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Articles 179221 - 179250 of 194107

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Construction Of Road Embankments Over Very Soft Soil Using Band Drains And Preloading, John D. Nelson, Brian P. Wrench Jun 1988

Construction Of Road Embankments Over Very Soft Soil Using Band Drains And Preloading, John D. Nelson, Brian P. Wrench

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

As part of a new national road being constructed in South Africa an embankment was built over a deep deposit of very soft soil. To enhance stability the embankment was built in several stages and in order to reduce the time required for consolidation between stages, band drains were installed in the foundation soils. The soils were instrumented to monitor pore water pressure and settlement. The results of the monitoring phase showed that the band drains were effective and operated as designed. This paper presents the results of the monitoring and discusses the prediction of degree of consolidation from settlement …

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Construction Problems With An Earth And Rockfill Dam, Hasan Hejazi Jun 1988

Construction Problems With An Earth And Rockfill Dam, Hasan Hejazi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Earth and rockfill dams became popular in the 1960's primarily because of increased heights of dams, poor foundation conditions that rule out concrete dams, and vast improvements in excavation and vibratory compaction equipment. Such equipment made excavation and processing of rock and placement of rockfill much more economical than in the past. Due to the unique composition and the critical zone construction of earth and rockfill dams, they are subject to different types of problems. Some problems may be discovered and corrected during construction. Such problems cause changes in contract documents and delays in work, as in the case of …

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Control Of Surficial Slides By Different Erosion Control Techniques, T. K. Natarajan, A. V. S. R. Murty, Deep Chandra Jun 1988

Control Of Surficial Slides By Different Erosion Control Techniques, T. K. Natarajan, A. V. S. R. Murty, Deep Chandra

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Many natural and embankment slopes fall due to the erosion of the top surficial soil mantle. Denudation of vegetation from soil slopes combined with the further steepening of slopes due to natural and man-made causes such as cuts result in such a type of failure. Essentially, the corrective measures appropriate for stabilizing these slopes comprise erosion control by establishing vegetation on the slope. The methods of vegetative turfing include asphalt mulch, coir/jute netting, geogrids and stone apron techniques. The paper sets forth the case history giving details of some of the relatively new techniques for erosion control on a hill …

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Cracking Studies At Sand H Basin By The Finite Element Method, Trevor Smith, Clifton E. Deal Jun 1988

Cracking Studies At Sand H Basin By The Finite Element Method, Trevor Smith, Clifton E. Deal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An existing 30 feet high debris basin embankment has been found to be severely cracked longitudinally. Few investigations or analysis of longitudinal cracking are reported. This paper presents the results of a finite element analysis using in situ properties of the soils and gives recommendations for future use of the FEM for cracking studies at existing dams.

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Deformation Response Of Some Earth And Rock-Fill Dams, T. Ramamurthy, S. L. Jain Jun 1988

Deformation Response Of Some Earth And Rock-Fill Dams, T. Ramamurthy, S. L. Jain

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vertical compressional data obtained from 10 earth and earth rock fill darns built in India has been analysed for during construction and post-construction response. The performance of these darns has been compared with some darns built in USA wherein the construction practices have been similar. The contributions of various factors, namely height of embankment, gradation and plasticity of soil, and placement conditions of moisture and density have been examined. A major portion of the total compression occurred by the end of construction. These compressions were found to be the functions of the height of the embankment. Both the compressions across …

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Design And Construction Of Geocell Mattress As Embankment Foundation, Alistair J. T. Gilchrist Jun 1988

Design And Construction Of Geocell Mattress As Embankment Foundation, Alistair J. T. Gilchrist

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the use of a high strength Geocell mattress as a new solution to the problem of the construction of embankments on soft foundations. The paper deals in detail with the design of the Geocell mattress to support and distribute the imposed loading onto soft foundation. It considers the plastic condition of the soft clay to determine the factor of safety against foundation failure. Two case studies will be examined to illustrate the construction techniques. Monitoring of settlement during construction of the Geocell and during embankment filling is compared with predicted values.

