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Articles 45151 - 45180 of 255951

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Factors Influencing Mortality Of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis), Emily Moberg Jan 2023

Factors Influencing Mortality Of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis), Emily Moberg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Reintroduced bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in Nebraska faced a devastating pneumonia epizootic resulting in variable ewe reproductive success and poor lamb recruitment in many of the herds. From 2015-2017, no lamb recruitment was observed in the northern Pine Ridge subpopulation and as many as 60% of adults died. This was in stark contrast to the healthier Wildcat Hills herds to the south, where lamb recruitment was estimated to be between 50-70% during the same years. From 2018-2020, we radio-collared and recaptured 76 adult female bighorn sheep from 2 of 3 Pine Ridge herds and 1 of 2 Wildcat Hills herds. …

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Hydroquinidine Displays A Significant Anti-Carcinogenic Activity In Breast And Ovarian Cancer Cells Via Inhibiting Cell-Cycle And Stimulating Apoptosis, Mervenur Yavuz, Betül Şahi̇n, Ahmet Tarik Baykal, Turan Demi̇rcan Jan 2023

Hydroquinidine Displays A Significant Anti-Carcinogenic Activity In Breast And Ovarian Cancer Cells Via Inhibiting Cell-Cycle And Stimulating Apoptosis, Mervenur Yavuz, Betül Şahi̇n, Ahmet Tarik Baykal, Turan Demi̇rcan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Breast and ovarian cancers are women's most commonly diagnosed cancers. Seeking an efficient anticarcinogenic compound is still a top priority regarding the aggressiveness of these cancers and the limited benefit of current therapies. Hydroquinidine (HQ) is a natural alkaloid used in arrhythmia and Brugada syndrome. As an ion channel blocker, HQ exhibits its activity by altering ion gradient and membrane potential. Considering the growing evidence of ion channel blockers' antineoplastic potential, we were prompted to test HQ's effect on breast and ovarian cancers. MCF-7 and SKOV-3 cell lines were used to inspect how HQ acts on survival, clonogenicity, migration, tumorigenicity, …

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Diets Of Invasive Channel Catfish Are Subsidized By Invasive Riparian Trees, Christopher A. Cheek, Brandon K. Peoples, Reuben R. Goforth Jan 2023

Diets Of Invasive Channel Catfish Are Subsidized By Invasive Riparian Trees, Christopher A. Cheek, Brandon K. Peoples, Reuben R. Goforth

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is an invasive, fruit- bearing riparian tree that dominates riparian zones of the San Juan River in the southwestern United States. Previous research in this river suggests olive fruit is common in diets of invasive channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), but its energetic importance is unknown (i.e. critical for catfish fitness vs. incidental consumption). We assessed Russian olive consumption in channel catfish diets bimonthly for 1 year, hypothesizing that olive consumption would be greatest during periods of high olive availability and low benthic aquatic invertebrate availability. We found that catfish consumed olive fruit throughout the year and …

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Facing Into The Blizzard: Resiliency And Mortality Of Native And Domestic North American Ungulates To Extreme Weather Events, Jeff Martin Jan 2023

Facing Into The Blizzard: Resiliency And Mortality Of Native And Domestic North American Ungulates To Extreme Weather Events, Jeff Martin

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Unseasonably early blizzards in the northern Great Plains threaten large mammal populations unacclimated for variable and extreme winter conditions. This region averaged 22 blizzards per winter season during the 2010s, up from 6 during the 1960s, and is anticipated to average 32 blizzards by the 2050s. In early October 2013, the fatal Atlas Blizzard affected four livestock and captive species in 16 counties of western South Dakota. Expected one-week total death losses for the study area were estimated from national average background mortality rates: 161 cattle, 102 sheep, 9 horses, and 6 bison. However, observed death loss varied significantly (McNemar’s …

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Production, Best Management Practices, And Market Impacts Of Forest Biomass Harvest And Collection In The Mid-Atlantic Region, William E. Smith Jan 2023

Production, Best Management Practices, And Market Impacts Of Forest Biomass Harvest And Collection In The Mid-Atlantic Region, William E. Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Time motion studies were conducted at five mid-Atlantic sites that spanned various operations in West Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The harvest systems included integrated harvests where chips were produced in the forest, roundwood systems where only roundwood was produced, and a centralized chipping system. The study collected overall productivity and machine utilization data at the various harvesting operations. The cost per green ton of woody biomass ranged from $18.46 to $39.8 resulting in an average of $30.33 among the five systems. Hauling had the highest average price per green ton at $9.10, while loading had the lowest at $1.73 per …

