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Articles 1 - 30 of 3554

Full-Text Articles in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Thermally-Driven Equiaxation Of Columnar Grains And Α″ Nanoparticles Enabling Isotropic Β-Ti Alloys With Strength–Ductility Synergy Manufactured By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Lei Qin, Shengfeng Zhou, Jianbo Jin, Huan Yang, Kunmao Li, Cheng Deng, Yujie Yuan, Lai-Chang Zhang Dec 2026

Thermally-Driven Equiaxation Of Columnar Grains And Α″ Nanoparticles Enabling Isotropic Β-Ti Alloys With Strength–Ductility Synergy Manufactured By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Lei Qin, Shengfeng Zhou, Jianbo Jin, Huan Yang, Kunmao Li, Cheng Deng, Yujie Yuan, Lai-Chang Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The transient thermal cycling characteristics during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) induce elemental segregation and columnar growth, resulting in significant mechanical anisotropy and strength–ductility trade-off in titanium alloys. In order to break through this bottleneck, this work proposes a strategy of inducing equiaxation of columnar grains through recrystallization and regulating the morphology of the α″ phase (from an acicular shape to nanoparticles) to synergistically optimize the uniformity, strength and ductility of LPBF-fabricated Ti-35Nb-5Cu-xMo (Ti355x, x = 0, 1, 2, 4 wt%) alloys. The results demonstrate that LPBF-fabricated Ti355x alloys display equiaxed/columnar microstructures with significant mechanical anisotropy and strength–ductility trade-off. After …

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Electrochemical Behavior Of Passive Film On Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated Ti-6al-4v Alloy Under Uniaxial Tensile Stress, Hongyu Zheng, Mengdi Yan, Yun Bai, Qian Wang, Lai-Chang Zhang, Jin Xu, Hao Wang, Yingjie Ma, Shujun Li, Rui Yang Nov 2026

Electrochemical Behavior Of Passive Film On Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated Ti-6al-4v Alloy Under Uniaxial Tensile Stress, Hongyu Zheng, Mengdi Yan, Yun Bai, Qian Wang, Lai-Chang Zhang, Jin Xu, Hao Wang, Yingjie Ma, Shujun Li, Rui Yang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

As medical titanium alloys inevitably undergo synergistic actions of stress and corrosion in human body, a comprehensive investigation of their relevant properties is deemed essential for ensuring their safe application. This work investigates the uniaxial tensile stress electrochemical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion under simulated implantation conditions. The results indicate that tensile stress facilitates rapid formation of a dense passive film, which contains a high proportion of high-valent oxides. As the passivation process proceeds, applied stress promotes more defects accumulation in the passive film, compromising its barrier function and reducing corrosion resistance. Under sustained …

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Decoding Surface Chemistry Effects On Polystyrene Nanoplastic Fouling In Plasma-Grafted Pes Membranes With Distinct Functional Groups, Mohadeseh Najafi, Javad Farahbakhsh, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Michael Johns, Masoumeh Zargar Oct 2026

Decoding Surface Chemistry Effects On Polystyrene Nanoplastic Fouling In Plasma-Grafted Pes Membranes With Distinct Functional Groups, Mohadeseh Najafi, Javad Farahbakhsh, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Michael Johns, Masoumeh Zargar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Nanoplastic (NP) fouling remains a key challenge for ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, yet systematic, controlled comparisons of how membrane functional groups govern NP-membrane interactions are still limited. Here, the role of membrane surface chemistry was systematically investigated using a controlled comparative framework based on plasma-grafted polyethersulfone (PES) UF membranes tailored with structurally comparable methacrylate monomers bearing distinct terminal functionalities, including mono-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate (MMES, -COOH), N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA, -N(CH3)2), and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBMA, zwitterionic). Comprehensive characterisations supported successful surface grafting while preserving the membrane substructure. Fouling and separation were assessed using polystyrene (PS) NPs having different surface chemistries, i.e., PS, PS-COOH and …

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Nanoparticle-Enabled Superplasticity In Extruded Az91 Magnesium Alloy With Elongation Exceeding 600%, Bai Xin Dong, Hong Yu Yang, Xin Zhang, Feng Qiu, Qi Chuan Jiang, Lai Chang Zhang Oct 2026

Nanoparticle-Enabled Superplasticity In Extruded Az91 Magnesium Alloy With Elongation Exceeding 600%, Bai Xin Dong, Hong Yu Yang, Xin Zhang, Feng Qiu, Qi Chuan Jiang, Lai Chang Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

No abstract provided.

