Effect Of Maize Lines On Larval Fitness Costs Of Cry1f Resistance In The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae),
2014
Iowa State University
Effect Of Maize Lines On Larval Fitness Costs Of Cry1f Resistance In The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Jennifer L. Petzold-Maxwell, Blair D. Siegfried, Richard L. Hellmich, Craig A. Abel, Brad S. Coates, Terrence A. Spencer, Aaron J. Gassmann
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Crops producing insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely planted and enable management of key insect pests while reducing the use of conventional insecticides. However, the evolution of Bt resistance could diminish these benefits. Fitness costs of Bt resistance occur in the absence of Bt toxin when individuals with resistance alleles show a reduction in fitness relative to susceptible individuals, and they can delay the evolution of resistance. Ecological factors including host-plant variety can affect the magnitude of fitness costs, and consequently, the degree to which fitness costs delay resistance. In this study, we measured fitness costs …
Influence Of Edible Fruit Coatings On Drosophila Suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Oviposition And Development,
2014
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Influence Of Edible Fruit Coatings On Drosophila Suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Oviposition And Development, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Hannah Burrack
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a highly invasive vinegar fly recently detected in the United States that severely threatens the viability of soft skinned fruit production. Insecticides mitigate some of this damage, but alternative methods to manage D. suzukii infestation are needed. We tested three edible coatings to determine if they could prevent or reduce oviposition by D. suzukii females or affect immature survivorship and development in two important host crops, blueberry and raspberry. None of the coatings prevented oviposition, but some reduced the number of eggs laid. Two carnauba wax-based coatings, PrimaFresh 45 and Raynox, dramatically reduced survivorship of immature …
Grassland Sustainability In Kentucky: Case Studies Quantifying The Effects Of Climate Change On Slug Herbivory In Pastures And Different Home Lawn Systems On Turf Greenhouse Gas Emissions,
2014
University of Kentucky
Grassland Sustainability In Kentucky: Case Studies Quantifying The Effects Of Climate Change On Slug Herbivory In Pastures And Different Home Lawn Systems On Turf Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Daniel Adam Weber
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Grasslands comprise the greatest biome by land area, are sensitive to environmental factors affected by climate change, and can impact future climate change through their ability to store and release greenhouse gasses (GHGs). I performed two studies: 1) evaluated the effects of increased temperature and precipitation on slug herbivory/abundance and pasture forage production; 2) quantified different homeowner lawn system effects on soil-to-atmosphere GHG emissions. Climate change will likely affect pasture forage production, with implications for slug herbivory and abundance. I found little evidence that slugs have or will have significant effects on pasture production or plant community. Warming altered the …
Characterization Of Cry1f Resistance In Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith) Obtained From Puerto Rico And Florida,
2014
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Characterization Of Cry1f Resistance In Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith) Obtained From Puerto Rico And Florida, Vikash Dangal
LSU Master's Theses
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)) is a major pest targeted by transgenic corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins in both North and South America. The objective of this study was to characterize the inheritance and fitness costs of the Cry1F resistance in two fall armyworm populations collected from Puerto Rico (RR-PR) and Florida (RR-FL). To determine the inheritance of the resistance, besides RR-PR, RR-FL, and a Cry1F-susceptible population (Bt-SS), 14 other populations were developed by reciprocal crosses, F1 by F1 crosses, backcrosses, and crosses between RR-PR and RR-FL. Diet-incorporated bioassays were conducted to determine the Cry1F susceptibility …
The Introduced Dirt-Colored Seed Bug, Megalonotus Sabulicola (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae): New For Arkansas,
2014
Ohio State University
The Introduced Dirt-Colored Seed Bug, Megalonotus Sabulicola (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae): New For Arkansas, S. W. Chordas Iii, C. T. Mcallister, H. W. Robison
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
New Host And Location Record For The Bat Bug Cimex Adjunctus Barber 1939, With A Summary Of Previous Records,
2014
Troy University-Montgomery
New Host And Location Record For The Bat Bug Cimex Adjunctus Barber 1939, With A Summary Of Previous Records, M. E. Grilliot, J. L. Hunt, C. G. Sims, C. E. Comer
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