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Design And Performance Of Arena Dam, James R. Schneider, Roger W. Lindquist, George K. Sammy Jun 1988

Design And Performance Of Arena Dam, James R. Schneider, Roger W. Lindquist, George K. Sammy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Arena Dam is located in north-central Trinidad, West Indies. The dam forms a 35,000-acre-foot reservoir, which serves as the main raw water storage facility for Trinidad. The 1.6-million-cubic-yard earthfill embankment has a crest elevation 80 feet above the original streambed. The upstream-sloping core is composed of dispersive clay. The shells are composed of compacted fine sand and silty fine sand. The dam is founded on deep, stiff, fissured clay deposits interbedded with sand. The project is located approximately 12 miles from the El Pilar Fault, a major Caribbean fault with seismic activity comparable to that of the San Andreas Fault …

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Dike Reconstruction Polder Oudendijk, J. A. Van Herpen, J. De Pee Jun 1988

Dike Reconstruction Polder Oudendijk, J. A. Van Herpen, J. De Pee

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reconstruction of dikes on soft subsoil is a common practice in the Netherlands. However in recent years some slidings of innerslopes have occurred in the execution phase due to very large and rapidly placed replenishments. Therefore investigations have been made for new methods to determine the short term stability of the soil structures. This paper describes the problems experienced during the reconstruction of a polder dike in the western part of the Netherlands, based on which several new methods are tested.

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Evaluation Of The Failure Of An Important Dike In The Netherlands, J. Dekker Jun 1988

Evaluation Of The Failure Of An Important Dike In The Netherlands, J. Dekker

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Flood embankments are extensively used in the lower Meuse-Rhine delta to contain the rivers & to protect the towns & the polders below mean sea level. Stability of these embankments is by their nature crucially important & has to be considered under a variety of conditions, from their staged construction or strengthening to their long term behaviour. ln 1984 the landside slope of such a recently heightened & enlarged embankments constructed on a weak post-glacial peat & clay deposit, failed over a length of about 100 m causing the demolition of 4 houses & necessitating extensive stabilization works. A precise …

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Excessive Seepage Losses At Westwood Lake Dam, B. Bailey, E. Bloom, T. R. West, J. A. Mundell Jun 1988

Excessive Seepage Losses At Westwood Lake Dam, B. Bailey, E. Bloom, T. R. West, J. A. Mundell

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Excessive seepage losses at Westwood Lake Darn in east-central Indiana were apparent in 1974 during first filling of the lake when seepage areas developed downstream of the dam and abutments. Several remedial studies were performed which included additional test borings, field and laboratory tests, installation of observation wells, and a review of the site geology and hydrology. Data and observations from these studies were used to develop semi-quantitative assessments of seepage loss rates as related to lake levels. These analyses served as a basis for design of a major repair which consisted of blanketing a significant portion of the lake …

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Failure And Repair Of The Slope Of Railway Embankments And Expansive Soils, Zun Jing Ke, Chao-Hai Yong, Yun-Huang Chang Jun 1988

Failure And Repair Of The Slope Of Railway Embankments And Expansive Soils, Zun Jing Ke, Chao-Hai Yong, Yun-Huang Chang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper mainly discusses the stability of the slope of the four sections of railway embankments of expansive soils, describes their basic condition and the properties of the soil materials, analyzes the types and causes of slope failures, discusses the repair of such slopes, and the remedial measures to prevent recurrent of the slides, and sums up experience of using expansive soils to construct railway embankments.

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Failure Of Flood Banks Due To Under Seepage, Arthur Marsland Jun 1988

Failure Of Flood Banks Due To Under Seepage, Arthur Marsland

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Several failures of floodbanks caused by increases in water pressure and seepage in foundation soils during abnormal high floodwater conditions have been investigated. The particular type of failure which occurred depended upon the sequences of the foundation strata, the overall bank profile, and the height and duration of the floodwater. Both rotational and translational slides occurred in banks built on sands, peats and clays with underlaying sandy gravels. Breaches occurred when the cress was sufficiently lowered to allow substantial overtopping or where gaps developed at the ends of the translational slides. Development of erosion pipes in multi-layered soils led to …

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Failure Of Railway Embankment, J. Christodoulias, H. Giannaros Jun 1988

Failure Of Railway Embankment, J. Christodoulias, H. Giannaros

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This article deals with the failure of a railway embankment in North Peloponese. The geotechnical investigation that followed aimed to specify the causes of the failure. The results of the above investigation are presented, an evaluation of the causes of failure is discussed and the remedial measures which 'have been taken are thoroughly described.

