Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Commons^™

Quantum Algorithm And Circuit Design Solving The Poisson Equation, Yudong Cao, Anargyros Papageorgiou, Iasonas Petras, Joseph Traub, Sabre Kais

Birck and NCN Publications

The Poisson equation occurs in many areas of science and engineering. Here we focus on its numerical solution for an equation in d dimensions. In particular we present a quantum algorithm and a scalable quantum circuit design which approximates the solution of the Poisson equation on a grid with error epsilon. We assume we are given a superposition of function evaluations of the right-hand side of the Poisson equation. The algorithm produces a quantum state encoding the solution. The number of quantum operations and the number of qubits used by the circuit is almost linear in d and polylog in …

Experimental Study Of Nanofiber Production Through Forcespinning, Simon Padron, Arturo Fuentes, Dumitru Caruntu, Karen Lozano

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

A newly developed method of producing nanofibers, called forcespinning, has proven to be a viable alternative to mass produce nanofibers. Unlike electrospinning, the most common method currently being employed (which draws fibers through the use of electrostatic force), forcespinning utilizes centrifugal forces which allow for a host of new materials to be processed into nanofibers (given that electric fields are not required) while also providing a significant increase in yield and ease of production. This work presents a detailed explanation of the fiber formation process. The study is conducted using high speed photography to capture the jet initiation process at …

Co-Electrophoretic Deposition Of Liquid Metal And Silicon For Lithium-Ion Battery Application, Hanfei Zhang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

A low cost electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process was successfully used for liquid metal thin film deposition with a high depositing rate of 0.6 µ/min. Furthermore, silicon nano-powder and liquid metal were then simultaneously deposited as the negative electrode of lithium-ion battery by a technology called co-EPD. The liquid metal was hoping to act as the matrix for silicon particles during lithium ion insertion and distraction. Half-cell testing was performed using as prepared co-EPD sample. An initial discharge capacity of 1500 mAh/g was reported for nano-silicon and galinstan electrode, although the capacity fading issue of these samples was also observed.

Colloidal Nano-Apatite Particles With Active Luminescent And Magentic Properties For Biotechnology Applications, Rajendra Kasinath, Kumar Ganesan

Environmental Engineering

Colloidal Nano-apatite Particles with Active Luminescent and Magentic Properties for Biotechnology Applications. The synthesis of functional nano-materials is a burgeoning field that has produced remarkable and consistent breakthroughs over the last two decades. Individual particles have become smaller and shown potential for well defined functionality. However, there are still unresolved problems, a primary one being the loss of functionality and novelty due to uncontrolled aggregation driven by surface energy considerations. As such the first design criteria to harness the true potential of nanoparticles is to prevent unwanted agglomeration by: (1) improving, and, if possible, (2) controlling aggregation behavior. This requires …

Multiscale Modeling Of Liquid Crystalline/Nanotube Composites, Sharil Patrale

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

The objective of this research is to synthesize structural composites designed with particular areas defined with custom modulus, strength and toughness values in order to improve the overall mechanical behavior of the composite. Such composites are defined and referred to as 3D-designer composites. These composites will be formed from liquid crystalline polymers and carbon nanotubes. The fabrication process is a variation of rapid prototyping process, which is a layered, additive-manufacturing approach. Composites formed using this process can be custom designed by apt modeling methods for superior performance in advanced applications. The focus of this research is on enhancement of Young's …

A Mathematical Evaluation Of Hemodynamic Parameters After Carotid Eversion And Conventional Patch Angioplasty, Alexey Kamenskiy, Iraklis I. Pipinos, Yuris A. Dzenis, Prateek K. Gupta, Syed A. Jaffar Kazmi, Jason N. Mactaggart

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Carotid endarterectomy has a long history in stroke prevention, yet controversy remains concerning optimal techniques. Two methods frequently used are endarterectomy with patch angioplasty (CEAP) and eversion endarterectomy (CEE). The objective of this study was to compare hemodynamics-related stress and strain distributions between arteries repaired using CEAP and CEE. Mathematical models were based on in vivo three-dimensional arterial geometry, pulsatile velocity profiles, and intraluminal pressure inputs obtained from 16 patients with carotid artery disease. These data were combined with experimentally derived nonlinear, anisotropic carotid artery mechanical properties to create fluid-structure interaction models of CEAP and CEE. These models were then …

Effects Of Mode Coupling On The Admittance Of An At-Cut Quartz Thickness-Shear Resonator, Huijing He, Jiashi Yang, Wei-Ping Zhang, Ji Wang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