In June 2009, 14 Rafinesque’s big-eared bats(Corynorhinus rafinesquii) were collected from an abandoned house near Shepherd, San Jacinto County, Texas. Three individuals harbored bat bugs which were subsequently identified as Cimex adjunctus Barber 1939. This is the first record of this species from C. rafinesquii. In August 2013, 10 C. rafinesquii were collected from a maternity colony in Drew County in southeastern Arkansas. Four of the bats harbored bat bugs, which were identified as C. adjunctus. This is the first record of this bat bug from Arkansas. A summary of previous state and host records of the insect is provided, …
Winter Survival Strategies Of Benthic Invertebrates In Temporary Habitats In A Northern Minnesota Lake,
2014
Bemidji State University
Winter Survival Strategies Of Benthic Invertebrates In Temporary Habitats In A Northern Minnesota Lake, Cal Oldenburg
Journal of Earth and Life Science
During the winter months in the northern hemisphere, above 40 degrees latitude, a freezing event occurs that can last several months. Some lakes may have large portions of the shallow littoral zone frozen completely solid down into the sediments. Invertebrates affected by these events have developed survival strategies to cope with the harsh environment. The two main strategies for invertebrates in these areas are to either migrate to a different area and recolonize the original area when it becomes available again, or to burrow into the sediments and withstand the freezing. A 1- month study took place on Lake Bemidji …
Effects Of Induced Plant Resistance And Potassium Fertilization Rates On Soybean Looper (Chrysodeixis Includens) Development In Soybean,
2014
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Effects Of Induced Plant Resistance And Potassium Fertilization Rates On Soybean Looper (Chrysodeixis Includens) Development In Soybean, Xuan Chen
LSU Master's Theses
Soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is one of the most destructive pests of soybean in the southern U.S. It is highly resistant to most insecticides. Induced host plant resistance and cultural control are sought as alternative control tactics. In this study, effects of induced resistance by exogenous application of elicitors were estimated on soybean looper development in soybean. Three different known elicitors of SAR (systemic acquired resistance), Actigard 50WG (acibenzolar-S-methyl), Regalia (extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), were applied to soybean plants at R2 and R5 stages to determine if these chemicals could induce plant resistance and lower …
A Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Genus Eutyphlus Leconte (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) With A Comparison Of Sampling Methodologies,
2014
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
A Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Genus Eutyphlus Leconte (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) With A Comparison Of Sampling Methodologies, Brittany Elin Owens
LSU Master's Theses
My thesis research includes three components: (1) a methodology project, (2) a systematic project comprising a taxonomic revision, and (3) a morphology-based, cladistic analysis. 1. The methodological study compared the Winkler (Moczarski) eclector and the Berlese-Tullgren funnel (referred to hereafter as “Winkler” and “Berlese” funnels, respectively) as methods for extracting forest litter-dwelling Coleoptera from sifted substrate, with a focus on relevance for taxonomic studies. A general review of the history and methodologies of leaf litter arthropod extraction was provided, in conjunction with repeated, timed trials to compare the relative effectiveness of the two methods using litter samples from various geographic …
Evaluation Of Pyramided Bt Corn For Management Of Corn Earworm And Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae),
2014
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Evaluation Of Pyramided Bt Corn For Management Of Corn Earworm And Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Fei Yang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, and corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea, are two target pests of pyramided Bt corn in the U.S. This study determined the susceptibility of the two pests to pyramided Bt corn and evaluated if a 95:5% seed mixture of Bt and non-Bt corn was an appropriate approach for providing refuge populations of CEW for resistance management. Firstly, susceptibility of 150 F2 two-parent families to three common pyramided Bt corn traits was examined using 7-day leaf tissue bioassays and whole plant tests. A few families survived the 7-day leaf tissue bioassays but progeny of the survivors …
Resistance Of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith) To Bacillus Thuringiensis,
2014
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Resistance Of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith) To Bacillus Thuringiensis, Ying Niu
LSU Master's Theses
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a target pest of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn in North and South America. In this study, multiple tests were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse to 1) determine the susceptibility of two field populations of S. frugiperda collected from Florida (FL) and Puerto Rico (PR) to purified Cry1F protein and Bt corn leaf tissue and 2) evaluate larval survival of and plant injury by Cry1F-susceptible, -resistant, and –heterozygous genotypes of S. frugiperda on whole plants of transgenic corn containing single and pyramided Bt genes. Corn hybrids evaluated in this study included five …
