drinking, and wastewaters. They also show potential in limiting aquatic bacterial populations through their lytic properties. The effect of different water characteristics (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature) on the sensitivity of the PCR identification of virus particles were analyzed to determine at what levels bacteriophage can be detected in environmental samples. Results from this preliminary study indicate that a PCR bacteriophage detection technique has potential as a relatively efficient and economical indicator of coliform contamination in multiple aquatic environments. While further evaluation is needed, the protocol appears to function in …
Biochemical Assay Optimization And Computational Screening Efforts To Identify Potential Luxs Inhibitors,
2013
University of San Francisco
Biochemical Assay Optimization And Computational Screening Efforts To Identify Potential Luxs Inhibitors, Keeshia Q. Wang
Master's Theses
Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of coordination of bacterial gene expression in response to cell population. System two QS is regulated by the small signaling molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and is implicated in the infectious behaviors of various bacterial species. AI-2 is biosynthesized from S-ribosylhomocysteine (SRH) by the enzyme LuxS and induces interspecies cell-to-cell communication. Inhibition of LuxS would therefore inhibit interspecies QS. Herein, a search for novel molecular species that will competitively bind with SRH in the LuxS binding site is performed in silico. Computational screening results are then validated in vitro using an optimized LuxS inhibition …
Ua66 Ogden College Of Science & Engineering Newsletter,
2013
Western Kentucky University
Ua66 Ogden College Of Science & Engineering Newsletter, Cheryl Stevens, Dean
Ogden College of Science & Engineering Publications
No abstract provided.
Electrotransfer Of Single-Stranded Or Double-Stranded Dna Induces Complete Regression Of Palpable B16.F10 Mouse Melanomas,
2013
Old Dominion University
Electrotransfer Of Single-Stranded Or Double-Stranded Dna Induces Complete Regression Of Palpable B16.F10 Mouse Melanomas, Loree Heller, Vesba Todorovic, Maja Cemazar
Bioelectrics Publications
Enhanced tumor delivery of plasmid DNA with electric pulses in vivo has been confirmed in many preclinical models. Intratumor electrotransfer of plasmids encoding therapeutic molecules has reached Phase II clinical trials. In multiple preclinical studies, a reduction in tumor growth, increased survival or complete tumor regression have been observed in control groups in which vector or backbone plasmid DNA electrotransfer was performed. This study explores factors that could produce this antitumor effect. The specific electrotransfer pulse protocol employed significantly potentiated the regression. Tumor regression was observed after delivery of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA with or without CpG motifs in both …
Near-Infrared Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence Using Silver Nanoparticles In Solution,
2013
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Near-Infrared Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence Using Silver Nanoparticles In Solution, Michael D. Furtaw
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Fluorescence spectroscopy is a widely used detection technology in many research and clinical assays. Further improvement to assay sensitivity may enable earlier diagnosis of disease, novel biomarker discovery, and ultimately, improved outcomes of clinical care along with reduction in costs. Near-infrared, surface-enhanced fluorescence (NIR-SEF) is a promising approach to improve assay sensitivity via simultaneous increase in signal with a reduction in background. This dissertation describes research conducted with the overall goal to determine the extent to which fluorescence in solution may be enhanced by altering specific variables involved in the formation of plasmonactive nanostructures of dye-labeled protein and silver nanoparticles …
Tracking The Cellulolytic Activity Of Clostridium Thermocellum Biofilms,
2013
University of Toronto
Tracking The Cellulolytic Activity Of Clostridium Thermocellum Biofilms, Alexandru Dumitrache, Gideon M. Wolfaardt, David Allen, Steven N. Liss, Lee R. Lynd
Dartmouth Scholarship
Microbial cellulose conversion by Clostridium thermocellum 27405 occurs predominantly through the activity of substrate-adherent bacteria organized in thin, primarily single cell-layered biofilms. The importance of cellulosic surface exposure to microbial hydrolysis has received little attention despite its implied impact on conversion kinetics.