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Size-Tunable Tellurium Quantum Dots By Glancing Angle Deposition, S. M. Sayem, Salim Hussain, Fernando Maia De Oliveira, Ranjitha Kumarapuram Hariharalakshmanan, Gregory Guisbiers, Tansel Karabacak Oct 2026

Size-Tunable Tellurium Quantum Dots By Glancing Angle Deposition, S. M. Sayem, Salim Hussain, Fernando Maia De Oliveira, Ranjitha Kumarapuram Hariharalakshmanan, Gregory Guisbiers, Tansel Karabacak

Faculty Scholarship

Tellurium has a unique helical crystal arrangement and pronounced anisotropy that influence its electronic and optical properties at the nanoscale. This study reports the synthesis of pure tellurium quantum dots (Te QDs) on silicon wafer using glancing angle deposition (GLAD). Quasi-hemispherical dots with lateral sizes ranging from 9 to 28 nm and vertical dimensions of 6 to 10 nm were produced as a function of the deposition duration. A comparison of the dot sizes with the Bohr radii of the charge carriers indicated a regime of strong to intermediate confinement. Structural analyses confirmed the polycrystalline nature and trigonal phase of …

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Biosensor Development In East Africa: A Systematic Review Of Technologies, Applications, Challenges, And Future Directions, Ally Mahadhy Sep 2026

Biosensor Development In East Africa: A Systematic Review Of Technologies, Applications, Challenges, And Future Directions, Ally Mahadhy

Tanzania Journal of Science

Biosensors integrate biological recognition elements with signal transduction systems to generate quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information and have applications across healthcare, food safety, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and wildlife health. Despite substantial global advances, biosensor development in East Africa remains poorly characterized. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, evaluated published evidence from 1995 to 2025 within a predefined East African Community geographical scope. Eligibility was based on IUPAC-aligned operational criteria requiring an integrated biological recognition element, transduction mechanism, and quantitative or semi-quantitative signal output. Three locally developed biosensors met the criteria: an electrochemical nano-biosensor for schistosomiasis diagnosis in …

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Efficient Acidic H2O2 Electrosynthesis Over Co Atoms Anchored On Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon, Xiao Huang, Zi-Hao Zhan, Hao-Xu Niu, Guan-Yu Luo, Jin-Tao Huang, Bo-Xuan Jin, De-Li Wang Sep 2026

Efficient Acidic H2O2 Electrosynthesis Over Co Atoms Anchored On Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon, Xiao Huang, Zi-Hao Zhan, Hao-Xu Niu, Guan-Yu Luo, Jin-Tao Huang, Bo-Xuan Jin, De-Li Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) presents a promising route for the on-site production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), offering a green alternative to energy-consuming anthraquinone process. However, the high selectivity toward the competing 4e− ORR over the desired 2e− pathway leads to low Faradaic efficiency for H2O2, posing a critical challenge in catalyst design. In this work, a nitrogen-doped hollow hierarchical porous carbon with anchored Co atoms (CoN/HPC) was constructed for high-performance H2O2 production. The as-prepared Co-N/HPC catalyst showed excellent 2e− ORR performance, achieving …

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Engineering Small-Sized Cations With Strong Solvation For High-Voltage Supercapacitors, Tong Huo, Pan Liu, Hao Chen, Peng Zhang, Zhen-Lei Chen, Guo-Fu Sun, Zhi-Qiang Shi, Jing Wang Sep 2026

Engineering Small-Sized Cations With Strong Solvation For High-Voltage Supercapacitors, Tong Huo, Pan Liu, Hao Chen, Peng Zhang, Zhen-Lei Chen, Guo-Fu Sun, Zhi-Qiang Shi, Jing Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted much attention in the field of energy storage due to their high power density and long cycle life. However, their relatively low energy density limits their application in a wider range of fields. Methods to increase energy density include enhancing specific capacitance and extending operating voltage window. Herein, we report a novel electrolyte salt, tetramethylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (TMA-FSI), the resulting electrolyte formed with propylene carbonate (PC), designated as TMF, exhibited a wide electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 5.09 V. On the one hand, we found that the small size of TMA+ enables it to enter the …

