Reducing The Risk Of Invasive Forest Pests And Pathogens: Combining Legislation, Targeted Management And Public Awareness,
2016
Edith Cowan University
Reducing The Risk Of Invasive Forest Pests And Pathogens: Combining Legislation, Targeted Management And Public Awareness, Maartje J. Klapwijk, Anna J. M. Hopkins, Louise Eriksson, Maria Pettersson, Martin Schroeder, Ake Lindlow, Jonas Ronnberg, E Carina H. Keskitalo, Marc Kenis
Research outputs 2014 to 2021
Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the …
Tick Genome Assembled: New Opportunities For Research On Tick-Host-Pathogen Interactions,
2016
Old Dominion University
Tick Genome Assembled: New Opportunities For Research On Tick-Host-Pathogen Interactions, Jose De La Fuente, Robert M. Waterhouse, Daniel E. Sonenshine, R. Michael Roe, Jose M. Ribeiro, David B. Sattelle, Catherine A. Hill
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
As tick-borne diseases are on the rise, an international effort resulted in the sequence and assembly of the first genome of a tick vector. This result promotes research on comparative, functional and evolutionary genomics and the study of tick-host-pathogen interactions to improve human, animal and ecosystem health on a global scale.
Land-Use Change Reduces Habitat Suitability For
Supporting Managed Honey Bee Colonies In The
Northern Great Plains,
2016
United States Geological Survey
Land-Use Change Reduces Habitat Suitability For Supporting Managed Honey Bee Colonies In The Northern Great Plains, Clint R. V. Otto, Cali L. Roth, Benjamin L. Carlson, Matthew D. Smart
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Human reliance on insect pollination services continues to increase even as pollinator populations exhibit global declines. Increased commodity crop prices and federal subsidies for biofuel crops, such as corn and soybeans, have contributed to rapid land-use change in the US Northern Great Plains (NGP), changes that may jeopardize habitat for honey bees in a part of the country that supports >40% of the US colony stock. We investigated changes in biofuel crop production and grassland land covers surrounding ~18,000 registered commercial apiaries in North and South Dakota from 2006 to 2014. We then developed habitat selection models to identify remotely …
The Influence Of Photoperiod On Development Rates Of Three Species Of Forensically Important Blow Flies,
2016
North Carolina State University
The Influence Of Photoperiod On Development Rates Of Three Species Of Forensically Important Blow Flies, M. L. Fisher, Leon G. Higley, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Environmental factors, such as temperature and photoperiod can play important roles in insect development. Numerous studies have researched insects and their responses to photoperiod, but there has been little research to show if the duration of light alters development rates in blow flies. A review of previous literature revealed differences in the light regime (L:D) reported for the study. This study examined the effects of photoperiod on development rates of Phormia regina Meigen, Cochliomyia macellaria F., and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy using four light regimes of 0, 12, 16, and 24 h of light measured at both 20C and 26C. Environmental …
Stress-Induced Changes In Abundance Differ Among Obligate
And Facultative Endosymbionts Of The Soybean Aphid,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Stress-Induced Changes In Abundance Differ Among Obligate And Facultative Endosymbionts Of The Soybean Aphid, Laramy S. Enders, Nicholas Miller
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Bacterial endosymbionts can drive evolutionary novelty by conferring adaptive benefits under adverse environmental conditions. Among aphid species there is growing evidence that symbionts influence tolerance to various forms of stress. However, the extent to which stress inflicted on the aphid host has cascading effects on symbiont community dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we simultaneously quantified the effect of host-plant induced and xenobiotic stress on soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) fitness and relative abundance of its three bacterial symbionts. Exposure to soybean defensive stress (Rag1 gene) and a neurotoxic insecticide (thiamethoxam) substantially reduced aphid composite fitness (survival 9 reproduction) …
Plant Tolerance: A Unique Approach
To Control Hemipteran Pests,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Plant Tolerance: A Unique Approach To Control Hemipteran Pests, Kyle G. Koch, Kaitlin Chapman, Joe Louis, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Gautam Sarath
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Plant tolerance to insect pests has been indicated to be a unique category of resistance, however, very little information is available on the mechanism of tolerance against insect pests. Tolerance is distinctive in terms of the plant’s ability to withstand or recover from herbivore injury through growth and compensatory physiological processes. Because plant tolerance involves plant compensatory characteristics, the plant is able to harbor large numbers of herbivores without interfering with the insect pest’s physiology or behavior. Some studies have observed that tolerant plants can compensate photosynthetically by avoiding feedback inhibition and impaired electron flow through photosystem II that occurs …