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Field Observation And Finite Element Analysis Of A Subway Excavation, Roberto Azevedo, Luis Anibal Santos Jun 1988

Field Observation And Finite Element Analysis Of A Subway Excavation, Roberto Azevedo, Luis Anibal Santos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper analyzes a braced excavation executed during the construction of Rio de Janeiro City subway along a street (Catete Street) in which several old and historical buildings existed and should be preserved. The excavation had an average depth of 13 meters and was executed almost ten years ago in a subsoil in which the principal problems were caused by a 6 meters thick loose sand layer, underlaid by a 4 meter thick silty organic clay layer. Several buildings were damaged and had to be repaired. The objective of this paper is to show that even using the incomplete laboratory …

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History Of Tehri Rockfill Dam Design, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania Jun 1988

History Of Tehri Rockfill Dam Design, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A 260.5 m high rockfill dam is one of the main components of Tehri Dam Project which is under construction for the last over seventeen years. During this period detailed site investigations have been carried out and design of the dam is kept under constant review. A number of studies are conducted to provide feasible solutions to anticipated problems. The paper describes main design features of the dam mentioning the changes necessitated time to time with regard to these.

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Horizontal And Vertical Movements Of Red Clay Highway Embankments, F. J. Gichaga, F. S. Atibu, B. K. Sahu Jun 1988

Horizontal And Vertical Movements Of Red Clay Highway Embankments, F. J. Gichaga, F. S. Atibu, B. K. Sahu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents results of a study of horizontal and vertical movements of five highway embankments made up of red clay (red coffee soil). The highway embankments studied ranged from 4m to 15m in height. The study also involved laboratory testing of the red soils which form these embankments. Results of laboratory tests were used to compute cracking and collapse potentials of the embankments. Results of field investigations showed embankments to suffer horizontal as well as vertical movements. It was further established that in the case of the embankments, whose bituminous pavements had showed severe longitudinal surface cracks, the cracking …

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Hydrostatic Pressure At A Soil-Structure Interface, R. Craig Findlay Jun 1988

Hydrostatic Pressure At A Soil-Structure Interface, R. Craig Findlay

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history of hydrostatic pressure development along the soil-structure interfaces of a water retaining structure is discussed in this paper to illustrate the use of instrumentation to verify expected performance during construction. For the project described, the development of hydrostatic pressure along the soil-structure interface during and after head pond watering was monitored using pneumatic piezometers. Monitoring of the piezometers detected a high hydrostatic pressure caused by a leaky contraction joint seal. Subsequent repair of the seal reduced water levels along the interface to expected levels, resulting in successful operation of the facility.

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Improvement Of Mechanical Properties Of Soft Soils By Use Of A Pre-Loading Embankment, F. Colleselli, P. Simonini, M. Soranzo Jun 1988

Improvement Of Mechanical Properties Of Soft Soils By Use Of A Pre-Loading Embankment, F. Colleselli, P. Simonini, M. Soranzo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A preloading embankment, and its foundation soil, have been closely monitored in the Po river delta (Italy). After showing that the complete consolidation of the peaty and clayey soil has taken place, the shear strength increase measured with various tests has been considered and analyzed.