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Advancing Assessments Of Climate Change Vulnerability Of West Virginia Watersheds, Joseph T. Molina Jan 2023

Advancing Assessments Of Climate Change Vulnerability Of West Virginia Watersheds, Joseph T. Molina

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As climate change is becoming increasingly recognized as a threat to aquatic ecosystems, climate adaptation planning, in both the long- and short-term, is becoming more common in natural resource management. There is a need within conservation agencies to develop methodologies and assessments that support adaptation planning to efficiently disperse conservation dollars and effectively strengthen ecological and community resilience as climate changes continue. My thesis aims to provide West Virginia natural resources managers with climate vulnerability assessments that can be used to determine where and how conservation efforts should be administered. Additionally, I demonstrate a methodology that can be built upon …

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Effects Of Combined Ethanol And Nicotine Administration On Delay Discounting In Male And Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Rebecca Lillian Chalme Jan 2023

Effects Of Combined Ethanol And Nicotine Administration On Delay Discounting In Male And Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Rebecca Lillian Chalme

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ethanol (EtOH) and nicotine (NIC) are among the most commonly used and co-used drugs in the world. Co-use occurs in people who use one or both drugs chronically, but also in people who only consume one or both drugs acutely, often in a “bingeing and chipping” pattern. Given that each drug on its own has previously been shown to affect impulsive choice in delay-discounting procedures, with some indication that drug effects could vary by sex, the purpose of the present experiments was to investigate effects of combined EtOH and NIC at a range of dose combinations on delay discounting in …

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Attachment Issues: Microbes, Minerals, And The Persistence Of Soil Organic Matter, Md Shafiul Islam Rion Jan 2023

Attachment Issues: Microbes, Minerals, And The Persistence Of Soil Organic Matter, Md Shafiul Islam Rion

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The remnants of microorganisms are now understood to account for the majority of organic matter in many mineral soils. Despite the significance of this microbial necromass for soil carbon storage, we know relatively little about how the traits of microorganisms interact with soil minerals to determine the stability of microbe derived carbon in soil. Soil minerals differ in their surface area and chemistry potentially influencing microbial attachment, biofilm formation, and the persistence of microbial necromass. To address this knowledge gap, we grew twelve bacterial species from four broad groups of varying cell wall morphology (Gram positive, Gram negative, filamentous actinobacteria, …

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Detection And Observed Correlations Of Statin And Beta-Blocking Pharmaceuticals In West Virginia Surface Waters And Ichthyofauna, Joseph W. Kingsbury Jan 2023

Detection And Observed Correlations Of Statin And Beta-Blocking Pharmaceuticals In West Virginia Surface Waters And Ichthyofauna, Joseph W. Kingsbury

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Within this thesis the source, presence, and the estimated ecotoxicological effects of cardiovascular medicines, specifically statins and beta-blockers are described within the Buckhannon, Tygart Valley, and West Fork Rivers of West Virginia. Included within this thesis is a general introduction providing key background information and relevant research related to the source, presence, and known toxicity of statins and beta-blockers. Following the general introduction there are 3 distinct chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on the estimated demographic based source loadings and the surface water concentration characteristics of statins and beta-blockers within the three rivers. Chapter 2 investigates the effects of statins and …

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Addition Of Apple Pomace To Feeding Substrate On Growth, Development, And Survival Rates Of Yellow Mealworms (Tenebrio Molitor) And Characterization Of Their Proteins Extracted By A Ph-Shift Process, Michelle Duvall Jan 2023

Addition Of Apple Pomace To Feeding Substrate On Growth, Development, And Survival Rates Of Yellow Mealworms (Tenebrio Molitor) And Characterization Of Their Proteins Extracted By A Ph-Shift Process, Michelle Duvall

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The weight changes, survival/mortality rates, and proximate compositions of Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) larvae whose diets were supplemented with apple pomace were analyzed after a 4-week feeding study to examine the nutritional quality of the insects for use as a future potential food source. Going forward, the terms “mealworm(s)”, "yellow mealworm(s)”, “T. molitor” will be used interchangeably and will always refer to the same species. The mealworm larvae were randomly divided into two groups: in addition to standard worm chow, one group was given 15 g/week of non-nutritive water-storing polymer crystals and the other was given apple pomace …