Reduced Stability And Intracellular Transport Of Dsrna Contribute To Poor Rnai
Response In Lepidopteran Insects,
2016
University of Kentucky
Reduced Stability And Intracellular Transport Of Dsrna Contribute To Poor Rnai Response In Lepidopteran Insects, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Megha Kalsi, Amit Sethi, Kenneth E. Narva, Elane Fishilevich, Satnam Singh, Kanakachari Mogilicherla, Subba Reddy Palli
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used reverse genetic tool to study gene function in eukaryotic organisms and is being developed as a technology for insect pest management. The efficiency of RNAi varies among organisms. Insects from different orders also display differential efficiency of RNAi, ranging from highly efficient (coleopterans) to very low efficient (lepidopterans). We investigated the reasons for varying RNAi efficiency between lepidopteran and coleopteran cell lines and also between the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens. The dsRNA either injected or fed was degraded faster in H. virescens than in L. …
Characterization And Manipulation Of Fruit Susceptibility
To Drosophila Suzukii,
2016
USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit
Characterization And Manipulation Of Fruit Susceptibility To Drosophila Suzukii, Jana C. Lee, Daniel T. Dalton, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Denny J. Bruck, Hannah Burrack, Bernadine C. Strik, J. Megan Woltz, Vaughn M. Walton
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an economic pest of small fruits and cherries that attacks intact ripening fruits. Host susceptibility may be influenced by characteristics such as flesh firmness, penetration force of the skin, total soluble solids (TSS, also known as Brix), and pH. Improved knowledge of factors affecting fruit susceptibility is needed for developing thresholds and risk prediction models for IPM. A combination of laboratory and field studies was conducted to develop prediction and potential management tools. First, a direct bioassay was used to calculate the probability of oviposition in a given fruit based on various characteristics as determined across …
High Levels Of Resistance In The Common Bed Bug, Cimex
Lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), To Neonicotinoid
Insecticides,
2016
New Mexico State University
High Levels Of Resistance In The Common Bed Bug, Cimex Lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), To Neonicotinoid Insecticides, Alvaro Romero, Troy D. Anderson
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
The rapid increase of bed bug populations resistant to pyrethroids demands the development of novel control tactics. Products combining pyrethroids and neonicotinoids have become very popular for bed bug control in the United States, but there are concerns about evolution of resistance to these compounds. Laboratory assays were used to measure the toxicity of topical applications of four neonicotinoids to a susceptible population and three pyrethroid-resistant populations. Activity of esterases, glutathione S-transferases, and cytochrome P450s of all strains was also evaluated. High levels of resistance to four neonicotinoids, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam, relative to the susceptible Fort Dix population, …
Evaluation Of Different Insecticide Formulations
Against Lipaphis Erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), A
Pest On Oil Seed Crop, Camelina Sativa In Pakistan,
2016
University of Sargodha
Evaluation Of Different Insecticide Formulations Against Lipaphis Erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), A Pest On Oil Seed Crop, Camelina Sativa In Pakistan, Muhammad Arshad, Rashad Rasool Khan, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Afzal, Bamphitlhi Tiroesele, Irfan Mustafa, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
False flax, German sesame and Siberian oilseed are the names used for oil seed crop, Camelina sativa L. Crantz of the family Brassicaceae. Camelina sativa is a flexible, summer annual oilseed crop that can be raised in different climatic and soil conditions. The objectives of this study were to test the efficacy of different insecticides against aphid, Lipaphis erysimi on Canadian and Australian Camelina sativa varieties. Insecticides were tested at their field recommended doses using knapsack sprayer. The data on adult mortality of Lipaphis erysimi were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. Acetamiprid and mospilon were found …
Cockroaches (Blattodea) Of Southern Louisiana: Morphology, Diversity, And Life Histories,
2016
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Cockroaches (Blattodea) Of Southern Louisiana: Morphology, Diversity, And Life Histories, Forest Brady Huval