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Investigation Of Settlements Of A Trunk Road Embankment In Hong Kong, P. L. R. Pang, Y. C. Chan Jun 1988

Investigation Of Settlements Of A Trunk Road Embankment In Hong Kong, P. L. R. Pang, Y. C. Chan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A 25 m high fill embankment was constructed as part of a Trunk Road scheme in Hong Kong. In June 1985, large settlements of the order of 250 mm were observed in the embankment. This was followed by a local slippage of surface material from the downstream slope face. To meet the schedule for opening the trunk road in late September, a number of emergency measures costing about HK$1 M (US$0.13 M) were implemented to stabilize the embankment. An investigation was subsequently carried out to assess the cause of the movement and the long term stability of the embankment. This …

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Iron Gates Ii: Design And Performance Of Dams – Geotechnical Considerations, I. I. Corda Jun 1988

Iron Gates Ii: Design And Performance Of Dams – Geotechnical Considerations, I. I. Corda

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The first part of this paper briefly presents the concept of design and construction of the Iron Gates II dams. The paper will concentrate on the works performed by the author for geotechnical investigations concerning the foundation and embankment materials. Based on the in situ investigations and large scale laboratory test data the numerical analysis for earth darn was carried out. In the second part, the observation and instrumented behaviour of foundations material were related to particular aspects: river left bank instability and earth dam connection; foundation rebound during excavation for concrete structures; settlements, pore pressures and total pressures monitoring …

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Kerrville Ponding Dam, Guadalupe River, Texas, W. R. Stroman, R. R. W. Beene, P. D. Thornhill Jun 1988

Kerrville Ponding Dam, Guadalupe River, Texas, W. R. Stroman, R. R. W. Beene, P. D. Thornhill

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Kerrville Ponding Dam is a relatively small channel dam in the Guadalupe River in Kerrville, Texas. The dam is 22 feet (6.7M) high and 600 feet (183M) long and provides a water supply for the City of Kerrville. The dam was constructed during 1979-1980. Seepage problems in the abutments were observed during the initial filling of the reservoir. Some minor corrections to the problems were made at that time. In June 1981, after a moderate flood flow passed over the dam, additional seepage problems occurred. The downstream slope protection was displaced to the extent that cracks appeared in the concrete. …

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Lessons Learned From Case Histories Performance Of Earth Dams, Embankments, And Natural Slopes, M. L. Silver, R. Riccioni Jun 1988

Lessons Learned From Case Histories Performance Of Earth Dams, Embankments, And Natural Slopes, M. L. Silver, R. Riccioni

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Monitoring Of The Canales Dam And Its Control During Construction Period, Javier Andreu Posse, Rafael Portilla Hermosilla, J. M. Martínez Santamaría Jun 1988

Monitoring Of The Canales Dam And Its Control During Construction Period, Javier Andreu Posse, Rafael Portilla Hermosilla, J. M. Martínez Santamaría

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents a study of the stress-deformation behaviour of the Canales Dam (Granada) during construction. The basis for this study has been the three dimensional (3D) finite elements method with hyperbolic material response. The analytical procedure used is presented and the study concludes with a comparative study of the results obtained from the calculation programme used and monitoring system's measurements.

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Openpit Mine Slope Stability – A Case Study, V. K. Singh, B. D. Baliga, B. Singh Jun 1988

Openpit Mine Slope Stability – A Case Study, V. K. Singh, B. D. Baliga, B. Singh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

For profitability steep overall slope angle is essential for openpit mines without endangering the safety for the life time of the pit. Openpits have been designed to depths of 150 to 200 metres. For optimum slope angles of the footwall and the hanging wall of a rock phosphate mine, near Udaipur, Rajasthan , geotechnical investigation covering discontinuity mapping, analysis of data, testing of geo-mechanical properties in laboratory and in in-situ condition were conducted. Slope monitoring was done by precise surveying instruments to give advance warning of impending ground movement. On the basis of geotechnical studies the mine has been designed …

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Overview Of Highland Valley Tailings Storage Facility, M. D. Scott, E. J. Klohn, R. C. Lo, Ken K. Lum Jun 1988

Overview Of Highland Valley Tailings Storage Facility, M. D. Scott, E. J. Klohn, R. C. Lo, Ken K. Lum

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents key features of the Highland Valley tailings storage facility comprising two tailings dams, a 107 m high H-H Dam and a 166 m high L-L Dam. The construction history to date including instrumentation observations is also reviewed. Although the tailings facility is situated in a low to moderate seismic area within the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, potential earthquake sources that might have an impact on the site have been carefully assessed. Both dams are designed to have adequate seismic resistance against design earthquakes appropriate for the site. The L-L Dam valley section, involving soft lacustrine deposits …