We study the effects of couplings to flexure and face-shear modes on the admittance of an AT-cut quartz plate thickness-shear mode resonator. Mindlin’s two-dimensional equations for piezoelectric plates are employed. Electrically forced vibration solutions are obtained for three cases: pure thickness-shear mode alone; two coupled modes of thickness shear and flexure; and three coupled modes of thickness shear, flexure, and face shear. Admittance is calculated and its dependence on the driving frequency and the length/thickness ratio of the resonator is examined. Results show that near the thickness-shear resonance, admittance assumes maxima, and that for certain values of the length/thickness ratio, …

Multi-Scale Characterization Of Nanostructured Sodium Aluminum Hydride, Shathabish Narasegowda

Doctoral Dissertations

Complex metal hydrides are the most promising candidate materials for onboard hydrogen storage. The practicality of this class of materials is counter-poised on three critical attributes: reversible hydrogen storage capacity, high hydrogen uptake/release kinetics, and favorable hydrogen uptake/release thermodynamics. While a majority of modern metallic hydrides that are being considered are those that meet the criteria of high theoretical storage capacity, the challenges lie in addressing poor kinetics, thermodynamics, and reversibility. One emerging strategy to resolve these issues is via nanostructuring or nano-confinement of complex hydrides. By down-sizing and scaffolding them to retain their nano-dimensions, these materials are expected to …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Transition Metal Arsenide Nanocrystals And The Metastability And Magneto-Structural Phase Transition Behavior Of Mnas Nanocrystals, Yanhua Zhang

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation study focuses on (1) probing the magneto-structural phase transformation in nanoscale MnAs; (2) evaluation of the size-dependent phase stability of type-B MnAs (prepared by rapid injection); and (3) developing a general synthetic method for transition metal arsenide nanoparticles.

Discrete MnAs nanoparticles that adopt different structures at room temperature (type-A, α-structure and type-B, β-structure) have been prepared by the solution-phase arrested precipitation method. Atomic pair distribution and Rietveld refinement were employed on synchrotron data to explore the structural transitions of the bulk and nanoparticle samples, and these results were compared to AC magnetic susceptibility measurements of the samples. The …

Diffusive And Ballistic Thermo-Electric Transport, Ali Shakouri

Birck and NCN Publications

The efficiency of existing thermoelectric power generators is much lower than mechanical engines. We discuss the similarities and differences between solid-state thermoelectric devices and other thermal engines. In nanostructured materials, non-equilibrium energy and current transport could be important. We describe the transition between ballistic and diffusive regimes and how this can alter the thermoelectric effects and improve the energy conversion efficiency.

New Tools For The Direct Characterisation Of Finfets, G. C. Tettamanzi, A. Paul, S. Lee, Gerhard Klimeck, S. Rogge

Birck and NCN Publications

This paper discusses how classical transport theories such as the thermionic emission (Ref. [1]), can be used as a powerful tool for the study and the understanding of the most complex mechanisms of transport in Fin Field Effect Transistors (FinFETs). By means of simple current and differential conductance measurements, taken at different temperatures and different gate voltages (VG's), it is possible to extrapolate the evolution of important parameters such as the spatial region of transport and the height of thermionic barrier at the centre of the channel. Furthermore, if the measurements are used in conjunction with simulated data, it becomes …

Ultrasonication Assisted Layer-By-Layer Technology For The Preparation Of Multi-Functional Anticancer Drugs Paclitaxel And Lapatinib, Xingcai Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation, ultrasonication assisted Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technology for the preparation of multifunctional poorly water-soluble anticancer drug nanoparticles, paclitaxel and lapatinib, has been developed. Many FDA approved drugs are very low soluble in water; therefore, it is very difficult to load and control their release and targeting efficiently, which greatly confines their application. The development of this method will pave the way for the development and application of those low soluble anticancer drugs.

In the first part of this dissertation, the first approach for powerful ultrasonication, the top-down approach (sonicating bulk drug crystals in polyelectrolyte solution), was successfully applied for …

Primary Pathways Of Intracellular Ca2+ Mobilization By Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field, Iurii Semenov, Shu Xiao, Andrei G. Pakhomov

Bioelectrics Publications

Permeabilization of cell membranous structures by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) triggers transient rise of cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i), which determines multifarious downstream effects. By using fast ratiometric Ca²⁺ imaging with Fura-2, we quantified the external Ca²⁺ uptake, compared it with Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and analyzed the interplay of these processes. We utilized CHO cells which lack voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels, so that the nsPEF-induced [Ca²⁺]_i changes could be attributed primarily to electroporation. We found that a single 60-ns pulse caused fast [Ca2+]_i increase …

A Comparative Study Of The Dry And Wet Nano-Scale Electro-Machining, M. P. Jahan, K. R. Virwani, Kamlakar P. Rajurkar, A. P. Malshe