LSU Master's Theses
The state of Louisiana has both temperate and subtropical climates and includes six ecoregions. Two ecoregions in south-central Louisiana were surveyed for members of the order Blattodea to better describe the diversity, life histories, and taxonomy of adult and nymphal cockroaches. Blattodea, excluding the newly included epifamily Termitoidae, is an understudied order of insects in spite of the importance species that are infamous peridomestic pest. The order Blattodea currently contains 9 families comprising of 460 genera. There are approximately 7570 described species 4641 of which are cockroaches and 2929 are termites. Complete information on life histories lacks for the majority …
Results Of Operation Full Stop: Terminix Service Co. Inc., Control Of Formosan Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes Formosanus) In The French Quarter Of New Orleans,
2016
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Results Of Operation Full Stop: Terminix Service Co. Inc., Control Of Formosan Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes Formosanus) In The French Quarter Of New Orleans, Edward Joseph Martin Iv
LSU Master's Theses
In New Orleans alone, the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, causes $300 million in damages annually. Formosan subterranean termites are the most destructive subterranean termite in the world wherever they occur. From 1998- 2011 Operation Full Stop was implemented in five phases. Basic parameters were set up through the LSU AgCenter. French Quarter Residents were allowed to select their own licensed pest control operator for approved termite treatments. The United States Department of Agriculture in New Orleans provided funds to Operation Full Stop to pay the pest control operator for initial treatment and yearly renewal of termite contracts. Terminix Service …
Analysis Of Insect Pest Reports At Lsu Residential Life,
2016
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Analysis Of Insect Pest Reports At Lsu Residential Life, Namoona Acharya
LSU Master's Theses
Urban insect pests are adversely affecting student living on campus at LSU. Insect pest reporting was started systematically in 2000 at LSU Residential Life after introducing Maximo database. To analyze the insect pest reports, complaints from students on ants, bed bugs and cockroaches were selected from the database. From the 16-year data set, the growth trend of reports of ants, bed bugs and cockroaches was found to be increasing. The highest reported month and year for ants was September 2004. In August 2008, cockroaches were most reported on. Bed bug reports peaked in October 2009. Based on the reports, the …
Effects Of Truck Based Ultra-Low Volume Mosquito Adulticides On Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) In A Real World Scenario,
2016
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Effects Of Truck Based Ultra-Low Volume Mosquito Adulticides On Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) In A Real World Scenario, Vivek Pokhrel
LSU Master's Theses
Honey bees are crucial pollinators for many economically important fruit crops. The recent honey bee colony decline in the United States and other regions of the world has caused concern among commercial beekeepers, research groups, the government, and the general public. The role of pesticides in recent honey bee declines has not been fully determined. In Louisiana, it is a common practice to spray truck based ultra-low volume mosquito adulticides in Integrated Mosquito Management Programs to control mosquitoes and minimize the risk of vector borne viruses such as West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika. This study measured the effects of truck …
Changes In The Proteome Of Langat-Infected Ixodes Scapularis Ise6 Cells: Metabolic Pathways Associated With Flavivirus Infection,
2016
Purdue University, Department of Entomology
Changes In The Proteome Of Langat-Infected Ixodes Scapularis Ise6 Cells: Metabolic Pathways Associated With Flavivirus Infection, Jeffrey M. Grabowski, Rushika Perera, Ali M. Roumani, Victoria E. Hedrick, Halina Dorota Inerowicz, Catherine A. Hill, Richard Kuhn
Department of Entomology Faculty Publications
Background: Ticks (Family Ixodidae) transmit a variety of disease causing agents to humans and animals. The tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFs; family Flaviviridae) are a complex of viruses, many of which cause encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever, and represent global threats to human health and biosecurity. Pathogenesis has been well studied in human and animal disease models. Equivalent analyses of tick-flavivirus interactions are limited and represent an area of study that could reveal novel approaches for TBF control. Methodology/Principal Findings: High resolution LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the proteome of Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease tick) embryonic ISE6 cells following infection with Langat virus …
Differential Gene Expression In Varroa Jacobsoni Mites Following A Host Shift To European Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera),
