Life Sciences Commons^™

Correlated Confocal And Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscopy Imaging Of The Same Cells Using Sequential Fluorescence Labeling, Fixation, And Critical Point Dehydration, Lee D. Peachey, Harunori Ishikawa, Tohru Murakami

Scanning Microscopy

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and intermediate voltage transmission electron microscopy (IVEM) each has its own particular advantages. CLSM can examine living cells, but is particularly useful when applied to cells that have been lightly fixed, permeabilized, and stained with fluorescent-labeled antibodies for localization of specific molecular species at the resolution of the light microscope while still in the hydrated state. IVEM provides much higher resolution images, but requires more drastic preparation procedures, including dehydration. This paper presents methods for combining these complementary approaches to examine exactly the same cells sequentially by CLSM and IVEM. Cells are grown in culture …

Long-Term Monitoring And Analyses Of Physical Factors Regulating Variability In Coastal Antarctic Phytoplankton Biomass, In Situ Productivity And Taxonomic Composition Over Subseasonal, Seasonal And Interannual Time Scales, Mark A. Moline, Barbara B. Prezelin

Biological Sciences

A 3 yr high-resolution temporal data base related to phytoplankton dynamics was collected during the austral spring/summer periods of 1991 to 1994 in shelf waters adjacent to Palmer Station, Antarctica. Here, the data base is used (1) to quantify the variability in phytoplankton biomass, in situ productivity and taxonomic composition over subseasonal, seasonal and interannual time scales; (2) to elucidate environmental mechanisms controlling these temporal patterns; and (3) to ascertain which phytoplankton markers are most suitable for detecting longer-term (i.e. decadal) trends in phytoplankton dynamics in coastal waters of the Southern Ocean. The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) coastal study sites …

Immunocytochemistry By Electron Spectroscopic Imaging Using Well Defined Boronated Monovalent Antibody Fragments, M. M. Kessels, B. Qualmann, W. D. Sierralta

Scanning Microscopy

Contributing to the rapidly developing field of immunoelectron microscopy a new kind of markers has been created. The element boron, incorporated as very stable carborane clusters into different kinds of peptides, served as a marker detectable by electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) - an electron microscopic technique with high-resolution potential.

Covalently linked immunoreagents conspicuous by the small size of both antigen recognizing part and marker moiety are accessible by using peptide concepts for label construction and their conjugation with Fab' fragments. Due to a specific labeling of the free thiol groups of the Fab' fragments, the antigen binding capacity was not …

In Situ Hybridization, In Situ Transcription, And In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction, L. E. De Bault, J. Gu

Scanning Microscopy

In situ hybridization, in situ transcription, and in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are techniques used to detect DNA and RNA sequences within a cell or tissue structure. These three in situ methodologies employ the principles of recombinant DNA to form double-stranded hybrids of DNA-DNA, DNA-RNA, or RNA-RNA. The essence of in situ hybridization (ISH) is the hybridization of a labeled probe to a complementary target sequence, whereas in situ transcription (IST) is the synthesis of complementary DNA incorporating a label directly on the target DNA or RNA within a cell or tissue. In the case of in situ PCR …

Effect Of Filter Pore Size For Liquid Effluent Removal On The Performance Of An Artificial Rumen Reactor, Amelia Kajumulo Kivaisi, Martin Barugahare

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effect of filter pore size on performance of an artificial rumen reactor was studied. Filter units of pore sizes in the range of 10-300 mm were used in the reactor to separate the solids from the fermentation liquid at solid and liquid retention times of 72 and 12 h, respectively. The overall performance of the reactor decrease markedly with increasing filter pore size. Total cellulose activity and substrate degradation decreased by 70 and 30% respectively, when the pre sizes changed from 10 to 300 mm. ciliate protozoa decreased in number with increasing filter pore size and were almost completely …

A Floristic Study Of The Republican River Valley In Nebraska With Emphasis On Endangered, Threatened, And Rare Plants, Steven J. Rothenberger

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The objectives of this study were: (1) to survey the Republican River Valley and selected tributaries in Nebraska for rare plant species (as listed by the Nebraska Natural Heritage program) and determine the present status of these species; (2) to identify and describe potential natural areas that, because of their location and/or species composition, are thought to have ecological value; (3) to complie a plant species check list for the study area in order to better understand species distributions and associations that impact rare species; and (4) to speculate as to the effect of instream river flows on the distribution …