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Dense Platinum Nanoparticles Confined In Mn-N-C Nanocages For Robust Heavy-Duty Pemfcs, Lei Zhao, Zhen-Min Cao, Jia-Yu Zuo, Ming-Liang Yang, Hong-Yan Qiao, Jun-Song Chen, Rui Wu Sep 2026

Dense Platinum Nanoparticles Confined In Mn-N-C Nanocages For Robust Heavy-Duty Pemfcs, Lei Zhao, Zhen-Min Cao, Jia-Yu Zuo, Ming-Liang Yang, Hong-Yan Qiao, Jun-Song Chen, Rui Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

High-loading Pt cathodes are essential for heavy-duty proton exchange membrane fuel cells but suffer from a critical tradeoff between ionomer sulfonate poisoning and nanoparticle instability. Herein, we report a spatial confinement strategy to encapsulate dense Pt nanoparticles (~51.8 wt%) within Mn/N-co-doped mesoporous carbon nanocages (denoted as Pt-MnNC). This architecture excludes bulky ionomers to create an ionomer-shielded environment against sulfonate poisoning, while Mn-Nx-mediated strong metal-support interactions anchor the Pt nanoparticles to prevent agglomeration and further boost durability. In the 5 × 5 cm2 membrane electrode assembly tests, the Pt-MnNC catalyst delivers an exceptional power density of 1.26 W·cm …

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In Situ Electrochemical Characterization Techniques For Active Hydrogen In Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction To Ammonia, Hong-Mei Li, Mei Yi, Zhao-Yu Jin, Ming-Hao Xie, Khalid M. Omer, Yong Guo, Pan-Pan Li Aug 2026

In Situ Electrochemical Characterization Techniques For Active Hydrogen In Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction To Ammonia, Hong-Mei Li, Mei Yi, Zhao-Yu Jin, Ming-Hao Xie, Khalid M. Omer, Yong Guo, Pan-Pan Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NitRR) represents a sustainable pathway that integrates environmental remediation with the production of high-value ammonia. However, the activity and selectivity of this process are limited by the generation, consumption, and dynamic equilibrium of the key transient intermediate—active hydrogen (*H). Precise modulation of *H necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its behavior, which relies fundamentally on advanced in situ electrochemical characterization techniques. However, a systematic review dedicated to the rational selection and application of in situ electrochemical techniques for the specific characterization of *H in NitRR, with clear definitions of each technique's "detectable targets, quantitative accuracy, and …

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Neural Network Driven By Electrochemical Performance Data For Predicting The Discharge Termination Time Of Seawater Electrolyte-Based Metal-Air Batteries, Peng-Peng Shen, Yi-Chi Pan, Yu-Rong Liu, Lu-Dan Zhang, Ning Niu, Guan-Jun Wang, De-Kun Yang, Xin-Long Tian, Peng Rao Aug 2026

Neural Network Driven By Electrochemical Performance Data For Predicting The Discharge Termination Time Of Seawater Electrolyte-Based Metal-Air Batteries, Peng-Peng Shen, Yi-Chi Pan, Yu-Rong Liu, Lu-Dan Zhang, Ning Niu, Guan-Jun Wang, De-Kun Yang, Xin-Long Tian, Peng Rao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Seawater electrolyte-based metal-air batteries exhibit great promise for marine energy supply systems. However, conventional statistical analysis methods, though applicable to seawater metal-air battery lifetime prediction, have inherent limitations of insufficient prediction accuracy and large error. Herein, a deep time-series regression framework based on InceptionTime and incorporating prior-biased attention pooling is proposed to construct a nonlinear mapping between electrochemical performance sequences and the discharge termination time of catalysts. Specifically, chronoamperometric profiles are employed to extract long-term stability features, while prior knowledge derived from linear sweep voltammetry is introduced to strengthen the attention weighting over critical potential regions. Under a nested leave-one-catalyst-out …

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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Core-Shell Structured Pd@Pdptcufe Recessed Truncated Octahedral Nanocrystals For Multifunctional Electrocatalysis, De-Zhong Hu, Wen-Dan Jiang, Wei Keat Ng, Jun Yang, Xiong-Wu Kang Aug 2026