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Penitas Dam – In Situ Stress-Strain Characteristics Of Materials, Jesús Alberro, Gabriel Macedo, Luis Montañez, Francisco González-Valencia Jun 1988

Penitas Dam – In Situ Stress-Strain Characteristics Of Materials, Jesús Alberro, Gabriel Macedo, Luis Montañez, Francisco González-Valencia

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The deformability properties of all the materials of Penitas Dam (43-m high) are estimated based upon the measurement of total stresses, pore pressures and strains by means of the instrumentation placed inside the embankment. The results of these measurements indicate that all the materials show octahedral stress-octahedral strain cuasilinear relationships as if they were elastic. The values of the deformability moduli E and the Poisson's ratios v computed from these relationships are compared with the moduli E obtained by means of confined plate bearing tests made in situ during construction of the dam, and are also used to feed a …

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Performance Evaluation Of Rarem Dam, M. C. Goel, Djoko Mudjihardjo Jun 1988

Performance Evaluation Of Rarem Dam, M. C. Goel, Djoko Mudjihardjo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

28.0 m high zoned Rarem dam in Indonesia was instrumented with hydraulic piezometers, electrical Carlson type piezometers Cassagrande type vertical stand pipe piezometers, inclinometers, and surface settlement points. The analysis of observational data has indicated that settlement took place almost simultaneously with construction of dam and reservoir filling. Very low construction pore pressures were observed and phreatic line developed almost simultaneously with reservoir filling. The results of efficiency of grout curtain based on electrical analogy model studies are also discussed in the paper.

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Performance Of A Coal Refuse Embankment, David C. Cowherd, Vlad G. Perlea, Alvin Coulson Jun 1988

Performance Of A Coal Refuse Embankment, David C. Cowherd, Vlad G. Perlea, Alvin Coulson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Continuous determinations of density, moisture content, and permeability through a 140-foot high coarse refuse embankment impounding slurry were made. The density determinations were made with nuclear moisture-density depth gauges continuously throughout 120-foot depth of the embankment. The permeability tests were made with a special packer permeability device and were conducted throughout the 120-foot depth of the embankment. Compaction density tests were made during compaction of the refuse. Comparisons were made to design, as-compacted, and in-place permeabilities, densities, and phreatic surface within the embankment. The study shows that coarse refuse embankments compacted in roughly 18-inch lifts with a special dozer and …

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Performance Of A Harbor Embankment, D. G. Anderson, J. G. Dehner, T. B. King Jun 1988

Performance Of A Harbor Embankment, D. G. Anderson, J. G. Dehner, T. B. King

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An instrumentation program to monitor deformations and pore pressures in foundation soils during construction of a container wharf and backlands fill at the Port of Los Angeles is described in this paper. Inclinometers, vertical settlement systems, and pneumatic pore-pressure transducers were used to monitor the performance of a silty clay during various phases of container wharf and backlands construction. Results of the monitoring program and their impacts on wharf construction are presented and discussed. Instrumentation program refinements that were required during data gathering and interpretation are also noted.

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Performance Of An Earthdam And Cut-Off Through Deep Alluvium, N. H. Wade, L. F. Wei, L. J. Courage, R. A. Keys Jun 1988

Performance Of An Earthdam And Cut-Off Through Deep Alluvium, N. H. Wade, L. F. Wei, L. J. Courage, R. A. Keys

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The main dam at the Bighorn development consists of a zoned earthfill embankment with a concrete cut-off wall constructed through the river alluvium by the slurry trench technique. Upon first filling of the reservoir in 1972, erratic drops in piezometric heads in the alluvium upstream of the cut-off and significant downstream leakage prompted the construction of a weight berm at the downstream toe and implementation of a program of regular monitoring of all piezometers and seepage measuring facilities. Concern for the integrity of the structure was not allayed until completion of a dam safety evaluation in 1984. The paper summarizes …

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