External Morphology Of The Chorion Of The Annual Fishes Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), Marcelo Loureiro, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Members of the family Rivulidae (killifishes) inhabit temporary bodies of freshwater in South and Central America (one species is also found in North America). The most remarkable characteristic of the family Rivulidae is that species have an annual life cycle with a drought-resistant egg during the dry season. Parenti's (1981) analysis of the order Cyprinodontiformes considered a single genus, Cynolebias, whereas Cos- ta's (1990) phylogenetic analysis of the family Rivulidae separates Cynolebias from Cynopoecilus. One of Costa's synapomorphies to separate Cynopoecilus is the unique structure of their egg's chorion, which is shared with Leptolebias and Campellolebias.

Eumops Perotis, Troy L. Best, W. Mark Kiser, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Eumops perotis is the largest bat in the United States. The greater mastiff bat resembles other North American free-tailed bats, but is distinguished from other molossids by its large size and lack of long guard hairs on the rump (Barbour and Davis, 1969). E. perotis has the thinnest dentary of any Eumops (Freeman, 1981a).In the United States, E. perotis can be separated from E. underwoodi by its larger size (forearm is 73-83 mm in E. perotis and 65-77 mm in E. underwoodi), darker color, and lack of long guard hairs on the rump. The ears are longer (36-47 mm …

Microscopic Analysis Of Dna And Dna-Protein Assembly By Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy And Scanning Force Microscopy, T. Müller-Reichhert, H. Gross

Scanning Microscopy

To investigate DNA and DNA-protein assembly, nucleic acids were adsorbed to freshly cleaved mica in the presence of magnesium ions. The efficiency of DNA adhesion and the distribution of the molecules on the mica surface were checked by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, various kinds of DNA-protein interactions including DNA wrapping and DNA super-coiling were analyzed using electron microscopy. In parallel, this Mg²⁺/mica method can be applied (1) to analyze embedded DNA by scanning tunneling microscopy, (2) to visualize freeze-dried, metal coated DNA-protein complexes by tunneling microscopy, and (3) to image DNA or DNA-protein interaction in air or …

Preparation Of Samples For Polymerase Chain Reaction In Situ, Gerard J. Nuovo

Scanning Microscopy

The purpose of this paper is to describe the key variables in sample and reagent preparation needed for successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in situ. Tissue or cell preparations should be fixed in a cross linking fixative, such as 10% buffered formalin, preferably from 15 to 48 hours. Tissues should be embedded in paraffin; cell preparations can be fixed when near confluence, then physically removed and processed. When possible three samples (4 μM tissue sections or 1-5000 cells) should be placed on silane coated glass slides. Digestion in pepsin (2 mg/ml) for 30 min is adequate for DNA detection …

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 8, No. 16, December 19, 1996

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Grants

Departmental travelers

Announcements

Congratulations

Calendar of events

Publications

Deadlines

Office news

Aspects Of Cryofixation And Cryosectioning For The Observation Of Bulk Biological Samples In The Hydrated State By Cryoelectron Microscopy, K. Richter

Scanning Microscopy

Cryoelectron microscopy allows the observation of hydrated samples at high spatial resolution, and it would be of great interest in biology to apply this method to cells and tissues. However, because of technical problems, the cryo-observation of frozen hydrated ultrathin sections of bulk material has not become an established method. The major limitations are due to the difficulty of achieving the vitrification of such material, and the structural deformation caused by ultrathin sectioning: 1. The vitrification of cells in a physiological environment requires high-pressure freezing. However, new results suggest that the pressure may alter the ultrastructure of the sample. 2. …

The Rna-Binding Site Of Bacteriophage Qβ Coat Protein, Francis Lim, Marc Spingola, David Peabody

Biology Department Faculty Works

The coat proteins of the RNA bacteriophages Qβ and MS2 are specific RNA binding proteins. Although they possess common tertiary structures, they bind different RNA stem loops and thus provide useful models of specific protein-RNA recognition. Although the RNA-binding site of MS2 coat protein has been extensively characterized previously, little is known about Qβ. Here we describe the isolation of mutants that define the RNA-binding site of Qβ coat protein, showing that, as with MS2, it resides on the surface of a large β-sheet. Mutations are also described that convert Qβ coat protein to the RNA binding specificity of MS2. …