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Core-Shell Structured Pd@Pdptcufe Recessed Truncated Octahedral Nanocrystals For Multifunctional Electrocatalysis, De-Zhong Hu, Wen-Dan Jiang, Wei Keat Ng, Jun Yang, Xiong-Wu Kang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Developing cost-efficient and durable multifunctional electrocatalysts of hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is crucial for improving energy conversion efficiency in electrolytic water splitting electrolyzer and advancing rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Polyhedral shaped nanocrystals with well-defined crystal facets represent a type of model catalysts that enables the exploration of structure-activity relationships. However, it is still very challenging to prepare alloy nanocrystals with multiple metal components due to their complicated redox potentials and mixing enthalpy. Herein, we report a rapid microwave-assisted polyol reduction method for syntheses of core-shell Pd@PdPtCu, Pd@PdPtCuNi, Pd@PdPtCuCo and Pd@PdPtCuZn octahedral nanocrystals, and recessed truncated-octahedral …

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Experimental Investigation Of The Discharge Modes Of Nanosecond Pulsed Plasmas At Atmospheric Pressure, Md Ziaur Rahman Aug 2026

Experimental Investigation Of The Discharge Modes Of Nanosecond Pulsed Plasmas At Atmospheric Pressure, Md Ziaur Rahman

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The generation of repeatable and stable nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasmas is important to non-thermal plasma applications in various fields including medicine, material processing, food processing, and plasma ignition for combustion. This dissertation investigates the atmospheric pressure plasma initiation and formation under 10 – 200 ns pulsed power for electrode configurations applicable for transient plasma ignition (TPI) for combustion. The impacts of pulsed power parameters, gas condition, and electrode geometry on the discharge initiation and modes (i.e., streamer, transient spark and spark) are systematically evaluated for applying TPI for combustion. We evaluated the discharge modes driven by both longer and …

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Reinforcement Learning For Cathode Material Design Through Sequential Decision-Making Frameworks, Taimoor Muzaffar Gondal, Muhammad Qasim, Yasir Arafat Aug 2026

Reinforcement Learning For Cathode Material Design Through Sequential Decision-Making Frameworks, Taimoor Muzaffar Gondal, Muhammad Qasim, Yasir Arafat

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The cathode material design is a persistent challenge in the development of next-generation rechargeable batteries. The cathode performance is critically influenced by certain key parameters, i.e., composition, crystal structures, ion transport, and degradation behaviour. Moreover, techno-economic and sustainable considerations also play a pivotal role in the viable cathode material design. In recent years, the integration of static machine learning models with conventional experimental techniques has significantly enhanced the cathode material design. However, the sequential nature of cathode discovery has not been fully captured by these techniques as they do not update their decision strategy based on prior outcomes. In this …

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Atomic-Scale Investigation Of Functional Molecular Systems And Graphene Nanoribbons Using Scanning Probe Microscopy, A.M. Shashika D. Wijerathna Aug 2026

Atomic-Scale Investigation Of Functional Molecular Systems And Graphene Nanoribbons Using Scanning Probe Microscopy, A.M. Shashika D. Wijerathna

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Emerging molecular electronics, molecular devices, and carbon-based nanotechnologies increasingly rely on the precise control of molecular structures and interfaces at the atomic scale. Advancing these systems requires experimental techniques capable of resolving atomic structures, quantifying molecular behavior, and revealing the mechanisms governing nanoscale assembly. Scanning probe microscopy uniquely provides these capabilities by combining atomic-resolution imaging with local spectroscopy and manipulation. This dissertation employs ultra-high-vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-LT-STM) and qPlus atomic force microscopy (qPlus AFM) to address three complementary challenges: (i) atomic-scale characterization of complex supramolecular architectures, (ii) quantitative investigation of mechanically induced conformational switching of individual molecules, and …

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Nanostructured Negative Electron Affinity Gallium Arsenide Photocathodes With Enhanced Quantum Efficiency And Extended Charge Lifetime For Advanced Photoinjectors, Md Aziz Ar Rahman Aug 2026

Nanostructured Negative Electron Affinity Gallium Arsenide Photocathodes With Enhanced Quantum Efficiency And Extended Charge Lifetime For Advanced Photoinjectors, Md Aziz Ar Rahman