Grow Them And We Will Come For The
Feast,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Grow Them And We Will Come For The Feast, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Jeff Bradshaw, Kyle Koch, Travis Prochaska, Teresa Donze-Reiner, Gautam Sarath
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Sustainable production of switchgrass and other bioenergy grasses will require eff ective pest management. Identifi cation of potential insect pests and detailed characterization of the plant-insect interaction will better enable us to address emergent insect pests in production fi elds. An added uncertainty is how manipulation of plants for improved quality (e.g. lower lignin) will aff ect plant resistance to insect herbivory. Plants can utilize different mechanisms to defend against chewing versus piercing-sucking insects; however, some basal plant responses appear to be shared across diverse biotic stressors. Th e range and modulation of these responses are beginning to be addressed …
Expression And Characterization Of A Recombinant Endoglucanase From Western Corn Rootworm, In Pichia Pastoris,
2014
Universidad de Caldas
Expression And Characterization Of A Recombinant Endoglucanase From Western Corn Rootworm, In Pichia Pastoris, Arnubio Valencia Jimenez, Haichuan Wang, Blair D. Siegfried
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
ABSTRACT. The endoglucanase cDNA, Dvv-ENGase I, from western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte was expressed using the GS115 methylotrophic strain of Pichia pastoris. The Dvv-ENGase I gene was cloned into the integrative plasmid pPICZαA under the control of AOX1, which is a methanol-inducible promoter. Positive clones were selected for their ability to produce the recombinant endoglucanase upon continuous methanol induction. The secreted recombinant insect endoglucanase Dvv-ENGase I has an apparent molecular mass of 29 kDa. The recombinant endo-1,4 -β-glucanase (ENGase) was able to digest the substrates: hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and Whatman No. 1 filter paper. A …
Differential Transmission Of Triticum Mosaic Virus By Wheat Curl Mite
Populations Collected In The Great Plains,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Differential Transmission Of Triticum Mosaic Virus By Wheat Curl Mite Populations Collected In The Great Plains, Anthony J. Mcmechan, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Roy French, Gary L. Hein
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Wheat is an important food grain worldwide and the primary dryland crop in the western Great Plains. A complex of three wheat curl mite (WCM)-transmitted viruses (Wheat streak mosaic virus, High plains virus, and Triticum mosaic virus [TriMV]) is a cause of serious loss in winter wheat production in the Great Plains. TriMV was first reported in Kansas in 2006 and later found in most other Great Plains states. Currently, three populations of WCM have been identified by genetic characterization and differential responses to mite resistance genes in wheat. In this study, we examined TriMV transmission by these …
Infection In Soybeans And On Multiple Host Plants In Puerto Rico
By An Isolate Of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus.,
2014
University of Puerto Rico
Infection In Soybeans And On Multiple Host Plants In Puerto Rico By An Isolate Of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus., Jose C. V. Rodrigues, Difabachew B. Kondidie, C. Estevez-Jensen, E. W. Kitajima, R. M. Huckaba, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Seed companies in the USA grow winter soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) nurseries in Puerto Rico to advance their breeding programs and seed increase. However, the soybean nurseries are being threatened by a viral disease that cause stunting, leaf and stem necrosis and shoot wilting that leads to death of the whole plant. In the present study transmission assays were conducted using stem grafting, mechanical inoculation, and whiteflies (WFs), Bemisia tabci (Gennadius). Cultivated and wild host plants infested by WFs were surveyed at Dow AgroSciences Research Station and nearby farms at Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Based on previous report …
Bootsie – Estimation Of Coefficient Of Variation Of Aflp Data By Bootstrap Analysis,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Bootsie – Estimation Of Coefficient Of Variation Of Aflp Data By Bootstrap Analysis, Justin Payne, Erica Lindroth, K. M. Kneeland, Steven R. Skoda, Fatima Mustafa, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Bootsie is an English-native replacement for ASG Coelho's “DBOOT” utility for estimating coefficient of variation of a population of AFLP marker data using bootstrapping. Bootsie improves on DBOOT by supporting batch processing, time-to-completion estimation, builtin graphs, and a suite of export tools for creating data files for other population genetics software.