Cropwatch No. 96-26, Dec. 13, 1996, Lisa Brown Jasa

Crop Watch (1994–2005)

Corn, soybean, sorghum crops weigh in with record harvests ..............175

Field drydown doesn't cause dry matter loss.............. 175

Briefs.............. 176

Seed supplies 'good' for '97 ..............177

Northeast Center nitrogen rate research shows little yield difference this year ..............178

Research jury still out on new product - Amisorb ..............179

Research shows little yield benefit, increased harvest loss from narrow row corn ..............179

Use winter to assess, plan, prepare equipment for planting ..............180

1996 CropWatch index ..............181

Distribution Of R-Banded Chromosome Variants In A Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) Population, Kristine Anne Gunter

Dissertations and Theses

When combined with observational and behavioral data, chromosome variant analysis provides a means of assessing population structure in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. In this cytogenetic analysis of thirty-six bottlenose dolphins, a distribution of fluorescent R-band variants was catalogued and used as a way to characterize the genetic structure of a Tursiops population inhabiting the Matagorda Bay, Texas, area. Three different population genetic analytical techniques were evaluated for their usefulness in analyzing cytogenetic data. The chromosome variant data obtained from this study was then compared with cytogenetic data gathered from a resident dolphin population residing near Sarasota, Florida.

The purpose …

Evaluation Of The Success Of Constructed Wetlands In The Cave Run Lake Watershed, April Diane Haight

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by April Diane Haight on December 10, 1996.

Meeting Minutes, December 10th, 1996, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes approved; Financial report given by Lowell Hanson; Income taxes be paid on Jack's stipend; Tax deferred expenses; Membership; Reunion 2000; Life Memberships; Other:; Smokejumper Video; Orders of caps, cups, etc.; NSA's ad in the National Wildfire magazine; Jack's stipend; Computer; Certificates of Appreciation; E-mail hookup; Donation to RSVP; Meeting adjourned;

Electro-Optical Imaging Of F-Actin And Endoplasmic Reticulum In Living And Fixed Plant Cells, Nina Stromgren Allen, Marty N. Bennett

Scanning Microscopy

Confocal and video micrographs of living and fixed alfalfa roots, onion epithelial and pear pollen cells illustrate the architecture of the cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum in plant cells. Fixation of plant tissues to preserve cytoplasmic structure poses special problems. When possible, emphasis should be placed on the imaging of structures in stained living cells over time. The early events that occur when Nod factors or bacteria elicit nodule formation in alfalfa roots will illustrate several approaches to plant cell fixation, staining and imaging. The first observable events after Nod factor stimulation occur in root hairs and are changes in rates …

Chemical Communication In House Mice (Mus Musculus): Can They Recognize Gender From The Anogenital, Harderian Gland Or Mouth/Nose Odor?, Dawn Michele Andrews

Dissertations and Theses

Identifying the sensory systems animals employ to communicate chemically and the function of the chemical signals facilitates further understanding of chemical communication. Increased knowledge of how animals use the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in order to interpret the meaning of body odors will aid in developing a more detailed organization of chemosensory pathways. The message that each body odor contains can change from species to species.

The purpose of this thesis was to study three previously untested body odors in house mice (M. musculus) for their role in gender recognition of conspecifics. These odors are the anogenital (feces, …

Ventilation Rates For Carassius Auratus During Changes In Dissolved Oxygen, Collin Nolan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This experiment was designed to determine whether dissolved oxygen concentrations would influence the ventilation rate of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Ventilation rate can be determined by counting opercular movements. Opercular movements of the same five goldfish were counted at three different levels of dissolved oxygen to determine whether there were differences in ventilation rates. Average ventilation rates were established for each of the three levels of dissolved oxygen and compared statistically. There were significant differences in the ventilation rates averages at each of the three levels. Carassius auratus will exhibit changes in ventilation rates when dissolved oxygen levels change.