Physics Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation presents a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation of nanostructured negative electron affinity (NEA) gallium arsenide (GaAs) photocathodes. This work was undertaken to achieve higher quantum efficiency (QE) and longer charge lifetime than conventional flat NEA GaAs electron sources commonly used in photoinjectors. Finite-Difference Time-Domain and charge-transport simulations of three types of nanostructure geometries reveal substantial QE enhancement over flat GaAs via Mie resonance mode excitation. Consequently, the truncated nanocone array (TNCA) photocathodes with heights of 400, 700, and 1000 nm were fabricated and NEA activated via Cs-NF₃ deposition. In a low-voltage ultra-high vacuum chamber with a base pressure …

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Validated Near-Infrared Spectroscopy And Chemometric Modelling For Rapid Quantification Of Essential Oil Yield And Α/Β-Santalol In Santalum Album L., Muhammad Hassnain, Muhammad Rizwan Azhar Aug 2026

Validated Near-Infrared Spectroscopy And Chemometric Modelling For Rapid Quantification Of Essential Oil Yield And Α/Β-Santalol In Santalum Album L., Muhammad Hassnain, Muhammad Rizwan Azhar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The sandalwood industry remains constrained by destructive, time-intensive assays for essential oil (EO) yield, composition, moisture content, and wood fraction, which limit real-time decision-making. We report a unified near-infrared spectroscopy-artificial intelligence (NIRS-AI) platform for non-destructive analytics across the Santalum album L. value chain. Reflectance and transmittance spectra from solid matrices (disks, logs, chips, and powders), oils, ethanol extracts, and CID-derived emulsions were acquired using benchtop (400–2500 nm) and portable (900–1700 nm) spectrometers and calibrated against hydrodistillation, gas chromatography, extraction, and moisture assays. Advanced chemometric modelling using AI-based machine learning techniques, including regularised regression, ensemble learning, boosting algorithms, and neural networks, …

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Dynamic Reconstruction Engineering Of Anti-Corrosion Ni-Based Anodes For Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis, Yi-Gang Zhang, Wen-Wen Xu, Tian-Yu Zhang, Zhi-Yi Lu Jul 2026

Dynamic Reconstruction Engineering Of Anti-Corrosion Ni-Based Anodes For Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis, Yi-Gang Zhang, Wen-Wen Xu, Tian-Yu Zhang, Zhi-Yi Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Green hydrogen production via alkaline seawater electrolysis offers an environmentally sustainable and potentially cost-effective route to address both energy and climate challenges. Achieving long-term anode stability under complex ionic environments and industrial current densities remains a central bottleneck. Specifically, Ni-based anodes exhibit intense surface reconstruction during the oxygen evolution reaction, necessitating dynamic anti-corrosion strategies. This mini review systematically summarizes reconstruction engineering approaches to develop anti-corrosion Ni-based anodes of alkaline seawater electrolysis across increasingly complex ionic environments from simulated seawater to real seawater: (i) Cl– dominated; (ii) Cl– with co-existing oxyanions, and (iii) Cl–  with co-existing Br– …

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In Situ Stm Visualization Of Molecular Structural Evolution During Electrochemical Oxidation Coupling Of Para-Aminothiophenol On Au(111), Zi-Wei Ma, Tai-Rui Wu, An-Ni Zheng, Lai-Ke Chen, Yuan-Hui Xiao, Zhao-Bin Chen, Qing-Na Zheng, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Jia-Wei Yan, De-Yin Wu Jul 2026

In Situ Stm Visualization Of Molecular Structural Evolution During Electrochemical Oxidation Coupling Of Para-Aminothiophenol On Au(111), Zi-Wei Ma, Tai-Rui Wu, An-Ni Zheng, Lai-Ke Chen, Yuan-Hui Xiao, Zhao-Bin Chen, Qing-Na Zheng, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Jia-Wei Yan, De-Yin Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Para-aminothiophenol (PATP) is not only a widely-used probe molecule in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), but also an important model molecule for interfacial reactions, exhibiting distinct photo- and electro-oxidation pathways, so that PATP is selectively activated under different external fields. The evolution of products and intermediates during electrochemical oxidative coupling remains unknown. In this study, we have investigated the dynamic electrochemical oxidation process of PATP on the Au(111) surface using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical (EC)-SERS, and in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM). The results showed that PATP forms an unsaturated adsorption coverage on Au(111) in an acidic solution. …