2016
Purdue University, Information Technology at Purdue, West Lafayette, United States
Differential Gene Expression In Varroa Jacobsoni Mites Following A Host Shift To European Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera), Gladys K. Andino, Michael R. Gribskov, Denis L. Anderson, Jay D. Evans, Greg Hunt
Department of Entomology Faculty Publications
Background: Varroa mites are widely considered the biggest honey bee health problem worldwide. Until recently, Varroa jacobsoni has been found to live and reproduce only in Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) colonies, while V. destructor successfully reproduces in both A. cerana and A. mellifera colonies. However, we have identified an island population of V. jacobsoni that is highly destructive to A. mellifera, the primary species used for pollination and honey production. The ability of these populations of mites to cross the host species boundary potentially represents an enormous threat to apiculture, and is presumably due to genetic variation that exists …
Metatranscriptome Analysis Reveals Bacterial Symbiont Contributions To Lower Termite Physiology And Potential Immune Functions.,
2016
Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, United States
Metatranscriptome Analysis Reveals Bacterial Symbiont Contributions To Lower Termite Physiology And Potential Immune Functions., Brittany F. Peterson, Michael E. Scharf
Department of Entomology Faculty Publications
Background: Symbioses throughout the animal kingdom are known to extend physiological and ecological capabilities to hosts. Insect-microbe associations are extremely common and are often related to novel niche exploitation, fitness advantages, and even speciation events. These phenomena include expansions in host diet, detoxification of insecticides and toxins, and increased defense against pathogens. However, dissecting the contributions of individual groups of symbionts at the molecular level is often underexplored due to methodological and analytical limitations. Termites are one of the best studied systems for physiological collaborations between host and symbiota however, most work in lower termites (those with bacterial and protist …
Evolutionary Escalation: The Bat–Moth Arms Race,
2016
Dartmouth College
Evolutionary Escalation: The Bat–Moth Arms Race, John M. Ratcliffe
Dartmouth Scholarship
Echolocation in bats and high-frequency hearing in their insect prey make bats and insects an ideal system for studying the sensory ecology and neuroethology of predator–prey interactions. Here, we review the evolutionary history of bats and eared insects, focusing on the insect order Lepidoptera, and consider the evidence for antipredator adaptations and predator counter-adaptations. Ears evolved in a remarkable number of body locations across insects, with the original selection pressure for ears differing between groups. Although cause and effect are difficult to determine, correlations between hearing and life history strategies in moths provide evidence for how these two variables influence …
Ant Diversity And Community Structure In Coastal Dunes And Wetlands,
2016
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Ant Diversity And Community Structure In Coastal Dunes And Wetlands, Xuan Chen
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
How do many species live in a certain place? How does species composition changes among habitats? And what mechanisms decide species distribution? These are fundamental questions in community ecology. I first investigated ant diversity in two coastal ecosystems (dunes and wetlands) in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and then used the distribution patterns to infer assembly processes that structure ant communities in coastal areas. Specifically, the following hypotheses are tested: (1) coastal systems support lower ant diversity due to the unsuitable environment; (2) species living near the seashore are a subset of those exist near inland; (3) deterministic processes are …
Mevalonate-Farnesal Biosynthesis In Ticks: Comparative Synganglion Transcriptomics And A New Perspective,
2016
Old Dominion University
Mevalonate-Farnesal Biosynthesis In Ticks: Comparative Synganglion Transcriptomics And A New Perspective, Jiwei Zhu, Sayed M. Khalil, Robert D. Mitchell, Brooke W. Bissinger, Noble Egekwu, Daniel E. Sonenshine, R. Michael Roe
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Juvenile hormone (JH) controls the growth, development, metamorphosis, and reproduction of insects. For many years, the general assumption has been that JH regulates tick and other acarine development and reproduction the same as in insects. Although researchers have not been able to find the common insect JHs in hard and soft tick species and JH applications appear to have no effect on tick development, it is difficult to prove the negative or to determine whether precursors to JH are made in ticks. The tick synganglion contains regions which are homologous to the corpora allata, the biosynthetic source for JH in …