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Impacts Of Temperature And Salt Concentrations For Thermal Inactivation Of Salmonella In Moisture Enhanced Reconstructed Chicken Patties, Alik D. Browning Jan 2023

Impacts Of Temperature And Salt Concentrations For Thermal Inactivation Of Salmonella In Moisture Enhanced Reconstructed Chicken Patties, Alik D. Browning

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the thermal kinetic parameters of Salmonella in moisture-enhanced, reconstructed ground chicken patties as affected by temperatures and salt concentrations. Salmonella is responsible for 35% of the foodborne illnesses associated with poultry products (Batz et al., 2011). Nonintact reconstructed chicken meat is mixed with brine solutions containing various salt and polyphosphate concentrations to increase water-holding capacity, decrease cooking losses, improve sensory tasting scores, and maintain the good quality of completed chicken products (Gill et al., 2004). Increasing salt concentrations within meats can increase the thermal inactivation of pathogens. In this study, Salmonella Typhimurium …

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Cancer Promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps In The Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Microenvironment, Abby Ivey Jan 2023

Cancer Promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps In The Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Microenvironment, Abby Ivey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive disease with an overall survival rate at 12%. This poor outcome at diagnosis is in part due to the lack of effective treatment options. The aggressive disease and unique tumor microenvironment generated during disease initiation and progression has contributed to the lack of effective therapeutic options. Chemotherapy options have not improved overall survival substantially, the effectiveness of radiation therapy remains controversial, and immunotherapies provide little to no benefit when added to current standards of care. Thus, there is a critical need for new therapeutics that can either target PDAC alone or be added …

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Development Of A Framework To Support Community-Scale Nutrient Recovery For Local Crop Fertilization And Production, Scott A. Lopez Jan 2023

Development Of A Framework To Support Community-Scale Nutrient Recovery For Local Crop Fertilization And Production, Scott A. Lopez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nutrient and resource recovery (NRR) has become increasingly crucial as regions face deteriorating sanitation infrastructures, limited support, and growing environmental challenges. Implementing region-specific NRR technologies and systems could provide effective circular economy insights into addressing these challenges. Because of the multidisciplinary challenges associated with the design and implementation of NRR strategies, various government and local decision-makers need to collaborate effectively in the decision-making process. Structured decision-making (SDM) methodologies are practical when determining the most appropriate NRR strategy for nutrient-rich waste streams. However, applications of computational SDM limited because of the vast amounts of data that are needed to analyze the …

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Analysis Of ‘Touch’ Dna Recovered From Metal Substrates: An Investigation Into Cfdna-Metal Interactions And The Efficacy Of Different Collection Techniques On Dna Yield, Jessica E. Thornton Jan 2023

Analysis Of ‘Touch’ Dna Recovered From Metal Substrates: An Investigation Into Cfdna-Metal Interactions And The Efficacy Of Different Collection Techniques On Dna Yield, Jessica E. Thornton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

While several improvements have been made in recent years to optimize the recovery of ‘touch’ DNA, relatively little research has been conducted to understand the relationship between ‘touch’ DNA and the binding affinity of that DNA to metal surfaces, specifically those with a significant copper presence. Furthermore, characterization of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and its contribution to ‘touch’ samples and those cfDNA-metal interactions from objects commonly identified at crime scenes (cartridge casings, knives, doorknobs) have been lacking. Research has identified the tendency of copper ions to intercalate with DNA helices, resulting in sample degradation among other damaging conformational changes; however, while …

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Economic Comparison Of The Relative Costs And Efficiency Of Using Thermo Fisher Scientific Rapidhit™ Id System Versus Traditional Dna Laboratory Analysis, Paul J. Speaker Jan 2023

Economic Comparison Of The Relative Costs And Efficiency Of Using Thermo Fisher Scientific Rapidhit™ Id System Versus Traditional Dna Laboratory Analysis, Paul J. Speaker

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

With the emergence of any new technology, economic questions arise regarding the efficacy of the new technology in comparison to existing analytical techniques. While the question of ultimate interest concerns the return on investment (ROI) of the new technology, that ROI requires both an evaluation of the net benefits of the technology and an examination of the costs to implement the technology. In this report, we examine the full-loaded cost structure of traditional DNA analysis using fiscal year 2021 data from Project FORESIGHT and compare the cost per sample with the price structure of the Thermo Fischer Scientific RapidHit technology. …