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Interfacial Redox Mediation By Amine/Alkyne-Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles: Surfactant-Free Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis, Amber L. Garcia, Brittany Griggs, Brian S. Mitchell, Mark J. Fink, Julie P. Vanegas Jul 2026

Interfacial Redox Mediation By Amine/Alkyne-Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles: Surfactant-Free Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis, Amber L. Garcia, Brittany Griggs, Brian S. Mitchell, Mark J. Fink, Julie P. Vanegas

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

We develop a surfactant-free synthesis method for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using 2-propynylamine-functionalized silicon nanoparticles as integrated redox-active supports. Surface-anchored amine groups act as built-in reducing sites for Au3+ precursors at the hexane–water interface under ambient conditions, enabling in situ AuNP nucleation and growth. Time-resolved UV-vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering track the emergence of plasmonic AuNPs, while quantitative morphology analysis reveals a final population dominated by spherical and near-spherical nanoparticles (∼74%), with faceted polyhedral structures (∼4%) and dendritic, hollow, irregular, and rod-like morphologies (∼22%) as minority species. The temporal evolution proceeds from early dendritic and irregular aggregates to a …

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Harnessing Tio2-Based Nanofilaments: A Pathway To Enhanced Optoelectronic Performance In Dye-Sensitized And Perovskite Light Harvesters, Zahraa Ismail, Tarek A. Elmelegy, Hassan Nageh, Sameh Abdellatif Jul 2026

Harnessing Tio2-Based Nanofilaments: A Pathway To Enhanced Optoelectronic Performance In Dye-Sensitized And Perovskite Light Harvesters, Zahraa Ismail, Tarek A. Elmelegy, Hassan Nageh, Sameh Abdellatif

Mechanical Engineering

This study explores the integration of TiO2-based nanofilaments into dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance their optoelectronic performance. Despite the advancements in one-dimensional lepidocrocite TiO2 nanofilaments, there remains a significant gap in understanding their optical scattering mechanisms and dual applicability in both types of solar cells. We synthesized TiO2 nanofilaments and compared their performance to conventional P25 TiO2 in terms of morphology, electrical, and optical properties. The results indicate that the DSSC utilizing nanofilaments achieved a short-circuit current density of 8.2 mA/cm² and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.9%, compared to 7.1 mA/cm² and …

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Li+/Na+ Hybrid Ion Conduction Mechanism In The Superionic Conductor Li3–XNaXZr2Si2Po12, Yi-Hong Wu, Xia Xie, Lei Zhu, Mu-Ran Yu, Guo-Tai Zhang, Jun-Chao Chen, Shu-Ying Sun, You-Wei Wang, Wei-Ping Tang Jun 2026

Li+/Na+ Hybrid Ion Conduction Mechanism In The Superionic Conductor Li3–XNaXZr2Si2Po12, Yi-Hong Wu, Xia Xie, Lei Zhu, Mu-Ran Yu, Guo-Tai Zhang, Jun-Chao Chen, Shu-Ying Sun, You-Wei Wang, Wei-Ping Tang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Hybrid ion conductors that transport multiple ionic conductive species provide a useful platform for understanding how mixed-ion transport governs ionic conductivity within a single phase. However, the controlled introduction of multiple mobile ions into solid-state electrolytes and a mechanistic understanding of their migration within the framework remain challenging. Herein, a skeleton-retained Li+↔Na+ cationic exchange was used to simultaneously induce Li+ and Na+ cations into the NASICON-type framework of Li3–xNaxZr2Si2PO12 (0 < x < 3). We show that the interpenetration of NaO6 and NaO8 coordination polyhedra significantly influences the ionic conductivity of hybrid ion conductors. Computational …

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Distribution And Transport Of Lithium Ions At Interfaces Between Graphite And Carboxymethyl Celluloses, Zi-Jun Huang, Zhen-Ying Zheng, Hua-Wei Cao, Jian Wang, Qing-Feng Zhang, Sheng-Li Chen Jun 2026