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

In recent years, a nano-electromachining (nano-EM) process based on a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) platform has been demonstrated. Nano-EM is capable of machining nano-features, under both, liquid dielectric (wet nano-EM) and air dielectric (dry nano-EM) media. The objective of this paper is to present a comparative study between the wet and dry nano-EM processes based on process mechanism, machining performance, consistency and dimensional repeatability of these two processes. The comparison of the two processes has been conducted at near field nano-EM, where the gap between the tool electrode and workpiece is 2 nm and the machining is performed at room …

Inducing Neurite Outgrowth By Mechanical Cell Stretch, Suzanne Higgins, Jeong Soon Lee, Ligyeom Ha, Jung Yul Lim

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Establishing extracellular milieus to stimulate neuronal regeneration is a critical need in neuronal tissue engineering. Many studies have used a soluble factor (such as nerve growth factor or retinoic acid [RA]), micropatterned substrate, and electrical stimulation to induce enhanced neurogenesis in neuronal precursor cells. However, little attention has been paid to mechanical stimulation because neuronal cells are not generally recognized as being mechanically functional, a characteristic of mechanoresponsive cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and muscle cells. In this study, we performed proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the potential anabolic effects of mechanical stretch to enhance cellular neurogenesis. We cultured human neuroblastoma …

Systems Biology Of The Functional And Dysfunctional Endothelium, Jennifer Frueh, Nataly Maimari, Takayuki Homma, Sandra M. Bovens, Ryan M. Pedrigi, Leila Towhidi, Rob Krams

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

This review provides an overview of the effect of blood flow on endothelial cell (EC) signalling pathways, applying microarray technologies to cultured cells, and in vivo studies of normal and atherosclerotic animals. It is found that in cultured ECs, 5–10% of genes are up- or down-regulated in response to fluid flow, whereas only 3–6% of genes are regulated by varying levels of fluid flow. Of all genes, 90%are regulated by the steady part of fluid flow and 10% by pulsatile components. The associated gene profiles show high variability from experiment to experiment depending on experimental conditions, and importantly, the bioinformatical …

Superconductivity In An Inhomogeneous Bundle Of Metallic And Semiconducting Nanotubes, Ilya Grigorenko, Anvar Zakhidov

Publications and Research

Using Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism for inhomogeneous systems, we have studied superconducting properties of a bundle of packed carbon nanotubes, making a triangular lattice in the bundle's transverse cross-section. The bundle consists of a mixture of metallic and doped semiconducting nanotubes, which have different critical transition temperatures. We investigate how a spatially averaged superconducting order parameter and the critical transition temperature depend on the fraction of the doped semiconducting carbon nanotubes in the bundle. Our simulations suggest that the superconductivity in the bundle will be suppressed when the fraction of the doped semiconducting carbon nanotubes will be less than 0.5, which …

Nanopillar Array With A Λ/11 Diameter Fabricated By A Kind Of Visible Cw Laser Direct Lithography System, Chen Zhang, K. Wang, J. Bai, S. Wang, W. Zhao, F. Yang, C. Gu, Guiren Wang

Faculty Publications

Nanoscale functional structures are indispensable elements in many fields of modern science. In this paper, nanopillar array with a pillar diameter far smaller than Abbe's diffraction limit is realized by a new kind of continuous wave (CW) laser direct lithography technology. With atomic force microscopy technology, the average diameter of nanopillars on thin OIR906 photoresist film is about 65 nm and the smallest diameter is 48 nm, which is about 1/11 of the incident laser wavelength. Also, the influences of coma and astigmatism effects to the shape and size of nanopillar are numerically simulated by utilizing vector integral. As far …

Quantum Computing With Steady State Spin Currents, Brian Matthew Sutton

Open Access Theses

Many approaches to quantum computing use spatially confined qubits in the presence of dynamic fields to perform computation. These approaches are contrasted with proposals using mobile qubits in the presence of static fields. In this thesis, steady state quantum computing using mobile electrons is explored using numerical modeling. Firstly, a foundational introduction to the case of spatially confined qubits embodied via quantum dots is provided. A collection of universal gates implemented with dynamic fields is described using simulations. These gates are combined to implement a five-qubit Grover search to provide further insight on the time-dependent field approach. Secondly, the quantum …

Orientation Controllable Epitaxial Vapor-Liquid-Solid Semiconductor Nanowire Synthesis On Silicon Substrate, Sung Hwan Chung

Open Access Dissertations

Semiconductor nanowires synthesized via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism have attracted extensive research interest in recent years owing to their unique structure as a promising candidate for the future electronic devices. Germanium and silicon nanowires, in particular, are compatible with the current silicon-based technology via direct assembly. However, one of the main challenges for the successful nanowire application in large-scale is the lack of the method for obtaining nanowires in desired positions and directions. Therefore, the comprehensive, systematic understanding of epitaxial nanowire growth and the more suitable method to align nanowires on novel structure are required. In this work, the synthesis …