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Room-Temperature Crystallography Reveals Altered Binding Of Small-Molecule Fragments To Ptp1b, Tamar Skaist Mehlman, Justin T. Biel, Syeda Maryam Azeem, Elliot R. Nelson, Sakib Hossain, Louise Dunnett, Neil G. Paterson, Alice Douangamath, Romain Talon, Danny Axford, Helen Orins, Frank Von Delft, Daniel A. Keedy Jan 2023

Room-Temperature Crystallography Reveals Altered Binding Of Small-Molecule Fragments To Ptp1b, Tamar Skaist Mehlman, Justin T. Biel, Syeda Maryam Azeem, Elliot R. Nelson, Sakib Hossain, Louise Dunnett, Neil G. Paterson, Alice Douangamath, Romain Talon, Danny Axford, Helen Orins, Frank Von Delft, Daniel A. Keedy

Advanced Science Research Center

Much of our current understanding of how small-molecule ligands interact with proteins stems from X-ray crystal structures determined at cryogenic (cryo) temperature. For proteins alone, room-temperature (RT) crystallography can reveal previously hidden, biologically relevant alternate conformations. However, less is understood about how RT crystallography may impact the conformational landscapes of protein-ligand complexes. Previously, we showed that small-molecule fragments cluster in putative allosteric sites using a cryo crystallographic screen of the therapeutic target PTP1B (Keedy et al., 2018). Here, we have performed two RT crystallographic screens of PTP1B using many of the same fragments, representing the largest RT crystallographic screens of …

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Editorial: Microglia In Neuroinflammation, Pinar Ayata, Ido Amit, Carla M. Cuda Jan 2023

Editorial: Microglia In Neuroinflammation, Pinar Ayata, Ido Amit, Carla M. Cuda

Advanced Science Research Center

Microglia are a resident innate immune cell population of the central nervous system (CNS) derived from yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitors that migrate to the developing brain prior to the formation of the blood-brain barrier. This critical cell population has gained considerable traction in the literature as it is considered a protective barrier from CNS damage and, yet, can also serve as a primary mediator of neuroinflammation. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia perform homeostatic functions, such as parenchymal surveillance, neurotrophic support, pathogen or debris removal, and maintenance of synaptic homeostasis and neuronal plasticity.

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Investigating The Potential For Industrial Dairy Farms To Move Towards Sustainability In Western Michigan, Kendra Kay Slater, Rebecca Williams Jan 2023

Investigating The Potential For Industrial Dairy Farms To Move Towards Sustainability In Western Michigan, Kendra Kay Slater, Rebecca Williams

Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts

Industrial dairy farms, also referred to as concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOS) or factory farms, are often known for the negative effects they have on the environment and animals. However, these farms are the backbone of our food systems supplying 99% of our dairy and meat in the United States. In this qualitative case study, we conduct in-depth interviews and farm transect walks with five industrial dairy farmers in Western Michigan to examine how they view and define sustainability, how they incorporate sustainable practices on their farms, and what they perceive as the barriers to industrial dairy sustainability. To analyze …

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Cell Signaling And Stress Response In The Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: A Study Of Snf1, Scott E. Arbet Ii Jan 2023

Cell Signaling And Stress Response In The Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: A Study Of Snf1, Scott E. Arbet Ii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae are yeast that are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that are well studied as a model organism for understanding fundamental cellular processes. The ability of yeast to sense nutrient availability is crucial for their survival, growth, and reproduction. Yeast cells use various mechanisms to sense and respond to nutrient availability, including transporter-mediated uptake, receptor-mediated signaling, and sensing of metabolites. The subcellular localization of nutrient-sensing components is crucial for yeast function in nutrient sensing and signaling. Protein complexes, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, in nutrient sensing and response, as well as the downstream effects of these pathways …

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The Immediate Effects Of The Nunee Patellar Support On Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Nick Linn Jan 2023