Distribution And Transport Of Lithium Ions At Interfaces Between Graphite And Carboxymethyl Celluloses, Zi-Jun Huang, Zhen-Ying Zheng, Hua-Wei Cao, Jian Wang, Qing-Feng Zhang, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-processable binder widely used for graphite anodes. However, a microscopic understanding of why the identity of CMC counterions (Li+/Na+/K+) strongly affects electrode performance remains limited. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to track Li+ transport accessibility across electrolyte/CMC/graphite three-phase interfaces, comparing pure CMC-Li, CMC-Na, CMC-K, and mixed-counterion CMC binders. We find that CMC-Li sustains a continuous Li+ transport pathway from the electrolyte through the binder phase toward graphite. In contrast, in CMC-Na and CMC-K, Na+/K+ ions preferentially enrich at the graphite/binder interface, forming …

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Distinct Co2 Electroreduction Behaviors Over Planar And Non-Planar Cobalt Molecular Catalysts, Ru Jia, Cheng-Biao Zhu, Zi-Mo Zhang, Tuo Wang, Kai-Cong Yang, Guang-Zhe Wang, Yang Hu, Ting-Ting Zhang, Zhen-Wei Wei, Li Xiao, Gong-Wei Wang, Lin Zhuang Jun 2026

Distinct Co2 Electroreduction Behaviors Over Planar And Non-Planar Cobalt Molecular Catalysts, Ru Jia, Cheng-Biao Zhu, Zi-Mo Zhang, Tuo Wang, Kai-Cong Yang, Guang-Zhe Wang, Yang Hu, Ting-Ting Zhang, Zhen-Wei Wei, Li Xiao, Gong-Wei Wang, Lin Zhuang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Molecular catalysts serve as ideal platforms for studying electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms. While current research mainly focuses on modulating central metals or surrounding ligands, the influence of molecular spatial configuration remains largely unexplored. Herein, we synthesized two cobalt complexes with similar ligand environments but distinct spatial geometries, a planar cobalt hexaazamacrocyclic complex (CoHAM) and a non-planar acyclic Co(phen)2Cl2, and evaluated their performance in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The planar CoHAM exhibited dramatically superior CO2RR performance compared to the non-planar Co(phen)2Cl2. Through a series of combined analyses using in-situ …

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Tea Polyphenol-Assisted Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticle-Boron-Doped Diamond Nanoparticles For Theophylline Electrochemical Detection, Prastika Krisma Jiwanti, Adira Ainun Tsalsabilla, Angellita Wijaya Gunawan, Siti Wafiroh, Mohammad Kalimanjaro, Mai Tomisaki Jun 2026

Tea Polyphenol-Assisted Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticle-Boron-Doped Diamond Nanoparticles For Theophylline Electrochemical Detection, Prastika Krisma Jiwanti, Adira Ainun Tsalsabilla, Angellita Wijaya Gunawan, Siti Wafiroh, Mohammad Kalimanjaro, Mai Tomisaki

Makara Journal of Science

Drug theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but precise monitoring is required to avoid side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with a composite of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles and boron-doped diamond nanoparticles using tea polyphenols (Ag-BDDTP/SPE) for detecting theophylline. Formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed a localized surface plasmon resonance peak at ~450 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed polydisperse nanoparticles with an average diameter of 39.94 nm. During the electrochemical detection of theophylline, square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was employed to evaluate signal-to-background (S/B) …

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Lafe0.925ti0.075o3 Perovskite Coated With Ethyl Cellulose: A High-Stability, Low-Hysteresis Platform For Advanced Humidity Sensing, Akhmad Futukhillah Fataba Alaih, Djoko Triyono, Rifqi Almusawi Rafsanjani Jun 2026

Lafe0.925ti0.075o3 Perovskite Coated With Ethyl Cellulose: A High-Stability, Low-Hysteresis Platform For Advanced Humidity Sensing, Akhmad Futukhillah Fataba Alaih, Djoko Triyono, Rifqi Almusawi Rafsanjani

Makara Journal of Science

Humidity sensors are pivotal in numerous sectors, such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and health-care. This study presents the fabrication and detailed evaluation of an advanced humidity sensor using ethyl cellulose (EC)-coated LaFe0.925Ti0.075O3 (LFTO) perovskite nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method. The LFTO nanopar-ticles exhibited a mesoporous structure with an enhanced surface area, which significantly improved their moisture adsorption capabilities. The innovative application of EC coating addresses critical substrate adhesion issues, enhancing mechanical stability without compromising sensor sensitivity. Comprehensive performance evaluations revealed minimal hysteresis (