Bulletin No. 35: Native Woody Plant Collection Checklist, Michael P. Harvey, Glenn D. Dreyer

Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Competitive Orientations And Motives Of Adult Sport And Exercise Participants, Diane L. Gill, Lavon Williams, Deborah A. Dowd, Christina M. Beaudoin, Jeffrey J. Martin

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Participants in four different adult sport and exercise programs (running club, exercise classes, cardiac rehabilitation program, senior games) completed measures of competitive orientation and participation motivation. Our samples were older and more diverse than samples of previous research, and their competitive orientations and motives were similarly diverse. Multivariate analyses revealed gender and sample differences. Males were higher than females on competitiveness and win orientation, and runners were less win-oriented than other groups, but overall, all groups were similar to previous college-age samples in competitive orientation. Groups varied on specific motives, with females rating fitness, flexibility, affiliation, and appearance higher than …

Algorithms For Adapting Materialised Views In Data Warehouses, Mukesh Mohania, Guozhu Dong

Kno.e.sis Publications

In this paper we consider the problem of materialised view adaptation in data warehouses. Materialised views are important in data warehousing where they are used to speed up query processing on large amounts of data. User requirements change over time, which may change the definitions of views dynamically. For such situations, the question arises whether the materialised views should be recomputed from scratch for every change in the definition or they should be obtained by adapting old materialised views. Changes to a view definition may be expensive, if the view is recomputed from scratch. Therefore, it is worthwhile to examine …

Evagination Of The Thyroid Primordium Involves Novel Cell Behaviors, Gwendolyn M. Kinebrew, S. R. Hilfer

Biology

No abstract provided.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1996, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from documents like balance sheets and financial statements to meet legal and administrative requirements, rather than economic analysis. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, while the Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet. Monetary authorities and deposit money banks consolidate accounts to produce monetary survey accounts. Monthly interest rate returns compute weighted average lending and deposit interest rates, and deposit rates are computed for various maturities. Clearing house statistics show the number and value of cheques cleared within the commercial banking system, reflecting the …

Liquid Agglomeration Of Ink Particles In Deinking, Timothy J. Bowen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Liquid agglomeration is defined by references as a separation process (3). For the purpose of this thesis project, it is the process of using a hydrocarbon oil, dispersed in water, to a pulp slurry, to agglomerate the ink particles and then float them to the top. The idea behind this research is that the sludge produced will have a higher BTU value due to the hydrocarbon oil, which will make incineration a more feasible means of disposal. The preliminary work consisted of determining whether or not the ink particles would agglomerate with hexadecane. It was found that the ink particles …

Repulping Bottle Carriers, Mahsa Khosravani

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Wet strength resins are used to enhance the strength of the paper in the presence of water and high humidity. Paper makers have a difficult time breaking down the wet strength resins which are used to aid in this process. The ideal situation would be to have high wet strength and still be able to brake it down easily. Unfortunately wet strength paper keeps its integrity because of the chemistry involved in its preparation. The chemistry that protects the structure of the high wet strength paper will also defend it in the pulper. The problem that causes the main concern …

Electrokinetic Dewatering Of Softwood Furnishes, Aaron R. Redman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Enormous quantities of water are required in the preparation and formation of paper products. One of the most costly operations in paper manufacture is removal of excess water from the sheet and disposal of by-products from paper production. Currently, high steam energy is necessary in the drying process of paper manufacture. Disposal of a paper by-product, sludge, is also a rising concern due to environmental risks, shrinking landfill space, and rising disposal costs. Both production costs and disposal costs could be reduced with a more effective and efficient process to enhance water removal in paper production and sludge disposal.

One …

The Effects Of Recycling On A Never-Dried Softwood Kraft Pulp Beaten To Different Initial Freeness Levels, Heath A. Smith

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study is to compare two different pulps, a softwood kraft pulp with a groundwood pulp, to see if there is any difference in the behavior of their sheet properties as they are recycled. Neither pulp was dried before the experiment began. The pulps were each refined to three different freeness levels to determine the effect of initial freeness on recycled sheet properties. Tests for tear, tensile, zero-span tensile, opacity, brightness, scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, and porosity were performed on the sheets in order to determine the effects of recycling on those sheet properties. A Kajaani fiber …

Treating Recycled Papers With Naoh For Strength Improvement, Satoshi Suga

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Loss of strength is one of the worst aspects of recycled papers. Even though several factors are responsible for this phenomenon, loss of fiber swelling and inter fiber bonding are believed to be the main contributors. Therefore, prevention of loss in swelling and inter fiber bonding of recycled pup should result in the minimum strength loss of recycled papers.

Chemicals with hydroxyl group such as NaOH are known to provide superior swelling power to.pulp, and their swelling power might be utilized to minimize the strength loss of recycled paper.

In this study, batches of bleached kraft paper were repulped at …