The Immediate Effects Of The Nunee Patellar Support On Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Nick Linn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common form of anterior knee pain caused by general overuse, muscular weakness or strength imbalances, and poor movement coordination leading to abnormal alignment or mal-tracking of the patella. Recent guidelines do not recommend the use of a knee orthosis due to a lack of evidence supporting their effectiveness. A new patellar support (NuNee, K-Neesio LLC.) which uses distraction force to relieve pressure placed on the patella, has been proposed. The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate effects of the NuNee patellar support on perceived pain, biomechanics, and function in individuals with …

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Elucidation Of The Role Of Agouti-Signaling Protein Throughout Folliculogenesis And Early Embryonic Development In Cattle, Heather L. Chaney Jan 2023

Elucidation Of The Role Of Agouti-Signaling Protein Throughout Folliculogenesis And Early Embryonic Development In Cattle, Heather L. Chaney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The oocyte expresses certain genes during folliculogenesis to regulate the acquisition of oocyte competence. Oocyte competence, which refers to the presence of imperative molecular factors in the oocyte that are critical for high oocyte quality, is directly related to the ability of the oocyte to result in a successful pregnancy following fertilization. Over the past few decades, the development and optimization of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly in vitrofertilization, have enabled the beef and dairy industries to advance cattle genetics and productivity. However, only approximately 40% of bovine embryos will develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro. In addition, bovine embryos …

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To What Extent Do Non-Native Shrubs Support Higher Trophic Levels?, Ari Zakroff Jan 2023

To What Extent Do Non-Native Shrubs Support Higher Trophic Levels?, Ari Zakroff

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Invasive species threaten ecosystems and economies. Globally, biological invasions are estimated to have cost over $2.1 trillion since 1970. In Eastern North American woodlands, invasive plants are rapidly displacing natives. This is concerning, because invasive plants may not support the diverse and abundant arthropod communities essential to ecosystem function. Despite the conceptual understanding of invasive shrubs’ potential to transform forest communities, scant research has focused on the effect of invasive plants on higher trophic levels here in Ohio. To address this gap, I examined the diversity and abundance of arthropod communities, caterpillar performance, and caterpillar predation on two invasive shrubs, …

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Female Middle Aged Rats Showed Increased Recovery From A Focal Demyelination With Drug Combination : Changes In Dcx And Nfkb Suggest Increased Oligodendrocytes Production, Andrew James Smith Jan 2023

Female Middle Aged Rats Showed Increased Recovery From A Focal Demyelination With Drug Combination : Changes In Dcx And Nfkb Suggest Increased Oligodendrocytes Production, Andrew James Smith

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis affect millions of people around the globe, and promising treatments to counter its progress have been studied extensively. In our study, we used Dawley rats and tested them using the Montoya Staircase test to evaluate their ability to use their forelimbs. After training, surgery was performed using lysolecithin to induce focal demyelination on the rats. After the surgery a drug combination of fluoxetine, ibuprofen, and ascorbic acid was used on injured rats and they were then retested on the Montoya Staircase test. They were then sacrificed and were stained for doublecortin (DCX) and nuclear …

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The Role Of Platelet-Activating Factor And Microvesicle Particles In Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury-Induced Multiple Organ Failure, Rushabh Pawan Lohade Jan 2023

The Role Of Platelet-Activating Factor And Microvesicle Particles In Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury-Induced Multiple Organ Failure, Rushabh Pawan Lohade

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Intoxicated thermal burn injury (ITBI) is more severe than thermal burn injury (TBI) alone and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence from mouse models that replicate the human condition of multiple organ dysfunction has been informative. ITBI results in enhanced bacterial translocation from the gut, increased levels of proinflammatory mediators, and immune cell infiltration in various organs, resulting in inflammation in multiple organs with subsequent dysfunction. In addition, ITBI induces delayed systemic immunosuppression. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying ITBI-induced inflammation and damage in multiple organs, we investigate the role of Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and subcellular microvesicle particles (MVPs) in this …

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Effect Of Reduced Cardiomyocyte O-Glcnacylation On The Expression And Activity Of The Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, Chiagozie Dawn Bede Paul-Onyia Jan 2023

Effect Of Reduced Cardiomyocyte O-Glcnacylation On The Expression And Activity Of The Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, Chiagozie Dawn Bede Paul-Onyia