Forms Of Melanoplus Bowditchi
(Orthoptera: Acrididae) Collected From
Different Host Plants Are
Indistinguishable Genetically And In
Aedeagal Morphology,
2014
University of Sargodha
Forms Of Melanoplus Bowditchi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Collected From Different Host Plants Are Indistinguishable Genetically And In Aedeagal Morphology, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Fatima Mustafa, Kate Kneeland, Mathew L. Brust, W. Wyatt Hoback, Shripat T. Kamble, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
The sagebrush grasshopper, Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a phytophilous species that is widely distributed in the western United States on sagebrush species. The geographical distribution of M. bowditchi is very similar to the range of its host plants and its feeding association varies in relation to sagebrush distribution. Melanoplus bowditchi bowditchi Scudder and M. bowditchi canus Hebard were described based on their feeding association with different sagebrush species, sand sagebrush and silver sagebrush, respectively. Recently, M. bowditchi have been observed feeding on other plant species in western Nebraska. We collected adult M. bowditchi feeding on four plant species, …
Estimating The Frequency Of Cry1f Resistance In Field Populations Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae),
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Estimating The Frequency Of Cry1f Resistance In Field Populations Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Blair D. Siegfried, Murugesan Rangasamy, Haichuan Wang, Terence A. Spencer, Chirakkal V. Haridas, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Douglas V. Sumerford, Nicholas P. Storer
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Background: Transgenic corn hybrids that express toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have suppressed European corn borer populations and reduced the pest status of this insect throughout much of the US corn belt. A major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistance management and Bt corn is that the frequency of resistance alleles is low so that resistant pests surviving exposure to Bt corn will be rare. Results: The frequency of resistance to the Cry1F Bt toxin was estimated using two different screening tools and compared with annual susceptibility monitoring based on diagnostic bioassays and LC50 …
Detection Of Predator Cues Alters Mating Tactics In Male Wolf Spiders,
2014
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Detection Of Predator Cues Alters Mating Tactics In Male Wolf Spiders, Dustin J. Wilgers, Daniel Wickwire, Eileen Hebets
Eileen Hebets Publications
Males of the wolf spider, Rabidosa punctulata, exhibit condition-dependent alternative mating tactics, whereby small, poor condition males engage in multimodal courtship while large, good condition males adopt a direct mount tactic that forgoes courtship. This study explores the possibility that tactic-specific costs can help explain this unintuitive pattern of mating tactic expression. Specifically, we hypothesize that courtship signaling is costly with respect to eavesdropping by predators and that males can alter their tactic expression based upon the perceived environmental predation risk. We test this by first examining the risk of predation associated with different mating tactics. We use a …
Native Insect Herbivory Limits Population Growth Rate Of A
Non-Native Thistle,
2014
University of Minnesota
Native Insect Herbivory Limits Population Growth Rate Of A Non-Native Thistle, James O. Eckberg, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Svata M. Louda
Brigitte Tenhumberg Papers
The influence of native fauna on non-native plant population growth, size, and distribution is not well documented. Previous studies have shown that native insects associated with tall thistle (Cirsium altissimum) also feed on the leaves, stems, and flower heads of the Eurasian congener Cirsium vulgare, thus limiting individual plant performance. In this study, we tested the effects of insect herbivores on the population growth rate of C. vulgare. We experimentally initiated invasions by adding seeds at four unoccupied grassland sites in eastern Nebraska, USA, and recorded plant establishment, survival, and reproduction. Cumulative foliage and floral herbivory …