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Rapid-Prototyping Nanofabrication: Lcd-Based Projection Lithography And Physical Vapor Deposition, Sabeel Saleem Mohammmed Jun 2026

Rapid-Prototyping Nanofabrication: Lcd-Based Projection Lithography And Physical Vapor Deposition, Sabeel Saleem Mohammmed

University Honors Theses

The semiconductor industry's continued growth, driven in large part by demand for artificial intelligence hardware, has highlighted the need for greater workforce development in regions adjacent to major fabrication centers like Oregon's Silicon Forest. This capstone project lays the groundwork for a small scale and student led semiconductor fabrication lab at Portland State University by demonstrating two of the core steps in chip manufacturing: photolithography and thin film deposition. Rather than relying on conventional fixed reticles, this work explores a unique, low cost approach to patterning that uses an ultraviolet-compatible liquid crystal display (LCD) as a programmable reticle, allowing arbitrary …

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Enhanced Triboelectric Effect Using Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Coated Fiber Mats For Biomechanical Energy Harvesting, Fernando Viesca, Diego De Leon, Kevin Alejandro, Rigobert Ybarra Jr., Md. Wasikur Rahman, Victoria Padilla, Horacio Vasquez, Karen Lozano, M. Jasim Uddin Jun 2026

Enhanced Triboelectric Effect Using Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Coated Fiber Mats For Biomechanical Energy Harvesting, Fernando Viesca, Diego De Leon, Kevin Alejandro, Rigobert Ybarra Jr., Md. Wasikur Rahman, Victoria Padilla, Horacio Vasquez, Karen Lozano, M. Jasim Uddin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a cutting-edge technology for developing self-powered wearable electronic devices. In this study, TENGs were fabricated using two fiber mats: forcespun polytetrafluoroethylene (FS-PTFE) microfibers and electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (ES-PVA) nanofiber (NF) mats. The FS-PTFE mats were coated with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Functionalized MWCNTs were dispersed in water-based solutions containing three different surfactants—sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and Triton X-100 to enhance fiber interaction. The NF mats were subsequently immersed in aqueous systems. The surfactant facilitated the uniform deposition of COOH-MWCNTs onto the FS-PTFE fibers, serving as a negative layer, while ES-PVA mat …

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Numerical Evaluation Of A Zero Poisson’S Ratio Structure In Μ-3d-Printed Self-Expanding Nitinol Stents, Farhana Yasmin, Ana Vafadar, Majid Tolouei-Rad Jun 2026

Numerical Evaluation Of A Zero Poisson’S Ratio Structure In Μ-3d-Printed Self-Expanding Nitinol Stents, Farhana Yasmin, Ana Vafadar, Majid Tolouei-Rad

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Stenting is a minimally invasive treatment used in managing peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, clinical challenges persist, including in-stent thrombosis and restenosis, primarily driven by axial foreshortening or elongation and suboptimal balance between radial stiffness and flexibility inherent to conventional stent designs. This study proposes an innovative arrow-shaped geometry exhibiting zero Poisson’s ratio (ZPR) behaviour for 3D-printed self-expanding Nitinol stents. The complete stent deployment process was modelled using finite element analysis (FEA), including radial crimping and subsequent expansion to enable systematic parametric investigation while accounting for µ-3D printing constraints. Response surface methodology (RSM) rigorously evaluated mechanical performance, defining peak stress, …

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From Thin Films To Energy Systems: A Perspective-Oriented Translational Framework For Deployable Functional Materials, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam Jun 2026

From Thin Films To Energy Systems: A Perspective-Oriented Translational Framework For Deployable Functional Materials, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The translation of high-performance thin-film materials from lab-scale development to field-deployable energy systems remains a significant holdup in sustainable technology development. The real-world impact of functional thin films, nanocomposites, and emerging photovoltaic architectures is often limited by issues with scalability, interfacial reliability, environmental stability, and system-level integration, despite their excellent optical and electronic performance at the device level. A translational framework that is deployment-oriented and systematically connects interface-centric device integration, application-context validation, system-level performance feedback, and process-aware thin-film engineering has been presented in this article. Common structure-property-deployment trade-offs are identified through a comparative analysis of representative case domains, such as …

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