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Abnormal glycosylation can impact cardiac proteins, affecting signaling, contraction, and metabolism, which leads to compromised cardiac function. O-GlcNAcylation, the only form of intracellular glycosylation, involves adding a single GlcNAc molecule to proteins via enzymes: O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) for addition and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) for removal. The Ednie/Bennett lab has previously demonstrated that in both chronic (OGT KO) and acute (OGT inhibition) models of reduced cardiomyocyte O-GlcNAcylation, a disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis occurs. This study delved into the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV 1.5) in these models. NaV 1.5 expression was analyzed through western blotting and immunocytochemistry, while its functional activity was …

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The Effect Of Alpha Lipoic Acid On Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy In Danio Rerio, Sophia Scott Jan 2023

The Effect Of Alpha Lipoic Acid On Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy In Danio Rerio, Sophia Scott

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Even though poor glycemic control puts diabetics at risk for a variety of disease complications, there are many barriers to achieving adequate blood glucose regulation. Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a progressive autonomic denervation of the cardiovascular system resulting from chronic hyperglycemia and characterized by orthostatic hypertension, sinus tachycardia, low heart rate variability, and fatal arrhythmias. Available CAN therapeutics are limited to symptom alleviation, and do not prevent or reverse cardiac nerve damage. Limited evidence from clinical trials suggests the antioxidant Alpha Lipoid Acid (ALA) prevents CAN progression (Lee et al., 2017; Serhiyenko et al., 2020; Tankova, Koev & …

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The Affect Of Dha Concentration On Lipid Membrane Fluidity, Elise Rezabeck Jan 2023

The Affect Of Dha Concentration On Lipid Membrane Fluidity, Elise Rezabeck

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

My proposed project will be creating large unilaminar vesicles with varying concentrations of DHA in the vesicles. The diffusion in and out of these vesicles will be tracked by using singular lipid molecules. These singular lipid molecules will be tagged with fluorescence and viewed using an internal reflection fluorescence microscope. The data collected over the course of this project will then be analyzed using Matlab. The result of the project will be to find the specific lipid diffusion constant of these unilaminar vesicles. The relationship between the concentration of DHA and lipid diffusion and membrane fluidity will be found as …

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The Use Of Dynamic Light Scattering To Determine Mineral Precipitation In Bacteria., Isabella Manning Jan 2023

The Use Of Dynamic Light Scattering To Determine Mineral Precipitation In Bacteria., Isabella Manning

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Particulate calcium carbonate (PCC) is an important filler in industrial products, including paints, which are obtained through mining and sintering (heating to 1,100°C), which is responsible for up to 2% of global emissions. A potential solution to reduce these emissions is the use of calcium carbonate produced by bacteria from atmospheric , through a process called microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). One of the primary uses of PCCs is in paint, requiring them to be a specific size (~700nm). When we have been collecting samples of PCCs produced by bacteria, which demonstrate clumping, making them too large for use in …

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The Accuracy Of Recreational Athletes In Self Detecting Ventilation Threshold During A Maximal Exercise Test, Andrew Biegner Jan 2023

The Accuracy Of Recreational Athletes In Self Detecting Ventilation Threshold During A Maximal Exercise Test, Andrew Biegner

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

INTRODUCTION: Ventilatory threshold (VT) is where minute ventilation (VE) increases nonlinearly with increasing exercise intensity. Prior studies have shown that subjects can recognize VT by changes in breathing during exercise. Teaching recreational athletes to use VT as a training method could result in better quality training. PURPOSE: Determine if recreational athletes can accurately perceive changes in ventilation associated with VT during maximal exercise testing. METHODS: Subjects were recruited (n=20, age= 20.5 ± 1.7 yrs.) to participate in the study. Subjects performed a modified maximal treadmill protocol with gas analysis. Subjects indicated when they noticed a considerable change …

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Knockout Of Endospanin 1 Via Crispr In Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Jared Kittinger Jan 2023

Knockout Of Endospanin 1 Via Crispr In Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Jared Kittinger

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

I made endospanin 1 knockout (KO) zebrafish to examine its effects on lipid and bone metabolism. Endospanin 1, or leptin receptor overlapping transcript (leprot), is a cytosolic protein linked to the protein hormone leptin that influences the trafficking of leptin receptors to the plasma membrane of cells. Genes for endospanin and tyrosinase (a pigmentation enzyme) were targeted via a microinjection of guide RNAs and CRISPR Cas9 into zebrafish embryos at 2-4 cell stages. I was able to disrupt the endospanin 1 gene (based upon the disruption of tyrosinase), but very few mutant zebrafish fully developed into adults. Only low KO …

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